İdeoloji ve Yönetim Çalışmaları: Bilimsel Yönetim Düşüncesinin Gelişim Sürecine Sosyal Darwinizmin Etkisi

Year 2023, Volume: 23 Issue: 1, 33 - 49, 02.05.2023

Emine Şener , Özlem Bulut

https://doi.org/10.25294/auiibfd.1114042

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, literatürde bâkir kalan, yönetim tarihi ve yönetim felsefesinde etkili olan ideolojik yaklaşımları eleştirel bakış açısıyla ortaya çıkarmaktır. İdeolojiler toplum düzenini korumaya hizmet eden düşünce sistemleri ve toplumdaki baskın ya da yönetici grubun çıkarlarının kabaca ifade etme şeklidir. Bununla birlikte ideolojiler, kendi zamanının siyasi ve iktisadi eğilimlerine uygun olması dolayısıyla onları desteklemek ve meşrulaştırmak mecburiyetindedir. Bunu başarabilmesi de mevzuubahis olan eğilimlerle örtüşen telkinleri, ahlaki ilkeleri ve kıymet hükümlerini inşa etmek; insanları bu ilke ve kıymet hükümlerine uygun davranmaya yönlendirmekle olasıdır. Bu doğrultuda, yönetim düşüncesinin bilimsel nitelik kazanmasında önemli katkısı olan bilimsel yönetim yaklaşımının farklı bir perspektiften ele alınarak, yönetim tarihi çalışmalarına katkı sağlamak amaçlanmıştır. Bilimsel yönetim, içinde bulunduğu çevre koşullarından ve belli durumsallıklardan etkilenip şekillenmiştir. Literatür iz sürme metodu ile taranarak, bilimsel yönetiminin içinde doğduğu toplumsal, ekonomik ve düşünsel zemin göz önünde bulundurularak Taylorizm-Darwinizm-Sosyal Darwinizm ilişkisi ve bu ilişkide rol alan yönetim teorisyenlerin etkileşmeleri eleştirel bir perspektiften ele alınarak incelenmiştir. Bu inceleme sonucunda; verimliliği geliştirmek ve üretimi artırmak üzerine inşa edilen bilimsel yönetim düşüncesi göz önüne alındığında; Sosyal Darwinizmin determinist ve mutlak kuralcı yaklaşımının bilimsel yönetimin çerçevesini oluşturmak için uygun zemin hazırladığı ve bilimsel yönetimin gelişiminde etkili olduğu görülmüştür.

Keywords

İdeoloji, Yönetim Tarihi, Yönetim Felsefesi, Bilimsel Yönetim Düşüncesi, Sosyal Darwinizm., Ideology, Management History, Management Philosophy, Scientific Management Thought, Social Darwinism.

Supporting Institution

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Ideology and Management Studies: The Impact of Social Darwinism on the Development of Scientific Management Thought

Abstract

The study aims to reveal the ideological appoaches that are effective in the history of management and management philosophy, which remain untouched in the literature, from a critical point of view. Ideologies are the crude expression of thought systems that serve to protect the social order and the interests of the dominant or ruling group in the society. However, ideologies should follow their time’s political and economic tendencies; therefore, they must support and legitimize them. It is possible to achieve this by building the inculcations, moral principles and values that coincide with tendencies mentioned above and directing people to act following these principles and values. The paper aims to contribute to the history of management studies by considering the scientific management approach, a milestone in the management thought, from a different perspective. Scientific management has been influenced and shaped by environmental conditions and certain contingencies. The literature was scanned with the tracking method, and the social, economic and intellectual ground in which scientific management was born was taken into account; the relationship between Taylorism-Darwinism-Social Darwinism and the interactions of management theorists involved in this relationship are discussed from a critical perspective. As a result of this study; under the idea of scientific management based on improving efficiency and increasing production, it has been seen that the determinist and absolute prescriptive approach of Social Darwinism leads the groundwork for establishment of the scientific management framework and it is effective in the development of scientific management.

Keywords

Ideology, Management History, Management Philosophy, Scientific Management Thought, Social Darwinism.

Project Number

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