Exploring Parenting Styles to Enhance Parental Involvement through Latent Profile Analysis: The Role of Reward and Praise

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 4, 1159 - 1173, 23.10.2023

Özgür Bolat , Ergün Kara

https://doi.org/10.34056/aujef.1358026

Abstract

The aim of this study is to explore different profiles of parents in terms of their use of reward and praise as well as psychological control by using latent profile analysis (LPA). The data were collected from a sample of 661 parents living across Turkey through an online platform in the Spring of 2023. An atemporal cross-sectional research design was used to explore latent profiles of parents. Parents completed three scales: the parent reward scale, the parent praise scale, and psychological control-disrespect scale. Parents were profiled, based on their use of these three parenting tools. As a result of the LPA, three profiles emerged. They were identified as “High Controllers”, “Low Controllers” and “Autonomy Supporters”. As predicted, “High Controllers” use all these three tools, reward, praise, psychological control to a great extent. Similarly, “Low Controllers” use all three tools but to lesser extent. “Autonomy Supporters” use these three tools the least. The difference among these three profiles were further validated with the acknowledgement-of-feelings scale and the threats to punish scale. ANOVA revealed a significant difference among three groups. “High Controllers” were more likely to threaten to punish their children than “Low Controllers” and “Autonomy Supporters”. Similarly, Autonomy Supporters” were more likely to acknowledge their children’s feelings than “High Controllers” and “Low Controllers.” As predicted, these findings suggest that parents who use praise and reward are more likely to control their children psychologically, punish their children and less likely to acknowledge their children’s feelings. School leaders could utilize these findings to profile parents and develop more effective parental involvement program to promote autonomy supportive parenting style that do not rely on praise or reward.

Keywords

Parental involvement, school leadership, reward, praise, psychological control, latent profile analysis

Örtük Profi Analizi ile Veli Katılımı için Ebeveyn Stillerinin İncelenmesi: Ödül ve Övgünün Rolü

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, ödül ve övgü kullanımı ile psikolojik kontrol açısından farklı ebeveyn profillerini örtük profil analizi (ÖPA) kullanarak incelemektir. Veriler, 2023 baharında bir çevrimiçi platform aracılığıyla Türkiye'nin dört bir yanında görev yapan 661 ebeveyn örneğinden toplanmıştır. Ebeveynlerin örtük profillerini keşfetmek için kesitsel araştırma türü kullanılmıştır. Ebeveynler üç ölçek doldurmuştur: ebeveyn ödül ölçeği, ebeveyn övgü ölçeği ve psikolojik kontrol-saygısızlık ölçeği. Ebeveynler, bu üç ebeveynlik aracının kullanımına dayanarak profillendirilmiştir. ÖPA sonucunda üç profil bulunmuştur. Bunlar “Yüksek Kontrolcüler”, “Düşük Kontrolcüler” ve “Özerklik Destekleyenler” olarak isimlendirilmiştir. Tahmin edildiği gibi, “Yüksek Kontrolcüler” bu üç davranışı (ödül, övgü, psikolojik kontrol) büyük ölçüde sergilemektedir. Benzer şekilde, “Düşük Kontrolcüler” bu üç davranılı daha az ölçüde göstermektedir. “Özerklik Destekçileri” bu üç davranışı en az seviyede göstermektedir. Bu üç profil arasındaki fark, duyguların kabul ölçeği ve cezalandırma tehdidi ölçeği ile daha da doğrulanmıştır. ANOVA, üç grup arasında anlamlı bir fark olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. “Yüksek Kontrolcüler”, “Düşük Kontrolcüler” ve “Özerklik Destekleyenler”den daha çok çocuklarını cezalandırmakla tehdit etmektedir. Benzer şekilde, “Özerklik Destekleyenler”, “Yüksek Kontrolcüler” ve “Düşük Kontrolcüler”den daha çok çocuklarının duygularını kabul etmektedir. Tahmin edildiği gibi, bu bulgular, övgü ve ödül kullanan ebeveynlerin daha çok psikolojik kontrol kullandığını, çocuklarını cezalandırdığını ve çocuklarının duygularını daha az kabul ettiğini göstermektedir. Okul liderleri, bu bulguları ebeveynleri profillendirmek ve övgü veya ödüle dayanmayan özerklik destekleyen ebeveynlik tarzını teşvik etmek için daha etkili bir ebeveyn katılım programı geliştirmek için kullanabilir.

Keywords

Ebeveyn katılımı, okul liderliği, ödül, övgü, psikolojik kontrol, gizli profil analizi

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