Evaluation of Moldova-European Union Relations and the Role of Russia in the Relations in the Framework of European Neighbourhood Policy

Öz

The objective of this study is to investigate the development of Moldova-EU relations in the framework of European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) in the post-Soviet period and to examine the role of Russia in this process. The article asserts that because of such reasons as Moldova’s poverty, the frozen Transnistria conflict, the impact of Russia, the importance attached by the EU to the enlargement towards Eastern Europe and EU’s emphasis on the integration process, Moldova was not a country, with which the EU has aimed to integrate primarily. Therefore, EU-Moldova relations progressed slowly particularly up until the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022. Another thesis of the article is that owing to historical, social, cultural, political, economic and military reasons, Russia has always had a certain influence in Moldova. However, the more EU-Moldova relations intensified, the more Moldova moved away from the Russian orbit. Furthermore, the study maintains that while the EU emphasized traditionally such values as democracy, rule of law and human rights regarding its stance on enlargement, it prioritized geo-strategy in its approach as regards enlargement following the Russian assault on Ukraine in 2022. This, as a result, has paved the way for Moldova’s membership to the EU.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• European Neighbourhood Policy
• Moldova
• Eastern Partnership
• Russia
• EU

Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası Çerçevesinde Moldova – Avrupa Birliği İlişkileri ve İlişkilerde Rusya’nın Rolünün Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Bu makalenin amacı bağımsızlık sonrası dönemde Moldova’nın AB’yle ilişkilerinin gelişimini Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası (AKP) çerçevesinde incelemek ve bu süreçte Rusya’nın oynadığı rolü ele almaktadır. Makale şu tezleri savunmaktadır: Moldova, yoksul olması, Transdinyester sorununun çözülememesi, Rusya’nın bölgedeki etkisi ve AB’nin Doğu Avrupa’ya doğru genişlemeye önem vermesi ve bütünleşme sürecine vurgu yapması gibi nedenlerle AB’nin öncelikli olarak bütünleşmeyi hedeflemediği bir ülke olduğu için Moldova-AB ilişkileri bilhassa 2022’de Rusya’nın Ukrayna’ya saldırısına kadar yavaş ilerlemiştir. Makalenin diğer tezi: Rusya, tarihsel, toplumsal, kültürel, siyasal, ekonomik ve askeri nedenlerle bağımsızlık sonrası dönemde Moldova’da her zaman belli bir etkiye sahip olmuştur. Fakat Moldova-AB ilişkilerinin AKP çerçevesinde yoğunlaşmasıyla Moldova gitgide Rusya’nın yörüngesinden uzaklaşmaya başlamıştır. Bunun yanında makale, genişleme konusunda geleneksel olarak demokrasi, hukuk devleti, insan hakları gibi değerlere vurgu yaparken 2022’de Rusya’nın Ukrayna’ya saldırısından sonra AB’nin artan güvenlik tehdidi algısı nedeniyle genişlemeyle ilgili tutumunda jeostratejiyi öncelediğini ileri sürmektedir. Bu çerçevede makalede AB’nin bu değişen yaklaşımı sonucunda AKP kapsamında yer alıp da AB’ye üye olması öngörülmeyen Moldova, Ukrayna ve Gürcistan gibi ülkelerin AB’ye üyelik yolunun açıldığı savunulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası
• Moldova
• Doğu Ortaklığı
• Rusya
• AB

Kaynakça

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