Are Hofstede’s Culturel Dimension Scores Being Re-Tested? A Review of Studies Focusing on Turkey

Öz

Most of national and organizational culture studies have focused on Hofstede’s cultural values, although cultural studies are based on the theories of different researchers in many different disciplines. However, there are debates on the use of Hofstede's framework and the validity of the cultural dimension scores obtained from his studies. This study aims to determine whether the dimensions in cultural studies within the framework of Hostede’s cultural dimension are retested and to what extent these studies can explain the probable change in Turkey’s cultural structure, based on the discussion of whether Hofstede’s cultural dimension scores remain valid today. To this end, cultural studies within the Turkish context indexed in the Scopus database were analyzed. The findings reveal that the vast majority of these studies rely on secondary data from Hofstede’s original work, without re-testing the cultural dimensions or addressing possible shifts in Turkey’s cultural context. Furthermore, in studies where the dimensions have been re-tested, the data often diverge both internally and in comparison with Hofstede’s original scores. However, the reasons behind these discrepancies are generally not addressed. Based on these findings, several recommendations are proposed for both academics and practitioners.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hofstede
• national culture
• cultural dimension
• cultural change

Hofstede’ın Kültürel Boyut Puanları Tekrar Test Ediliyor mu? Türkiye Üzerine Yapılan Çalışmalar Çerçevesinde Bir Değerlendirme

Öz

Kültürel çalışmalar, birçok farklı disiplinde farklı araştırmacıların teorileri çerçevesinde yürütülse de ulusal ve örgütsel kültür araştırmalarının çoğu Hofstede’ın kültürel değerlerine odaklanmıştır. Ancak Hofstede’ın çerçevesinin kullanımı ve çalışmalarından elde edilen puanların geçerliliği noktasında soru işaretleri bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada; Hofstede’ın kültürel boyut puanlarının günümüzde geçerliliğini koruyup korumadığı tartışmasından yola çıkılarak, Hofstede’ın kültürel boyutları çerçevesinde yürütülen kültür çalışmalarında boyutların yeniden test edilip edilmediğini ve söz konusu çalışmaların Türkiye’nin kültürel yapısındaki olası değişimi ne derece açıkladıklarını belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda Scopus veri tabanında Türkiye örneklemindeki kültür çalışmaları incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular çerçevesinde, yapılan çalışmaların çok büyük bir kısmının Hofstede’ın orijinal çalışmasındaki ikincil verilerle yürütüldüğü, kültürel boyutların tekrar test edilmediği ve Türkiye’nin kültürel yapısındaki olası değişime odaklanmadıkları görülmüştür. Bunun yanında kültürel boyutların tekrar test edildiği çalışmaların verilerinin de hem kendi içlerinde hem de Hofstede’ın verileriyle farklılaştığı, fakat bu farklılaşmanın nedenleri üzerinde durulmadığı bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu sonuçlardan yola çıkılarak akademisyenler ve uygulayıcılar için birtakım öneriler getirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hofstede
• ulusal kültür
• kültürel boyutlar
• kültürel değişim

Kaynakça

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