Kolektif Siyasal Şiddet ve İslami Toplumsal Hareket Analizi: Hamas Örneği

Abstract

Kolektif siyasal şiddet analizi için paradigmatik bir yaklaşımın söz konusu olmayışı, mevcut literatürün sınırlılıklarını geride bırakmaya yardımcı olacak yeni bir yaklaşıma ihtiyaç olduğunu göstermektedir. Toplumsal Hareket Çalışmaları, geleneksel olarak şiddet araçlarının kullanımını içermeyen hareketlere odaklanmış olmasına rağmen kolektif siyasal şiddet vakalarının analizine de önemli katkılar sunabilecek araçları barındırmaktadır. Zira kolektif siyasal şiddet hareketleri, toplumsal hareketler gibi dayanışmaya dayalı ve içerisinde yer aldığı sistemin sınırlarını zorlayan kolektif hareket biçimleridir. Ayrıca, toplumsal hareketlere benzer şekilde siyasal fırsat yapılarının değişiminden etkilenmekte ve örgütlenme, katılım, mobilizasyon ve gerekli kaynakların temini sorunlarıyla karşı karşıya kalmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Toplumsal Hareket Çalışmaları’nın siyasal fırsat yapıları, kaynak mobilizasyonu, örgütsel hareketlilik stratejileri, çerçeveleme ve kimlik inşası süreçleri gibi kuramsal ve kavramsal araçlarıyla, kolektif siyasal şiddet analizi için gerekli olan bütüncül yaklaşıma katkı sunabileceğini savunmaktadır. Böylece Terörizm Çalışmaları’nın varsaydığından daha karmaşık bir örgütlenmeye sahip olan ve mevcut literatürün analizde yetersiz kaldığı Hamas örneğinin Filistin siyasetindeki yerinin doğru şekilde belirlenmesi mümkün olacaktır.

Keywords

• Kolektif Siyasal Şiddet
• Toplumsal Hareket Çalışmaları
• Terörizm Çalışmaları
• Toplumsal Hareketler
• Hamas

Collective Political Violence and Analysis of Islamist Social Movements: The Case of Hamas

Abstract

A survey of the literature on political violence reveals that there is no paradigmatic approach with which to study different forms of collective political violence. Thus, there is a need for a new framework which overcomes the shortcomings of the existing literature. While the study of social movements has generally focused on non-violent collective action in democratic settings and neglected violence in social movements, it still provides the necessary tools to examine cases of collective political violence. Just like non-violent social movements, movements that adopt political violence experience problems related to organization, mobilization of resources, recruitment and construction of collective action frames. They are also affected by the changing political opportunities. Thus, this study argues that Social Movement Studies can contribute to the development of a more comprehensive approach with which to analyze collective political violence as it offers the necessary theoretical and conceptual tools such as political opportunity structures, resource mobilization, organizational mobilization strategies and processes of framing and identity
construction. Such tools would help us better situate a complex organization such as Hamas, which is often inadequately analyzed within the literature on collective political violence dominated by Terrorism Studies. 

Keywords

• Collective Political Violence
• Social Movement Studies
• Terrorism Studies
• Social Movements
• Hamas

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