AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ’NİN LİBERAL ULUSLARARASI DÜZEN İÇERİSİNDEKİ KONUMU: STRATEJİK ORTAKLIKTAN KÜRESEL REKABETE?

Abstract

Bu çalışma Soğuk Savaş döneminden itibaren liberal uluslararası sistem içinde Avrupa Birliği’nin (A.B.) rolünü ve devletlerarası emperyalist rekabet içindeki konumunu tarihsel bir bakış açısıyla çalışmayı amaçlar. Soğuk Savaş sırasında stratejik ortak olan Avrupa Ekonomik Topluluğu, Kuzey Atlantik Antlaşması Örgütü (NATO) bünyesinde Sovyetler Birliği’ni çevreleme politikasına dahil olurken, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (A.B.D.) ekonomik olarak güçlü bir Avrupa entegrasyonuna Batı Bloğu’nu da güçlendireceği öngörüsüyle destek vermiştir. Soğuk Savaş’ın sona ermesi bölgesel güçlerin daha özerk politikalar izlemeleri için alan yaratmıştır. A.B. 1993 Maastricht Anlaşması ile Ortak Dış ve Güvenlik Politikası’nı oluşturarak uluslararası politikada siyasi bir aktör olmak için adım atarken, Ekonomik ve Parasal Birlik ile doların hegemonyasına alternatif olma yolunda önemli bir gelişme kaydetmiştir. Ancak 2008 Büyük Duraklama ile birlikte Avrupa entegrasyonu çoklu krize girmiştir. Kuzey ve Güney Avrupa ülkeleri arasındaki sosyo-ekonomik farklılıklar, aşırı sağ ve popülist liderlerin yükselişi entegrasyonun krizini de derinleştirmiş. Bu temel tarihsel gelişmeler göz önünde bulundurulduğunda çalışmanın üç araştırma sorusu vardır. İkinci Dünya Savaşı’ndan sonra uluslararası sistem içinde A.B.’nin rolü ve gücünün niteliğinde ne gibi değişimler ve devamlılıklar gözlemlemek mümkündür? Soğuk Savaş sonrası A.B. sermayesi A.B.D. sermayesi ile emperyalist bir rekabet içinde midir yoksa Soğuk Savaş döneminin devamlılığı niteliğinde sermaye emperyalizminin A.B.D. liderliğinde devam ettiğini iddia etmek olası mıdır? Avrupa sermayesi temsilcileri Transatlantik ilişkiler konusunda ne gibi bir pozisyon geliştirmişlerdir? Çalışmada bulgular üç tarihsel dönem içinde analiz edilecektir: Soğuk Savaş dönemi, Soğuk Savaş Sonrası dönem ve 2008 Büyük Durgunluk sonrası dönem.

Keywords

• Avrupa Birliği
• A.B.D.
• Transatlantik İlişkiler
• Emperyalizm
• Küresel Rekabet

Understanding Position of the European Union within the Liberal International Order: Strategic Partner or Global Rivalry?

Abstract

This article aims to historically study role and position of the European Union (EU) in liberal international system since the Cold War period. During the Cold War, the European Economic Community (EEC) cooperated with the United States (US) within NATO in containing the Soviet threat while the US supported economic recovery of the European integration assuming that it would also empower the Western Alliance. The end of Cold War engendered opportunities for regional powers to adopt more independent policies. Within such a context, the EU founded the Common Foreign and Security Policy and took steps to establish Economic and Monetary Union with the 1993 Maastricht Treaty which would render the EU an international actor and challenge the supremacy of US dollar. However, the EU has been in multiple crises since 2008 Great Recession. Socio-economic disparities between the North and South European member states and the rise of far right and populist politics has deepened crisis of European integration. This study aspires to address three research questions. What are historical continuities and changes in the role of the EU within the liberal international system? Is it possible to argue that the EU is in an imperial rivalry with the US capital or the US continues to lead the empire of capital at the international level? What is the position of European capital regarding Transatlantic relations? The findings are presented at three historical periods: Cold War, post-Cold War and 2008 Great Recession.

Keywords

• European Union
• United States
• Transatlantic Relations
• Imperialism
• Global Rivalry

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