Yeni Büyüme Kuramı'nın Politika Çıkarsamaları Üzerine: Yenliğin Birikimli Özelliği

Abstract

Keywords

• -

YENİ BÜYÜME KURAMI'NIN POLİTİKA ÇIKARSAMALARI ÜZERİNE: YENİLİĞİN BİRİKİMLİ ÖZELLİĞİ

Abstract

Geçen yüzyılın özellikle son yarısında yaşanan teknolojik ilerleme, bir çok disiplinin, iktisadi büyüme üzerine geliştirilen temel varsayımları gözden geçirmelerini gerektirmiştir. Bu bağlamda, üç genel bakış açısı belirginleşmektedir: neo-klasik iktisat, kurumsal - evrimsel iktisat ve bölgesel çalışmalar ile mekansal-iktisat. Neo-klasik iktisat içinde yenilikçi bir grup (Romerciler) temel bazı varsayımları sorgulayarak, onu daha gerçekçi bir temsil ve müdahale biçimine dönüştürmeye çalışmaktadır. Bu makalenin amacı Paul Michael Romer tarafından başlatılan ve zamanla büyük bir ilgiye maruz kalan 'Yeni Büyüme Kuramı' (YBK) etrafındaki tanışmalara ışık tutarak, yeniliğin birikerek ilerleme özelliğinden kaynaklanan ve YBK'na içkin olan politika çıkarsamalarını eleştirel bir bağlamda irdelemektir. Bu kapsamda. makalede öncelikle YBK'nın temel özellikleri onaya kanarak, diğer bakış açılan çerçevesinde genel bir değerlendirmesi yapılmakta, daha sonrada YBK'nın politika çıkarsamaları eleştirel bir bağlamda gözden geçirilmektedir. Son kısımda ise yapılan çalışmanın genel bir özeti temel han sonuçlara bağlanmaktadır.

Keywords

• Yeni Büyüme Kuramı, yeniliğin birikimli özelliği, iktisadi büyüme, Paul Michael Romer, neo-klasik iktisat

References

1. ABRAMOVITZ, M. (1952), "Eeonomies of Growth," HALEY, B.F. (der.), A Survey of Contemporary Eeonomies - Volum e /i (Homewood-Illinois: Richard D. Irwin Ine.).
2. ASHEIM, B.T. (1997), "Towards aLearning Based Strategy for Regional Development: Struetural Limits or New Possibilities?," Bölgesel Çalışmalar Birliğinin (Regional Studies Assoeiation), "Regional Frontiers" başlıklı EURRN Avrupa Konferansında sunulan bildiri, 20-23 Eylül 1997 (Frankfurt/Ader: Almanya).
3. BERGER, S./DORE, R. (deL) (1996), National Diversity and Global Capitalism (London: (ornell University Press).
4. BEYHAN, B. (1999), Dynamics of High- Teeh Industrial Districts and Same Implieations for Turk.ey (Ankara: Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Mimarlık Fakültesi, Şehir ve Bölge Planlama Bölümü).
5. BEYHAN, B. (2002), "Kuramlar ve Dünya Tecrübesi Bağlamında Türkiyenin Yüksek Teknoloji Bölgecikleri Oluşturma Çabası," ODTÜ Gelişme Dergisi (METU Studies in Development), 28/1-2.
6. BEYHAN, B. (2006), The Role of Labor Mobility in the Cognitive Architecture of an Industrial Cluster: The Case of Siteler in Ankara (Ankara: Basılmamış Doktora Tezi, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Mimarlık Fakültesi, Şehir ve Bölge Planlama Bölümü).
7. BOYER, R. (1996), "The Convergency Hypothesis Revisited: Globalization but Still the Century of Nation?," BERGER, S. i DORE, R. (der.), National Diversity and Global Capitalism (London: Cornell University Pres): 29-59.
8. BUTTON, K. (2000), "New Approaches to Spatial Economics," Growth and Change, 31 14: 480-501.

9. CAMAGNI, R. (1991), "Local Milieu, Uncertainty and Innovation Networks: Towards a New Dynamic Theory of Economic Space," CAMAGNI, R. (der.), Innovation Netwarks: Spatial Perspeetives (New York: Belhaven Press): 121-144.
10. CAMAGNI, R./CAPELLO, R. (1998), "Innovation and Performance of SMEs in Italy: The Relevance of Spatial Aspects," Competitian and Change, 3(1/2): 69-107.
11. CAMAGNI, R. (der.) (1991), Innovation Networks: Spatial Perspeetives (New York: Belhaven Press).
12. CAPELLO, R. (1999), "Spatial Transfer of Knowledge in High Technology Milieux: Learning Versus Collective Learning Processes," Regional Studies, 33/4: 353-366.
13. COOKE, P./URANGA, M.G./ETXEBARRIA, G. (1997), "Regional Innovation Systems - Institutional and Organisational Dimensions," Research Policy, 26: 475-491.
14. COOKE, P./URANGA, M.G.lETXEBARRIA, G. (1998), "Regional System s of Innovation - An Evolutionary Perspective," Environment and Planning A, 30/9: 1563-1584
15. CORTRIGHT, J. (2001), New Growth Theary, Technalogy and Learning: A Practitioner's Guide, internet üzerinde: http://www.impresaconsulting.com/cortright_ngt.pdf.
16. DYMSKI, G. (1996), "On Krugman's Model of Economic Geography," Geoforum, 27: 439-452.
17. FAGERBERG, J. (1995), "Convergence or Divergence? The Impact of Technologyon 'Why Growth Rates Differ, n, Journal of Evolutionary Eeonomies, 5/3: 269-284.
18. FINE, B. (2000), "Endogenous Growth Theory: A Critical Assessment," Cambridge Journal of Economies, 24/2: 245-65.
19. FIRTH, L./MELLOR, D. (2000), "Learning and the New Growth Theories: Policy Dilemma," Researeh Policy, 29: 1157-1163.
20. GROSSMAN, G.M./HELPMAN, E. (1990), "Trade, Innovation and Growth," American Eeonomic Review, 80/2: 86-92.
21. GROSSMAN, G.M./HELPMAN, E. (1994), "Endogenous Innovation in the Theory of Growth, "Journal of Economie Perspectives, 81: 23-44.
22. HALEY, B.F. (der.) (1952), A Survey of Contemporary Eeonomics - Volume LI (Homewood-Illinois: Richard D. Irwin Inc.).
23. HASSINK, R. (1997), "What Does the Learning Region Mean for Economic Geography?," Bölgesel Çalışmalar Birliğinin (Regional Studies Association), "Regional Frontiers" başlıklı EURRN Avrupa Konferansında sunulan bildiri, 20-23 Eylül 1997 (FrankfurtiOder: Almanya).
24. HODGSON, G.M. (1988), Eeonomies and Institutions: A Manifesto for a Modern Institutional Eeonomies (Cambridge: Polity Press).
25. HODGSON, G.M. (1996), "An Evolutionary Theory of Long-Term Economic Growth," International Studies Quarterly, 40: 391-410.
26. KRUGMAN, P.R. (1998), "Space: The Final Frontier," Journal of Economie Perspeetives, 12/2: 161-175.
27. LAWSON, C./LORENZ, E. (1999), "Collective Learning, Tacit Knowledge and Regional Innovative Capacity," Regional Studies, 33-4: 305-317.
28. MANKIW, N.G. (1995), "The Growth of Nations," Brookings Papers on Economie Aetivity, 1: 275- 3M.
29. MANKIW, N.G.lROMER, D./WEIL, D.N. (1992), "A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth, " Quarterly Journal of Eeonomics, 107/2: 407-438.
30. MASKELL, P./MALMBERG, A. (1999), "The Competitiveness of Firms and Regions: 'Ubiquitification' and the Importance of Localized Learning," European Urban and Reg;onal Studies, 6/1: 9-25.
31. MASSEY, D.IQUINTAS, P./WIELD, D. (1992), High- rech Fantasies (London and New York: Routledge).
32. MORGAN, K. (1997), "The Learning Region: Institutions, Innovation and Regional Renewal," Regional Studies, 31/5: 491-503.
33. MYRDAL, G. (1957), Economicrheory and Under-Developed Regions (London: Gerald Duckworth & Co. Ltd.).
34. MYRDAL, G. (1970), An Approaeh to the Asian Drama: Methodological and rheoretical (New York: Random House Ine.).
35. NELSON, R.R. (1995), "Recent Evolutionary Theorizing About Economic Change," Journal of Economie Literature, 33 11: 48-91.
36. NELSON, R.R. (1997), "How New is New Growth Theory, " Chal/enge, 40/5: 29-59.
37. NELSON, R.R. (1998), "The Agenda for Growth Theory - A Different Point of View, " Cambridge Journal of Economics, 22/4: 497-520.
38. NELSON, R.R./ROMER, P.M. (1996), "Science, Economic Growth, And Public Policy" Chal/enge, 39/2: 9-22.
39. NORTH, D.C. (1992), Institutions, Institutional Change and Eeonomic Performance (New York: Cambridge University Press).
40. NORTH, D.C. (1994), "Economic Performance Through Time," American Economic Review, 84/3: 359-369.
41. ÖZVEREN, Y.E. (1998), "An Institutionalist Alternative to Neoelassical Economics?," Review, XXi: 469-530.
42. PACK, H. (1994), "Endogenous Growth Theory: Intellectual Appeal and Empirical Shortcomings," Journal of Economic Perspectives, 8/1: 55-72.
43. RICHARDSON, H.W. (1984), "Approaches to Regional Development Theory in Western Market Economies," DEMKO, G. (der.), Regional Development: Problems and policies in Eastem and Western Eurape (Croom Helm: Worschester): 4-33.
44. ROBINSON, P. (1995), "Paul Romer," Forbes, 6/5/95 Supplement ASAP, 155/12: 66.71.
45. ROMER, P.M. (1986), "Increasing Returns and Long-Run Growth," Journal of Political Economy, 94/5: 1001-1037.
46. ROMER, P.M. (1990), "Endogenous Technological Change," Journal of Political Economy, 98/5: 71-102.
47. ROMER, P.M. (1993), "Implementing a National Technology Strategy With Self-Organizing Industry Investment Boards," Brookings Papers on Eeonomie Activity, 2: 345-399.
48. ROMER, P.M. (1994), "The Origins of Endogenous Growth," Journal of Eeonomic Perspectives, 8/1: 3-23.
49. ROMER, P.M. (1995), Comments and Discussion on "The growth of Nations," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1: 275-326.
50. ROMER, P.M. (1996), "Why, Indeed, in America? Theory, History, and The Origins Of Modern Economic Growth, " American Eeonomic Review, 86/2: 202-207.
51. RUTIAN, V.W. (1998), "The New Growth Theory and Development Economics: A Survey," The Journalaf Development Studies, 35/2: 1-26.
52. SAXENIAN, A.L. (1990), "Regional Networks and the Resurgence of Silicon Valiey," California Management Review, 33/1: 89-112.
53. SAXENIAN, A.L. (1991), "The Origins and Dynamics of Production Networks in Silieon Valley," Researeh Policy, 20/5: 423-437.
54. scon, A.J./STORPER, M. (1987), "High Technology Industry and Regional Development: a Theoretieal Critique and Reconstruction," International Social Seienee Journal, 34: 215-232.
55. SENGUPTA, J.IOKAMURA, K. (1995), "History Versus Expectations: Test of New Growth Theory," Applied Eeonomies Letters, 2: 491-494.
56. SHAW, G.K. (1992) "Policy Implieations of Endogenous Growth Theory," The Economie Journal, 102: 611-621. , SOJA, E.W. (1985), "Regions in Context: Spatiality, Periodicitv, and the Historical Geography of the Regional Puestion, " Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 3: 175.190.
57. SOLOW, R.M. (1957), "Technical Change and the Aggregate Production Function," Review of Eeonomies and Statisties, 39: 312-320.
58. SOLOW, R.M. (1994), "Perspectives On Growth Theory," Journal of Eeonomie Perspectives, 8/1: 45-65.
59. STORPER, M. (1993), "Regional Worlds of Production: Learning and Innovation in the Technology Distriets of France, Italy and the USA," Regional Studies, 27/5: 433-455.
60. STORPER, M. (1995), "The Resurgence of Regional Economies, Ten Years Later: The Region As a Nexus of Untraded Interdependencies," European Urban and Regional Studies, 2/3: 191- 221.
61. SWAN, T.W. (1956), "Economic Growth and Capital Accumulation," Eeonomie Reeord, 32/2: 334- 61.
62. TODTUNG, F. (1999), "Innovation Networks, Collective Learning, and Industrial Policy in Regions of Europe. (cover story)," European Planning Studies, 7/6: 693-698.
63. VEBLEN, T. (1998), "Why is Economies Not an Evolutionary Science?," Cambridge Journal of Eeonomies, 22: 403-414.
64. , WEDER, R./GRUBEL, H.G. (1993), "The New Growth Theory and Coasen Economics . Institutions to Capture Externalities," Weltwirtsehaftliehes Archiv, 129/3: 488-513.
65. WEITZMAN, M.L. (2001), "Hybridizing Growth Theory, " AEA Papers and Proeeedings, 8612: 207- 212.