Abstract
Nispi seçim sistemlerinde seçmenler temsili organ için belli sayıda aday gösteren ve aldıkları oy oranında sandalye elde edebilen partiler ya da ittifak blokları için oy verirler. Bu seçilmiş parlamento çeşitli seçmen gruplarının çıkarlarını ne oranda yansıtır, ya da başka bir deyişle parlamento ne ölçüde temsilidir? Bu soruyu yanıtlamak amacıyla, bir seçim sisteminin temsil oranını değerlendiren “orantısızlık göstergeleri” diye adlandırılan göstergeler kullanılmaktadır. Orantısızlık göstergeleri her partinin aldığı oy sayısı ile kazandığı sandalye sayısı arasında yapılan karşılaştırmaya dayanmaktadır. Bu makalede nispi temsil sistemlerinin seçmenlerin tercihlerini tam yansıtmamalarının nedenleri tartışılacaktır. Çalışmada iyi bilinen çok sayıda nispi temsil sistemi betimlenecek, orantısızlık göstergeleri hakkında kısaca bilgi verilecek ve iki yeni gösterge önerilecektir: Temsil Endeksi ve Göreli Temsil Endeksi. Çalışmada bu iki gösterge çok sayıda ülkedeki parlamento seçimleri göz önünde tutularak hesaplanmaktadır.
Keywords
Nispi temsil sistemleri orantısızlık göstergeleri parlamento seçimleri temsil endeksi göreli temsil endeksi
References
- ALESKEROV, F. / PLATONOV, V. (2003), PR Systems and Indices of Disproportionality of a Parliament (Working Paper WP7/2003/5: Moscow State University, Higher School of Economics) (in Russian).
- ALESKEROV, F. / PLATONOV, V. (2004) "Disproportionality Indicies for PR Systems," "Reasoned Choices" (Essays in Honor of Academy Professor Hannu Nurmi (ed. Matti Wiberg), The Finnish Political Science Association).
- GALLAGHER, M. (1991), “Proportionality, Disproportionality and Electoral Systems,” Electoral Studies.
- GRILLI DI CORTONA, P. / MANZI, C. / PENNISI, A. / RICCA, F. / SIMEONE, B. (1999), Evaluation and Optimization of Electoral Systems (Philadelphia: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics).
- LIJPHART, A. et al. (1994), Electoral Systems and Party Systems: a Study of Twenty-Seven Democracies 1945-1990 (New York: Oxford University Press).
- LOOSEMORE, J. / HANBY, V. (1971), “The Theoretical Limits of Maximum Distortion: Some Analytic Expressions for Electoral Systems,” British Journal of Political Science, 1.
- Rae, D. (1971), The Political Consequences of Electoral Laws (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press) (2nd edn.).
- www.const.sns.se
- www.elections.spb.ru
- www.lrs.lt
- www.polpred.ru/free/litva
- www.riksdagen.se
- www.ukrpack.ne
Abstract
In proportional representation systems voters vote for parties or blocks, which run for the certain number of seats in a representative body, and get seats proportionally to the received votes. In what degree the elected parliament reflects the interests of various groups of the voters, or, in other words, to which extent it is representative? To answer this question the indices are introduced evaluating the degree of proportionality of an electoral system, called "disproportionality indices". Disproportionality indices are based on the comparison between the number of votes and number of seats each party obtains. In the article the reasons why any electoral PR system distorts voters’ preferences are discussed. Below we describe several well-known proportional representation systems, give a brief look to known disproportionality indices and introduce two new indices of that type, the Representation Index and the Index of Relative Representation, respectively. These two indices are calculated for parliamentary elections in several countries.
Keywords
Proportional representation systems disproportionality indices parliamentary elections representation index index of relative representation
References
- ALESKEROV, F. / PLATONOV, V. (2003), PR Systems and Indices of Disproportionality of a Parliament (Working Paper WP7/2003/5: Moscow State University, Higher School of Economics) (in Russian).
- ALESKEROV, F. / PLATONOV, V. (2004) "Disproportionality Indicies for PR Systems," "Reasoned Choices" (Essays in Honor of Academy Professor Hannu Nurmi (ed. Matti Wiberg), The Finnish Political Science Association).
- GALLAGHER, M. (1991), “Proportionality, Disproportionality and Electoral Systems,” Electoral Studies.
- GRILLI DI CORTONA, P. / MANZI, C. / PENNISI, A. / RICCA, F. / SIMEONE, B. (1999), Evaluation and Optimization of Electoral Systems (Philadelphia: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics).
- LIJPHART, A. et al. (1994), Electoral Systems and Party Systems: a Study of Twenty-Seven Democracies 1945-1990 (New York: Oxford University Press).
- LOOSEMORE, J. / HANBY, V. (1971), “The Theoretical Limits of Maximum Distortion: Some Analytic Expressions for Electoral Systems,” British Journal of Political Science, 1.
- Rae, D. (1971), The Political Consequences of Electoral Laws (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press) (2nd edn.).
- www.const.sns.se
- www.elections.spb.ru
- www.lrs.lt
- www.polpred.ru/free/litva
- www.riksdagen.se
- www.ukrpack.ne
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Business Administration |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | February 9, 2015 |
| Submission Date | February 9, 2015 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2005 Volume: 60 Issue: 4 |