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KENTSEL ALTYAPI FİNANSMAN MODELİ OLARAK YEREL KREDİ PİYASASI SİSTEMİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ

Year 2005, Volume: 60 Issue: 4, 57 - 74, 09.02.2015

Tayfun Çınar

Abstract

Son yıllarda dünyanın yeni kentleşen bölgelerinde kentsel altyapı yatırım gereksinimi hızla büyümektedir. Küresel finans örgütlerinin projeksiyonlarında, kentsel altyapı yatırımlarının yakın gelecekte daha da büyük ölçeklere ulaşması öngörülmektedir. Söz konusu beklentiler doğrultusunda gelişmekte olan ülkelerdeki kentsel altyapı yatırımlarına ulus ötesi sermayenin katılımının sağlanmasına yönelik politikaları içeren yazanaklar hazırlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmalarda, yerel yönetimler maliyesine yönelik olarak yönetişim (governance) içerikli politikalar geliştirilmektedir. Ayrıca, kamusal kredilere dayalı yerel yönetim bankacılığını tasfiye etmeyi hedefleyen politik, kurumsal ve yapısal değişiklik önerileri yerel kredi piyasası sistemi modeli etrafında sunulmaktadır. Ancak, ABD’de geçerli belediye bono ve kredi piyasasının yapısal özellikleri çerçevesinde şekillendirilen yerel kredi piyasası sistemi, ulus ötesi sermayenin gereksinimleri doğrultusunda oluşturulduğundan, gelişmekte olan ülkelerin kentsel sorunlarına kalıcı çözümler bulmaktan uzaktır. Söz konusu çerçevede, bu makalenin amacı, gelişmekte olan ülkelere benimsetilmeye çalışılan yerel kredi piyasası sisteminin temel özelliklerini neoliberal politikalar ışığında ortaya koyarak Türkiye örneği üzerinden eleştirisini yapmaktır.

Keywords

Yerel Yönetimler Küreselleşme Yerelleşme Borçlanma Yerel Kredi Piyasası

References

  • AHMAD, J. (1999), “Decentralizing Borrowing Powers,” PREM Notes (Washington DC, World Bank) <http://www1.worldbank.org/prem/PREMNotes/premnote15.pdf> (26.12.2004).
  • BIRD, R. M. / EBEL, R. D. / WALLICH, C. I. (2000), “Fiscal Decentralization: From Command to Market,” Paper prepared for Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations and Local Financial Management (Kazakhstan, Almaty: 17-21 April 2000) <http://www1.worldbank.org/ wbiep/decentralization/Courses/Almaty/wallich.pdf> (26.12.2004).
  • ÇINAR, T. / GÜLER, B. A. (2004), Yerel Maliye Sistemi (Ankara: TODAİE). ÇOKER, Z. (1997), “İller Bankası ve Yerel Yönetimler,” Çağdaş Yerel Yönetimler (Cilt 6, Sayı 2): 34-45.
  • DARCHE, B. (1997), “Financing Mechanisms at the Subnational Level in Emerging Markets Borrowings and Privatizations/Concessions,” Infrastructure Notes <http://www. worldbank.org/html/fpd/urban/publicat/rd-fm9-htm> (24.2.2001).
  • DOĞANYİĞİT, S. (1999), “Belediyelerin Dış Borçlanmaları,” Çağdaş Yerel Yönetimler (Cilt 8, Sayı 2): 75-81.
  • EL DAHER, S. (1997a), “Municipal Bond Markets Experience of the USA,” Infrastructure Notes Urban No. FM-8a (Washington DC: World Bank) <http://www.worldbank.org/html/ fpd/urban publicat/rd-fm8a.htm > (26.12.2004).
  • EL DAHER, S. (1997b), “Municipal Bond Markets: Prospects for Developing Countries,” Infrastructure Notes Urban No. FM-8b, (Washington DC: World Bank) <http://www.worldbank.org/html/fpd/urban/ publicat/rd-fm8b.htm> (26.12.2004).
  • EL DAHER, S. (1999), “Credit Ratings: An Introduction – and the Case of Sub-sovereign Ratings–,” Infrastructure Notes Urban No. FM-8c, (Washington DC: World Bank) <http://www.worldbank.org/html/fpd/urban/publicat/rd-fm8c.htm> (26.12.2004).
  • EL DAHER, S. (2000), “Specialized Financial Intermediaries for Local Governments: A Marketbased Tool for Local Infrastructure Finance,” Infrastructure Notes Urban No. FM-8d, (Washington DC: World Bank) <http://www.worldbank.org/html/fpd/urban/publicat/ fm8d.pdf> (26.12.2004).
  • ESEN, H. (1998), “Yerel Yönetimlerde Dış Borçlanma ve Sonuçları,” Çağdaş Yerel Yönetimler (Cilt 7, Sayı 3): 3-15.
  • FREIRE, M. / PETERSEN, J. vd. (2004), Subnational Capital Markets in Developing Countries: From Theory to Practice (Washington: The World Bank, Oxford University Press).
  • GÖRER, N. (2002), “İçmesuyu ve Kanalizasyon Hizmetleri Sunumu Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme,” Yerel Yönetimler Sempozyumu Bildirileri, 1-2 Kasım 2000 (Ankara: TODAİE).
  • GURENKO, E. / INEL, B. / NOEL M. (2000), “Developing Sub-national Debt Markets in Europe and Central Asia: Policy Issues and Challenges,” Paper prepared for the Global Conference on Sub-national Capital Market Development in Developing Countries (New York: 2000) <http://www.worldbank.org/html.fpd/urban/cmd/conference/ N18.doc > (23.02.2001).
  • GÜLER, B. A. (1996), Yeni Sağ ve Devletin Değişimi: Yapısal Uyarlama Politikaları (Ankara: TODAİE).
  • GÜLER, B. A. (1997), “Yerel Yönetimler ve Dış Borçlanma,” Çağdaş Yerel Yönetimler (Cilt 6, Sayı 2): 20-30.
  • HACKWORTH, J. (2002), “Local Autonomy, Bond-Rating Agencies and Neoliberal Urbanism in the United States,” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research (Vol.26, No: 4): 707-725.
  • HARWOOD, A. (2000), “Building Local Bond Markets: Some Issues and Actions,” HARWOOD, A. (Ed.), Building Local Bond Markets An Asian Perspective (Washington DC: IFC).
  • HAZİNE MÜSTEŞARLIĞI (2004), Kamu Borç Yönetimi Raporu (Ankara: Hazine Müsteşarlığı).
  • İLLER BANKASI (2003), 2002 Yılı Faaliyet Raporu (Ankara: İller Bankası).
  • İLLER BANKASI (2001), İller Bankasının 67 Yılı (Ankara: İller Bankası).
  • KOLKER, J. (2000), Municipal Bonds: Facilitating Direct Municipal Access to Private Capital <http://www.worldbank.org/html/fpd/urban/cmd/conference/N4. doc> (23.2.2001).
  • KOPANYI, M. / EL DAHER, S. / WETZEL, D. vd. (2000), “Hungary: Modernizing the Subnational Government System,” World Bank Discussion Paper No: 417 (Washington DC: World Bank).
  • LEIGLAND, J. (1997), “Accelerating Municipal Bond Market Development in Emerging Economies: An Assesment of Strategies and Progress,” Public Budgeting & Finance (Summer: Vol.17, No: 2): 57-80.
  • LITVACK, J. / AHMAD J. / BIRD R. (1998), “Rethinking Decentralization in Developing Countries,” Sector Studies Series (Washington DC: World Bank) <http://www1.worldbank.org/ publicsector/decentralization/RethinkingDecentralization.pdf> (15.01.2004).
  • McLURE, C. E. / MARTINEZ-VASQUEZ, J. (1999), “The Assignment of Revenues and Expenditures in Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations,” Paper prepared for Symposium on Fiscal Decentralization (Ermenistan, Erivan: 20-21 Nisan 1999) <http://www1. worldbank.org/wbiep/ decentralization/Armenia> (17.08.2000).
  • NOEL, M., (2001), “Building Sub-National Debt Markets in Developping and Transition Countries: A Framework for Analysis, Policy Reform, An Assistance Strategy,” <http://wbcu.car.chula.ac.th/papers/worldbank/wps2339.pdf > (13.03.2004).
  • PETERSEN, J. E. (2000), “Subnational Debt, Borrowing Process, and Creditworthiness,” Paper prepared for Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations and Local Financial Management (Kazakistan, Almaty: 17-21 Nisan 2000) <http://www1.worldbank.org/wbiep/ decentralization/Courses/Almaty/john%20 petersen.pdf> (23.02.2001).
  • PETERSEN, J. E. / CRIHFIELD, J. B. (2000), “Linkages Between Local Governments and Fınancial Markets: A Tool Kit to Developing Subsovereign Credit Markets in Emerging Economies,” Paper prepared for Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations and Local Financial Management (Macaristan, Budapeşte:10-15 Nisan 2000) <http://www1.worldbank.org/wbiep/decentralization/Courses/Budapest %204.10.00/ LinkagesLocalGovtfinMarketsPetersen%20J.pdf> (23.02.2001).
  • PETERSON, G. E. (1996), “Using Municipal Development Funds To Build Municipal Credit Markets,” Paper prepared for Government of India and World Bank <http://worldbank.org. html/fpd/urban/cds/mf/creditsystem.pdf > (12.08.2001).
  • PETERSON, G. E. (2000), “Building Local Credit Systems,” UNDP / UNCHS (Habitat) / World Bank Urban Management Programme: Urban Management and Municipal Finance (Washington DC: World Bank).
  • PHELPS, P. M. (Ed) (1997), Municipal Bond Market Development in Developing Countries: The Experience of the U.S. Agency for International Development (Washington DC: USAID).
  • SCHAEFFER, M. (2000), “Municipal Budgeting,” Urban Development (Washington DC: World Bank) <http://www.worldbank.org/html/fpd/urban//publicat/001-1068.pdf> (26.12.2004).
  • SPAHN, P. B. (1999), “Decentralization, Local Government Capacity and Creditworthiness: Macroeconomic Aspects,” ECSIN Working Paper (Washington DC: World Bank) <http://www.worldbank.org/ecspf/ecsin/Papers/WP6.htm.> (06.01.2004).
  • TODAİE (1993), İller Bankası Reorganizasyon Araştırması Raporu (Ankara: TODAİE).
  • TOKİ, IULA-EMME (1993), Yerel Yönetim Bankacılığı (İstanbul: Kent).

Year 2005, Volume: 60 Issue: 4, 57 - 74, 09.02.2015

Tayfun Çınar

Abstract

References

  • AHMAD, J. (1999), “Decentralizing Borrowing Powers,” PREM Notes (Washington DC, World Bank) <http://www1.worldbank.org/prem/PREMNotes/premnote15.pdf> (26.12.2004).
  • BIRD, R. M. / EBEL, R. D. / WALLICH, C. I. (2000), “Fiscal Decentralization: From Command to Market,” Paper prepared for Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations and Local Financial Management (Kazakhstan, Almaty: 17-21 April 2000) <http://www1.worldbank.org/ wbiep/decentralization/Courses/Almaty/wallich.pdf> (26.12.2004).
  • ÇINAR, T. / GÜLER, B. A. (2004), Yerel Maliye Sistemi (Ankara: TODAİE). ÇOKER, Z. (1997), “İller Bankası ve Yerel Yönetimler,” Çağdaş Yerel Yönetimler (Cilt 6, Sayı 2): 34-45.
  • DARCHE, B. (1997), “Financing Mechanisms at the Subnational Level in Emerging Markets Borrowings and Privatizations/Concessions,” Infrastructure Notes <http://www. worldbank.org/html/fpd/urban/publicat/rd-fm9-htm> (24.2.2001).
  • DOĞANYİĞİT, S. (1999), “Belediyelerin Dış Borçlanmaları,” Çağdaş Yerel Yönetimler (Cilt 8, Sayı 2): 75-81.
  • EL DAHER, S. (1997a), “Municipal Bond Markets Experience of the USA,” Infrastructure Notes Urban No. FM-8a (Washington DC: World Bank) <http://www.worldbank.org/html/ fpd/urban publicat/rd-fm8a.htm > (26.12.2004).
  • EL DAHER, S. (1997b), “Municipal Bond Markets: Prospects for Developing Countries,” Infrastructure Notes Urban No. FM-8b, (Washington DC: World Bank) <http://www.worldbank.org/html/fpd/urban/ publicat/rd-fm8b.htm> (26.12.2004).
  • EL DAHER, S. (1999), “Credit Ratings: An Introduction – and the Case of Sub-sovereign Ratings–,” Infrastructure Notes Urban No. FM-8c, (Washington DC: World Bank) <http://www.worldbank.org/html/fpd/urban/publicat/rd-fm8c.htm> (26.12.2004).
  • EL DAHER, S. (2000), “Specialized Financial Intermediaries for Local Governments: A Marketbased Tool for Local Infrastructure Finance,” Infrastructure Notes Urban No. FM-8d, (Washington DC: World Bank) <http://www.worldbank.org/html/fpd/urban/publicat/ fm8d.pdf> (26.12.2004).
  • ESEN, H. (1998), “Yerel Yönetimlerde Dış Borçlanma ve Sonuçları,” Çağdaş Yerel Yönetimler (Cilt 7, Sayı 3): 3-15.
  • FREIRE, M. / PETERSEN, J. vd. (2004), Subnational Capital Markets in Developing Countries: From Theory to Practice (Washington: The World Bank, Oxford University Press).
  • GÖRER, N. (2002), “İçmesuyu ve Kanalizasyon Hizmetleri Sunumu Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme,” Yerel Yönetimler Sempozyumu Bildirileri, 1-2 Kasım 2000 (Ankara: TODAİE).
  • GURENKO, E. / INEL, B. / NOEL M. (2000), “Developing Sub-national Debt Markets in Europe and Central Asia: Policy Issues and Challenges,” Paper prepared for the Global Conference on Sub-national Capital Market Development in Developing Countries (New York: 2000) <http://www.worldbank.org/html.fpd/urban/cmd/conference/ N18.doc > (23.02.2001).
  • GÜLER, B. A. (1996), Yeni Sağ ve Devletin Değişimi: Yapısal Uyarlama Politikaları (Ankara: TODAİE).
  • GÜLER, B. A. (1997), “Yerel Yönetimler ve Dış Borçlanma,” Çağdaş Yerel Yönetimler (Cilt 6, Sayı 2): 20-30.
  • HACKWORTH, J. (2002), “Local Autonomy, Bond-Rating Agencies and Neoliberal Urbanism in the United States,” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research (Vol.26, No: 4): 707-725.
  • HARWOOD, A. (2000), “Building Local Bond Markets: Some Issues and Actions,” HARWOOD, A. (Ed.), Building Local Bond Markets An Asian Perspective (Washington DC: IFC).
  • HAZİNE MÜSTEŞARLIĞI (2004), Kamu Borç Yönetimi Raporu (Ankara: Hazine Müsteşarlığı).
  • İLLER BANKASI (2003), 2002 Yılı Faaliyet Raporu (Ankara: İller Bankası).
  • İLLER BANKASI (2001), İller Bankasının 67 Yılı (Ankara: İller Bankası).
  • KOLKER, J. (2000), Municipal Bonds: Facilitating Direct Municipal Access to Private Capital <http://www.worldbank.org/html/fpd/urban/cmd/conference/N4. doc> (23.2.2001).
  • KOPANYI, M. / EL DAHER, S. / WETZEL, D. vd. (2000), “Hungary: Modernizing the Subnational Government System,” World Bank Discussion Paper No: 417 (Washington DC: World Bank).
  • LEIGLAND, J. (1997), “Accelerating Municipal Bond Market Development in Emerging Economies: An Assesment of Strategies and Progress,” Public Budgeting & Finance (Summer: Vol.17, No: 2): 57-80.
  • LITVACK, J. / AHMAD J. / BIRD R. (1998), “Rethinking Decentralization in Developing Countries,” Sector Studies Series (Washington DC: World Bank) <http://www1.worldbank.org/ publicsector/decentralization/RethinkingDecentralization.pdf> (15.01.2004).
  • McLURE, C. E. / MARTINEZ-VASQUEZ, J. (1999), “The Assignment of Revenues and Expenditures in Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations,” Paper prepared for Symposium on Fiscal Decentralization (Ermenistan, Erivan: 20-21 Nisan 1999) <http://www1. worldbank.org/wbiep/ decentralization/Armenia> (17.08.2000).
  • NOEL, M., (2001), “Building Sub-National Debt Markets in Developping and Transition Countries: A Framework for Analysis, Policy Reform, An Assistance Strategy,” <http://wbcu.car.chula.ac.th/papers/worldbank/wps2339.pdf > (13.03.2004).
  • PETERSEN, J. E. (2000), “Subnational Debt, Borrowing Process, and Creditworthiness,” Paper prepared for Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations and Local Financial Management (Kazakistan, Almaty: 17-21 Nisan 2000) <http://www1.worldbank.org/wbiep/ decentralization/Courses/Almaty/john%20 petersen.pdf> (23.02.2001).
  • PETERSEN, J. E. / CRIHFIELD, J. B. (2000), “Linkages Between Local Governments and Fınancial Markets: A Tool Kit to Developing Subsovereign Credit Markets in Emerging Economies,” Paper prepared for Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations and Local Financial Management (Macaristan, Budapeşte:10-15 Nisan 2000) <http://www1.worldbank.org/wbiep/decentralization/Courses/Budapest %204.10.00/ LinkagesLocalGovtfinMarketsPetersen%20J.pdf> (23.02.2001).
  • PETERSON, G. E. (1996), “Using Municipal Development Funds To Build Municipal Credit Markets,” Paper prepared for Government of India and World Bank <http://worldbank.org. html/fpd/urban/cds/mf/creditsystem.pdf > (12.08.2001).
  • PETERSON, G. E. (2000), “Building Local Credit Systems,” UNDP / UNCHS (Habitat) / World Bank Urban Management Programme: Urban Management and Municipal Finance (Washington DC: World Bank).
  • PHELPS, P. M. (Ed) (1997), Municipal Bond Market Development in Developing Countries: The Experience of the U.S. Agency for International Development (Washington DC: USAID).
  • SCHAEFFER, M. (2000), “Municipal Budgeting,” Urban Development (Washington DC: World Bank) <http://www.worldbank.org/html/fpd/urban//publicat/001-1068.pdf> (26.12.2004).
  • SPAHN, P. B. (1999), “Decentralization, Local Government Capacity and Creditworthiness: Macroeconomic Aspects,” ECSIN Working Paper (Washington DC: World Bank) <http://www.worldbank.org/ecspf/ecsin/Papers/WP6.htm.> (06.01.2004).
  • TODAİE (1993), İller Bankası Reorganizasyon Araştırması Raporu (Ankara: TODAİE).
  • TOKİ, IULA-EMME (1993), Yerel Yönetim Bankacılığı (İstanbul: Kent).
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Tayfun Çınar

Publication Date February 9, 2015
Submission Date February 9, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2005 Volume: 60 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Çınar, T. (2015). KENTSEL ALTYAPI FİNANSMAN MODELİ OLARAK YEREL KREDİ PİYASASI SİSTEMİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 60(4), 57-74.
AMA Çınar T. KENTSEL ALTYAPI FİNANSMAN MODELİ OLARAK YEREL KREDİ PİYASASI SİSTEMİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ. SBF Dergisi. February 2015;60(4):57-74.
Chicago Çınar, Tayfun. “KENTSEL ALTYAPI FİNANSMAN MODELİ OLARAK YEREL KREDİ PİYASASI SİSTEMİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ”. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi 60, no. 4 (February 2015): 57-74.
EndNote Çınar T (February 1, 2015) KENTSEL ALTYAPI FİNANSMAN MODELİ OLARAK YEREL KREDİ PİYASASI SİSTEMİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi 60 4 57–74.
IEEE T. Çınar, “KENTSEL ALTYAPI FİNANSMAN MODELİ OLARAK YEREL KREDİ PİYASASI SİSTEMİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ”, SBF Dergisi, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 57–74, 2015.
ISNAD Çınar, Tayfun. “KENTSEL ALTYAPI FİNANSMAN MODELİ OLARAK YEREL KREDİ PİYASASI SİSTEMİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ”. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi 60/4 (February 2015), 57-74.
JAMA Çınar T. KENTSEL ALTYAPI FİNANSMAN MODELİ OLARAK YEREL KREDİ PİYASASI SİSTEMİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ. SBF Dergisi. 2015;60:57–74.
MLA Çınar, Tayfun. “KENTSEL ALTYAPI FİNANSMAN MODELİ OLARAK YEREL KREDİ PİYASASI SİSTEMİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ”. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, vol. 60, no. 4, 2015, pp. 57-74.
Vancouver Çınar T. KENTSEL ALTYAPI FİNANSMAN MODELİ OLARAK YEREL KREDİ PİYASASI SİSTEMİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ. SBF Dergisi. 2015;60(4):57-74.