Latin Amerika Tarımında Neoliberal Dönüşüm ve Karşı Hareketler: Brezilya MST (Topraksız Kır İşçileri) Hareketi Örneği

Year 2024, Volume: 79 Issue: 4, 799 - 816, 12.12.2024

Serkan Çelik

https://doi.org/10.33630/ausbf.1288096

Abstract

Latin Amerika’da toplumsal hareketler neredeyse kıtanın tamamını kaplayan ve tarım, üretim, mülkiyet talepleri ile şekillenen bir yapıya sahiptir. Brezilya’da da farklı çiftçi ve tarım hareketleri etkinlik göstermiş ancak ülke çapında örgütlü bir hale gelememiştir. MST hareketi ülke çapında örgütlenen, üretim, planlama, yaşam, tüketim ve bölüşüm ilişkilerinin tamamına ilişkin hedef ve planları içeren toplumsal hareket olmuştur. Bu çalışmada Brezilya’da faaliyet gösteren MST hareketinin tarihçesi, mücadele süreçleri ve uygulama alanlarının tarım sermayesi ve neoliberal politikalar karşısındaki konumlanışını incelemek temel amaçtır. Hareketin geçirdiği süreçlerde halklar, gruplar, politik yapılar ile etkileşimleri farklı dönemlerde uygulamaya koydukları politikaları ve bunun tarımsal üretim, işgücü ve toplumsal yaşama etkileri de incelenen konular olmuştur.

Keywords

MST, Topraksız kır işçileri, Tarım, Toplumsal hareketler, Neoliberalizm

NEOLIBERAL TRANSFORMATION AND COUNTER-MOVEMENTS IN LATIN AMERICAN AGRICULTURE: THE CASE OF THE BRAZILIAN MST (LANDLESS RURAL WORKERS) MOVEMENT

Abstract

Social movements in Latin America span practically the whole continent and are driven by agricultural, production, and property concerns. Different farmers' and agricultural movements in Brazil have been active, but they have not been able to organize on a national scale. The MST movement has evolved into a nationwide social movement with aims and strategies for all aspects of production, planning, living, consumption, and distribution. The primary goal of this research is to investigate the history of the MST movement in Brazil, its struggles, and the positioning of its fields of activity in the face of agricultural capital and neoliberal policies. The interaction of the movement with peoples, groups, and governmental institutions in the processes it has undergone, the policies it has implemented at various points in time, and the impact on agricultural productivity, labor, and social life have all been investigated.

Keywords

MST, Landless Rural Workers, Agriculture, Social Movements, Noliberalism

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