Evaluation of the Relationship between Emotional Appetite, Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, and Metabolic Control Parameters in Individiuals with Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

Aim: The Mediterranean diet, which is considered one of the healthiest diet models, and emotional appetite control are thought to facilitate diabetes management. In this study, it was aimed to examine the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet, emotional appetite, and metabolic control parameters in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Subjects and Method: The study was conducted with 101 volunteer T2DM patients aged 19-64 years who were diagnosed at least one year ago. In addition to a questionnaire including demographic characteristics, health status, anthropometric measurements and disease-related biochemical parameters, Mediterranean Diet Compliance Scale, Emotional Appetite Questionnaire (EMAQ), and International Physical Activity Questionnaire were administered to the patients. p value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant for statistical tests. Results: The haemoglobin a1c (HbA1c) which is an indicator of metabolic control, fasting blood glucose and body mass index (BMI) levels of the patients with high adherence to the Mediterranean diet were found to be significantly lower than incompatible groups (p<0.05). Waist circumference of patients with high adherence to the Mediterranean diet was found to be lower than those with acceptable compliance (p<0.05). Emotional eating positive status mean and total positive score mean of male patients was higher than female patients (p<0.05). Positive correlations were found between EMAQ positive total score and HbA1c and fasting blood glucose, and again weak and moderate correlations were found between positive total scores and BMI (p<0.05). Conclusion: Emotional appetite, which develops in response to emotions and causes overeating, complicates body weight loss in T2DM patients and increases the risk of obesity. Therefore, emotional appetite status should be considered in individuals with T2DM, taking into account the psychological aspect of nutrition. In addition, positive effects on T2DM biomarkers and anthropometric measurements are observed with adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Therefore, adherence to the Mediterranean diet should be increased in the medical nutrition treatment of individuals with T2DM.

Keywords

• Mediterranean diet
• emotional appetite
• type 2 diabetes

Tip 2 Diyabetli Bireylerde Duygusal İştah, Akdeniz Diyetine Uyum ve Metabolik Kontrol Parametreleri Arasındaki İlişkinin Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Sağlıklı diyet modellerinden biri olarak kabul edilen Akdeniz diyetinin ve duygusal iştah kontrolünün diyabet yönetimini kolaylaştıracağı düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, tip 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) hastalarında Akdeniz diyetine uyum, duygusal iştah ve metabolik kontrol parametreleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Örneklem ve Yöntem: Çalışma en az bir yıl önce tanı alan 19-64 yaş arası gönüllü 101 T2DM hastası ile yürütülmüştür. Hastalara demografik özellikler, sağlık durumları, antropometrik ölçümler ve hastalık ile ilişkili biyokimyasal parametreleri kapsayan bir anket formuna ek olarak Akdeniz Diyeti Uyum Ölçeği, Duygusal İştah Anketi (DİA) ve Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi uygulanmıştır. İstatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyi p<0.05 olarak alınmıştır. Bulgular: Akdeniz diyetine uyumu yüksek olan hastalarda metabolik kontrolün göstergesi olan hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), açlık kan glukozu ve beden kütle indeksi (BKİ) düzeyleri, uyumsuz olanlara göre anlamlı düzeyde düşük bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Akdeniz diyetine yüksek uyumlu hastaların bel çevresi ise kabul edilebilir düzeyde uyumlu olanlara göre düşük bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Erkek hastaların duygusal yemek yeme pozitif durum ortalamaları ve toplam pozitif puan ortalamaları kadın hastalardan daha yüksektir (p<0.05). DİA pozitif toplam puan ile HbA1c ve açlık kan glukozu arasında pozitif yönlü ve yine pozitif toplam puan ile BKİ ve bel çevresi arasında negatif yönlü zayıf ve orta düzey ilişkiler saptanmıştır (p<0.05). Sonuç: Duygulara karşılık olarak gelişen ve aşırı yemeye neden olan duygusal iştah, T2DM hastalarında vücut ağırlığı kaybını zorlaştırmakta ve obezite riskini arttırmaktadır. Bu nedenle T2DM’li bireylerde, beslenmenin psikolojik yönü de dikkate alınarak, duygusal iştah durumları sorgulanmalıdır. Ayrıca Akdeniz diyetine uyum ile T2DM’nin biyobelirteçleri ve antropometrik ölçümler üzerine olumlu etkiler gözlenmektedir. Bu nedenle T2DM’li bireylerin tıbbi beslenme tedavisinde Akdeniz diyetine uyum arttırmalıdır.

Keywords

• Akdeniz diyeti
• duygusal iştah
• tip 2 diyabet

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