19. YÜZYILIN SONUNDA OSMANLI LİMANLARINDA TİCARİ HAYATIN BELİRLEYENLERİ

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 21, 315 - 346, 15.03.2020

Mehmet Çetin

https://doi.org/10.33692/avrasyad.650139

Cited By: 1

Öz

19. yüzyıl Osmanlı Devleti’nin en uzun yüzyılı olarak nitelenmektedir.
Özellikle de yüzyılın ikinci yarısında meydana gelen eko-politik olayların
yoğunluğu ve önemi, devletin iktisadi ve siyasi kaderini tayin etmesi açısından
oldukça dikkat çekicidir. Kırım Savaşı’nın akabinde başlayan borçlanma
furyasının kapitalizmin ilk küresel bunalımı olan 1873-96 Bunalımı ile birlikte
mali bir iflasla sonuçlanması, Osmanlı Devleti’nin en büyük toprak parçasını
kaybettiği savaş olan 1877/78 Osmanlı - Rus Harbi ve Duyun-u Umumiye ve benzeri
ekonomi üzerindeki yabancı denetimini temsil eden örgütler, bu dönemin
belirleyici unsurlarıdır. 19. yüzyılda aynı zamanda Osmanlı Devleti’nin dış
ticareti de yapısal bir dönüşüm geçirmiştir. O döneme kadar Osmanlı dış
ticaretinde sınırlı bir paya sahip olan Batılı ülkeler, Sanayi Devrimi’nin de
etkisiyle birlikte kapitalizmin çevre ülkelere yayılması sürecinde ikili ticari
anlaşmalar vasıtasıyla Osmanlı dış ticaretindeki paylarını artırmışlar ve
Osmanlı Devleti ile hammadde ve mamul mal değiş tokuşuna dayalı yeni bir ticari
düzen oluşturmuşlardır. Bu çalışmada söz konusu süreçlerin ve eko-politik
gelişmelerin Osmanlı dış ticaretinde önemli role sahip olan İzmir, Trabzon,
Selanik ve Beyrut limanlarındaki iktisadi ve ticari faaliyetlere olan etkisi ve
bu bağlamda ilgili limanlarda ticari hayatın nasıl bir gelişim seyri izlediği İngiliz
konsül raporları üzerinden ele alınacaktır. Böylelikle bu dönemde meydana gelen
olayların Osmanlı ticareti üzerindeki etkisinin mikro düzeyde incelenmesi
amaçlanmaktadır.      

Anahtar Kelimeler

Osmanlı Devleti, 19. Yüzyıl, Dış ticaret

Kaynakça

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