AVUSTURYA BASININA GÖRE AVUSTURYA’NIN İŞGALİ (ANSCHLUSS 1938)

Year 2025, Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 1091 - 1129, 29.12.2025

Ersel Kiraz

https://doi.org/10.54688/ayd.1748604

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Nazi Almanya’sının 1938 yılında Avusturya’yı ilhakı olarak bilinen Anschluss sürecinin, Avusturya basınında nasıl sunulduğunu analiz etmektedir. Literatürde siyasi, askeri ve ideolojik yönleriyle sıkça ele alınan Anschluss’un, dönemin gazeteleri aracılığıyla kamuoyuna nasıl aktarıldığı ve meşrulaştırıldığı bu çalışmanın temel odak noktasıdır. Das Kleine Volksblatt, Kronen Zeitung, Neues Wiener Journal gibi önde gelen Avusturya gazeteleri üzerinden yapılan içerik analizinde, Nazi propagandasının ortak söylemleri dikkat çekmektedir: “tarihi zafer”, “kurtuluş”, “halkın iradesi” ve “kaçınılmaz kader” gibi ifadeler, ilhakın meşru ve halk destekli bir gelişme olduğu algısını kurgulamıştır. Çalışmada, Nazi rejiminin propaganda araçlarını basın üzerinden nasıl etkin şekilde kullandığı gösterilmiş; askeri müdahale, kitlesel baskı ve sansür olguları göz ardı edilerek, ilhak süreci halkın doğal isteği gibi sunulmuştur. Ayrıca, bazı gazetelerin Katolik kesim ve milliyetçi duyguları kullanarak birleşmeye dini ve kültürel bir meşruiyet kazandırmaya çalıştığı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, basın, Nazi Almanya’sının politik hedefleri doğrultusunda halkı yönlendiren ideolojik bir aygıt işlevi görmüş, Anschluss’un propagandist bir çerçevede sunulmasına katkı sağlamıştır.

Keywords

Gazetecilik , Medya , Basın , İşgal , Basın Tarihi

THE OCCUPATION OF AUSTRIA ACCORDING TO THE AUSTRIAN PRESS (ANSCHLUSS 1938)

Abstract

This study investigates how the 1938 annexation of Austria by Nazi Germanycommonly referred to as the Anschlusswas represented in the Austrian press. While previous scholarship has primarily examined the Anschluss through political, military, and ideological lenses, this research focuses on the ways it was legitimized and communicated to the public via contemporary newspapers. A content analysis of leading dailies such as Das Kleine Volksblatt, Kronen Zeitung, and Neues Wiener Journal reveals recurring motifs in Nazi propaganda: terms like “historic victory,” “liberation,” “will of the people,” and “inevitable destiny” were frequently employed to present the annexation as both legitimate and widely supported. The study demonstrates that Nazi Germany effectively utilized the press as a propaganda instrument, concealing military intervention, societal coercion, and censorship, and instead portraying the annexation as the genuine will of the Austrian people. Furthermore, certain newspapers sought to reinforce the unification’s legitimacy by invoking Catholic identity and nationalist sentiment. Ultimately, the press served as an ideological tool aligned with Nazi Germany’s political objectives, contributing to the propagandistic framing of the Anschluss.

Keywords

Journalis , Media , Press , Annexation , Press History

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