Research Article
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On the Trail of a Traditional Flavour: Pastırma and Its Use in Professional Kitchens

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 469 - 485, 10.07.2025

Abstract

The aim of this research is to evaluate the use of Pastırma, a traditional product of Turkish cuisine, in professional kitchens. The study adopts a qualitative research method and is designed as a case study. Focus group interviews were conducted with 24 chefs from across Türkiye, selected through maximum variation sampling, and the data were analyzed using content analysis. The findings indicate that pastırma holds an important place in traditional cuisine and is creatively utilized by chefs in a variety of dishes. It is shown that pastırma is not limited to traditional meals but can also be integrated into modern and international recipes. The study concludes that pastırma plays a vital role in preserving cultural identity, has innovative potential in professional kitchens, and requires stronger international promotion through marketing activities.

Ethical Statement

Etik belgesi ek olarak eklenmiştir.

References

  • Adeyeye, S. A. O. (2016). Quality and safety assessment of sun dried meat product (kundi) from Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria. Cogent Food and Agriculture, 2(1),1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2016.1209074.
  • Álvarez, S., Álvarez, C., Hamill, R., Mullen, A. M., O'Neill, E. (2021). Drying dynamics of meat highlighting areas of relevance to dry‐aging of beef. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 20(6), 5370–5392. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541­4337.12845.
  • Anıl, N. (1988). Türk Pastırması: Modern yapım tekniğinin geliştirilmesi ve vakumla paketlenerek saklanması. Selçuk Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi,4(1), 363–375. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/eurasianjvetsci/issue/24986/263716
  • Aykın Dinçer, E. (2023). Dried meat products obtained by different methods from past to present. Food Reviews International, 39(5), 2457–2476. https://doi.org/10.1080/87559129.2021.1956944.
  • Bennett, J. W. (1943). Food and social status in a rural society. American Sociology Review,8(5), 561–569.
  • Bryman, A., (2012). Social research methods (Fourth edition). Oxford University Press, https://ktpu.kpi.ua/wp­content/uploads/2014/02/social­research­methods­alan­bryman.pdf
  • Çakıcı, N., Aksu, M. İ., Erdemir, E. (2015). A survey of the physico­–chemical and microbiological quality of different Pastırma types: A dry cured meat product. CyTA­Journal of Food, 13(2), 196–203. https://doi.org/10.1080/19476337.2014.938123.
  • Çokluk, Ö., Yılmaz, K.,Oğuz, E. (2011). A Qualitative interview method: Focus group interview. Journal of Theoretical Educational Science, 4(1), 95–107.https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/akukeg/issue/29342/313994
  • Creswell, J.W. (2018). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Edmunds, H. (2000). The focus group research handbook. McGraw-Hill.
  • Eke, M. O., Ariahu, C. C., Okonkwo, T. M. (2012). Production and quality evaluation of DambunamaA Nigerian dried meat product. Nigerian Food Journal,30(2), 66–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0189­7241(15)30037­0.
  • Food and Agriculture Organization. (1990). Manual on simple methods of meat preservation. FAO Animal Production and Health Paper 79.https://www.fao.org/3/x6932e/X6932E00.htm
  • Fraqueza, M. J., Laranjo, M., Elias, M., Patarata, L., (2021). Microbiological hazards associated with salt and nitrite reduction in cured meat products: Control strategies based on antimicrobial effect of natural ingredients and protective microbiota. Current Opinion in Food Science, 38, 32–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cofs.2020.10.027.
  • Gailani, M. B., Fung, D. Y., Kraft, A. A. (1987). Critical review of water activities and microbiology of drying of meats. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 25(2), 159–183. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398709527450.
  • Gökalp, H.Y., Kaya, M., Zorba, Ö. (2002). Et ürünleri işleme mühendisliği. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları.
  • Jones, M. J., Tanya, V. N., Mbofung, C. M. F., Fonkem, D. N., Silverside, D. E. (2001). A microbiological and nutritional evaluation of the West African dried meat product, Kilishi. Journal of Food Technology in Africa, 6(4), 126–129. https://doi.org/10.4314/jfta.v6i4.19304.
  • Kırkyol, M., Akköse, A. (2023). Investigation of textural and physicochemical changes during the manufacturing process of Pastırma, a dry–cured meat product. Food Science and Technology International, 29(7), 739–747. https://doi.org/10.1177/10820132221112736.
  • Kök, F. (2003). Pastırma üretim teknolojisini geliştirme çabaları. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi,22(1),109–114.
  • Krueger, R.A. (1998). Moderating focus group: What need to do during focus group, https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781483328133.n4
  • Leung F.K., Savithiri, R. (2009). Spotlight on focus groups. Canadian Family Physician, 55(2), 218–219. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2642503/
  • Merriam, S.B. (2018). Nitel araştırma desen ve uygulama için bir rehber. Nobel Akademik Yayımcılık. Metin, B., Toy, A. (2023). Dynamics of lactic acid bacteria during pastırma production. Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, 12(4), 9071–9071. https://doi.org/10.55251/jmbfs.9071.
  • Mishra, B., Mishra, J., Pati, P., Rath, P. (2017). Dehydrated meat products: A review. International Journal of Livestock Research,7(22), 10–22. https://doi.org/10.5455/ijlr.20170812035616.
  • Mutlu, S., Çılgınoğlu, H. (2020). Gastronomi turizmi kapsamında yöresel ürünlerin geliştirilmesi: Kastamonu Pastırması örneği. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies,10(4), 3034–3054. https://doi.org/10.21325/jotags.2022.1129.
  • Morgan, D. L., Spanish, M. T. (1984). Focus groups: A new tool for qualitative research. Qualitative Sociology, 7(3), 253–270. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF00987314.pdf
  • Nymunba, T.O., Wilson, K., Derrick, J.C., Mukherjee, N. (2017). The use of focus group discussion methodology: Insights from two decades of application in conservation, Methods in Ecology and Evolution,9(1), 20–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041­210x.12860.
  • Onwuegbuzie, A.J., Dickinson, W.B., Leech, N.L., Zoran, A.G. (2009). A qualitative framework for collecting and analyzing data in focus group research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 8(3), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406909008003.
  • Öz, E., Kaya, M. (2019). The proteolytic changes in two different types of Pastırma during the production. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation,43(8), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.14042.
  • Özbay Doğu, S., Sarıçoban, C. (2015). Et kurutma teknolojisi ve dünyada tüketilen bazı kurutulmuş et ürünleri. Journal of Food and Health Science, 1(3), 109–123. https://doi.org/10.3153/JFHS15011.
  • Petit, T., Caro, Y., Petit, A. S., Santchurn, S. J., Collignan, A. (2014). Physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of biltong, a traditional salted dried meat of South Africa. Meat Science,96(3), 1313–1317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.11.003.
  • Ratsimba, A., Rakoto, D., Jeannoda, V., Andriamampianina, H., Talon, R., Leroy, S.,Grabulos, J., Arnaud, E., (2019). Physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of kitoza, a traditional salted/dried/smoked meat product of Madagascar. Food Science and Nutrition,7(8), 2666–2673. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.1122.
  • Sarıipek, S., Çevik, S. (2020). Oraların nesi meşhur: Şehir pazarlamasında coğrafi işaret tescilli ürünler. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches,16(32), 4907–4938. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.772918.
  • Şahin, Ş., Bir, A.A., Suher, H. K. (2009). Odak grup yönetimi: Uygulamacılar açısından bir değerlendirme. Galatasaray Üniversitesi İletişim Dergisi,11(11), 51–74. https://iletisimdergisi.gsu.edu.tr/tr/pub/issue/7368/96467
  • Temelli, S. (2011). Geleneksel yöntemlerle üretilen kurutulmuş et ürünleri. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi,30(2), 61–66. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/uluvfd/issue/13519/163537
  • Türk Patent ve Marka Kurumu (2024). Coğrafi İşaret Portalı: Pastırma. Retrieved March 18, 2024, from https://ci.turkpatent.gov.tr/cografiisaretler/liste?il=andtur=andurunGrubu=andadi=past%C4%B1rma
  • Türk Patent ve Marka Kurumu (2022). Kayseri Pastırması.Retrieved March 10, 2024, from https://ci.turkpatent.gov.tr/Files/GeographicalSigns/b344d02f­ab5e­4a1f­a720ac490273d9f1.pdf
  • Türker, N., Türkmen, M., Caymaz, E. (2019). Geleneksel bir ürün olarak Kastamonu Pastırması. Gastroia: Journal of Gastronomy and Travel Research3(2), 264–277. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/gastoria/issue/44196/527286
  • Yalınkılıç, B., Kaban, G., Kaya, M. (2023). Effect of sodium replacement on the quality characteristics of pastırma (a dry­cured meat product). Food Science and Human Wellness,12(1), 266–274.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2022.07.007.
  • Zadravec M, Vahčić N, Brnić D, Markov K, Frece J, Beck R, Lešić T, Pleadin J. (2020). A study of surface moulds and mycotoxins in Croatian traditional dry­cured meat products. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 317,1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.108459.

Geleneksel Bir Lezzetin İzinde: Pastırma ve Profesyonel Mutfaklarda Kullanımı

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 469 - 485, 10.07.2025

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Türk mutfağının geleneksel bir ürünü olan pastırmanın profesyonel mutfaklarda kullanımını değerlendirmektir. Çalışma nitel araştırma yöntemini benimsemiş olup bir vaka çalışması olarak tasarlanmıştır. Odak grup görüşmeleri, maksimum çeşitlilik örneklemesi yoluyla seçilen Türkiye genelindeki 24 şefle yapılmış ve veriler içerik analizi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, pastırmaların geleneksel mutfakta önemli bir yere sahip olduğunu ve şefler tarafından çeşitli yemeklerde yaratıcı bir şekilde kullanıldığını göstermektedir. Pastırmanın yalnızca geleneksel yemeklerle sınırlı olmadığı, aynı zamanda modern ve uluslararası tariflere de entegre edilebileceği gösterilmiştir. Pastırmaların kültürel kimliğin korunmasında hayati bir rol oynadığı, profesyonel mutfaklarda yenilikçi bir potansiyele sahip olduğu ve pazarlama faaliyetleri yoluyla daha güçlü bir uluslararası tanıtıma ihtiyaç duyduğu sonucuna varmıştır.

References

  • Adeyeye, S. A. O. (2016). Quality and safety assessment of sun dried meat product (kundi) from Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria. Cogent Food and Agriculture, 2(1),1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2016.1209074.
  • Álvarez, S., Álvarez, C., Hamill, R., Mullen, A. M., O'Neill, E. (2021). Drying dynamics of meat highlighting areas of relevance to dry‐aging of beef. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 20(6), 5370–5392. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541­4337.12845.
  • Anıl, N. (1988). Türk Pastırması: Modern yapım tekniğinin geliştirilmesi ve vakumla paketlenerek saklanması. Selçuk Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi,4(1), 363–375. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/eurasianjvetsci/issue/24986/263716
  • Aykın Dinçer, E. (2023). Dried meat products obtained by different methods from past to present. Food Reviews International, 39(5), 2457–2476. https://doi.org/10.1080/87559129.2021.1956944.
  • Bennett, J. W. (1943). Food and social status in a rural society. American Sociology Review,8(5), 561–569.
  • Bryman, A., (2012). Social research methods (Fourth edition). Oxford University Press, https://ktpu.kpi.ua/wp­content/uploads/2014/02/social­research­methods­alan­bryman.pdf
  • Çakıcı, N., Aksu, M. İ., Erdemir, E. (2015). A survey of the physico­–chemical and microbiological quality of different Pastırma types: A dry cured meat product. CyTA­Journal of Food, 13(2), 196–203. https://doi.org/10.1080/19476337.2014.938123.
  • Çokluk, Ö., Yılmaz, K.,Oğuz, E. (2011). A Qualitative interview method: Focus group interview. Journal of Theoretical Educational Science, 4(1), 95–107.https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/akukeg/issue/29342/313994
  • Creswell, J.W. (2018). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Edmunds, H. (2000). The focus group research handbook. McGraw-Hill.
  • Eke, M. O., Ariahu, C. C., Okonkwo, T. M. (2012). Production and quality evaluation of DambunamaA Nigerian dried meat product. Nigerian Food Journal,30(2), 66–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0189­7241(15)30037­0.
  • Food and Agriculture Organization. (1990). Manual on simple methods of meat preservation. FAO Animal Production and Health Paper 79.https://www.fao.org/3/x6932e/X6932E00.htm
  • Fraqueza, M. J., Laranjo, M., Elias, M., Patarata, L., (2021). Microbiological hazards associated with salt and nitrite reduction in cured meat products: Control strategies based on antimicrobial effect of natural ingredients and protective microbiota. Current Opinion in Food Science, 38, 32–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cofs.2020.10.027.
  • Gailani, M. B., Fung, D. Y., Kraft, A. A. (1987). Critical review of water activities and microbiology of drying of meats. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 25(2), 159–183. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398709527450.
  • Gökalp, H.Y., Kaya, M., Zorba, Ö. (2002). Et ürünleri işleme mühendisliği. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları.
  • Jones, M. J., Tanya, V. N., Mbofung, C. M. F., Fonkem, D. N., Silverside, D. E. (2001). A microbiological and nutritional evaluation of the West African dried meat product, Kilishi. Journal of Food Technology in Africa, 6(4), 126–129. https://doi.org/10.4314/jfta.v6i4.19304.
  • Kırkyol, M., Akköse, A. (2023). Investigation of textural and physicochemical changes during the manufacturing process of Pastırma, a dry–cured meat product. Food Science and Technology International, 29(7), 739–747. https://doi.org/10.1177/10820132221112736.
  • Kök, F. (2003). Pastırma üretim teknolojisini geliştirme çabaları. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi,22(1),109–114.
  • Krueger, R.A. (1998). Moderating focus group: What need to do during focus group, https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781483328133.n4
  • Leung F.K., Savithiri, R. (2009). Spotlight on focus groups. Canadian Family Physician, 55(2), 218–219. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2642503/
  • Merriam, S.B. (2018). Nitel araştırma desen ve uygulama için bir rehber. Nobel Akademik Yayımcılık. Metin, B., Toy, A. (2023). Dynamics of lactic acid bacteria during pastırma production. Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, 12(4), 9071–9071. https://doi.org/10.55251/jmbfs.9071.
  • Mishra, B., Mishra, J., Pati, P., Rath, P. (2017). Dehydrated meat products: A review. International Journal of Livestock Research,7(22), 10–22. https://doi.org/10.5455/ijlr.20170812035616.
  • Mutlu, S., Çılgınoğlu, H. (2020). Gastronomi turizmi kapsamında yöresel ürünlerin geliştirilmesi: Kastamonu Pastırması örneği. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies,10(4), 3034–3054. https://doi.org/10.21325/jotags.2022.1129.
  • Morgan, D. L., Spanish, M. T. (1984). Focus groups: A new tool for qualitative research. Qualitative Sociology, 7(3), 253–270. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF00987314.pdf
  • Nymunba, T.O., Wilson, K., Derrick, J.C., Mukherjee, N. (2017). The use of focus group discussion methodology: Insights from two decades of application in conservation, Methods in Ecology and Evolution,9(1), 20–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041­210x.12860.
  • Onwuegbuzie, A.J., Dickinson, W.B., Leech, N.L., Zoran, A.G. (2009). A qualitative framework for collecting and analyzing data in focus group research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 8(3), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406909008003.
  • Öz, E., Kaya, M. (2019). The proteolytic changes in two different types of Pastırma during the production. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation,43(8), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.14042.
  • Özbay Doğu, S., Sarıçoban, C. (2015). Et kurutma teknolojisi ve dünyada tüketilen bazı kurutulmuş et ürünleri. Journal of Food and Health Science, 1(3), 109–123. https://doi.org/10.3153/JFHS15011.
  • Petit, T., Caro, Y., Petit, A. S., Santchurn, S. J., Collignan, A. (2014). Physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of biltong, a traditional salted dried meat of South Africa. Meat Science,96(3), 1313–1317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.11.003.
  • Ratsimba, A., Rakoto, D., Jeannoda, V., Andriamampianina, H., Talon, R., Leroy, S.,Grabulos, J., Arnaud, E., (2019). Physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of kitoza, a traditional salted/dried/smoked meat product of Madagascar. Food Science and Nutrition,7(8), 2666–2673. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.1122.
  • Sarıipek, S., Çevik, S. (2020). Oraların nesi meşhur: Şehir pazarlamasında coğrafi işaret tescilli ürünler. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches,16(32), 4907–4938. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.772918.
  • Şahin, Ş., Bir, A.A., Suher, H. K. (2009). Odak grup yönetimi: Uygulamacılar açısından bir değerlendirme. Galatasaray Üniversitesi İletişim Dergisi,11(11), 51–74. https://iletisimdergisi.gsu.edu.tr/tr/pub/issue/7368/96467
  • Temelli, S. (2011). Geleneksel yöntemlerle üretilen kurutulmuş et ürünleri. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi,30(2), 61–66. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/uluvfd/issue/13519/163537
  • Türk Patent ve Marka Kurumu (2024). Coğrafi İşaret Portalı: Pastırma. Retrieved March 18, 2024, from https://ci.turkpatent.gov.tr/cografiisaretler/liste?il=andtur=andurunGrubu=andadi=past%C4%B1rma
  • Türk Patent ve Marka Kurumu (2022). Kayseri Pastırması.Retrieved March 10, 2024, from https://ci.turkpatent.gov.tr/Files/GeographicalSigns/b344d02f­ab5e­4a1f­a720ac490273d9f1.pdf
  • Türker, N., Türkmen, M., Caymaz, E. (2019). Geleneksel bir ürün olarak Kastamonu Pastırması. Gastroia: Journal of Gastronomy and Travel Research3(2), 264–277. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/gastoria/issue/44196/527286
  • Yalınkılıç, B., Kaban, G., Kaya, M. (2023). Effect of sodium replacement on the quality characteristics of pastırma (a dry­cured meat product). Food Science and Human Wellness,12(1), 266–274.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2022.07.007.
  • Zadravec M, Vahčić N, Brnić D, Markov K, Frece J, Beck R, Lešić T, Pleadin J. (2020). A study of surface moulds and mycotoxins in Croatian traditional dry­cured meat products. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 317,1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.108459.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Gastronomy
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ebru Kemer 0000-0002-7620-6297

Nurhayat İflazoğlu 0000-0003-4736-789X

Mevlüt Ölmez 0000-0002-0473-068X

Publication Date July 10, 2025
Submission Date February 28, 2025
Acceptance Date May 11, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kemer, E., İflazoğlu, N., & Ölmez, M. (2025). On the Trail of a Traditional Flavour: Pastırma and Its Use in Professional Kitchens. Aydın Gastronomy, 9(2), 469-485.

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