The Effect of Different Sowing Dates on the Essential Oil Content and Components of Common Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) and Damascus Black Cumin (Nigella damascena L.)

İrfan Özdemir; Ahmet Yenikalaycı

doi:10.29278/azd.1791768

TR EN

Adi Çörek otu (Nigella sativa L.) ve Şam Çörek otu (Nigella damascena L.) Türlerinde Farklı Ekim Zamanı Uygulamalarının Uçucu Yağ Oranı ve Bileşenleri Üzerine Etkisi

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma Doğu Anadolu ekolojik koşullarında farklı ekim zamanlarında yetiştirilen N. sativa türü Çameli çörek otu çeşidi ve Şam çörek otu (N. damascena) türünün uçucu yağ oran ve bileşenlerini araştırmak amacı ile yürütülmüştür. Materyal ve Yöntem: Araştırmada kullanılan N. sativa Çameli çeşidi Eskişehir Geçit Kuşağı Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü’nden temin edilmiştir. N. damascena türü ise Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü’nden alınmıştır. Araştırmada tarla denemesi Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi, Uygulamalı Bilimler Fakültesi, Araştırma ve Uygulama Arazisinde 2022 üretim sezonunda yürütülmüştür. Deneme 2 farklı türde 4 farklı ekim zamanında bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Bulgular: Uçucu yağ oranı % 0.18-0.54 arasında değişmiştir. İlk üç ekim zamanında uçucu yağ oranı açısından benzer sonuçlar elde edilmiş, ancak dördüncü ekim zamanında belirgin bir düşüş kaydedilmiştir. Adi çörek otunda uçucu yağ oranı Şam çörek oyuna göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Adi çörek otunda uçucu yağ ana bileşenleri, 1,3-cyclopentadiene % 56.73 - 71.59, α-thujene % 11.92 – 18.95, longifolene % 4.29 – 6.41, terpinen-4-ol 2.46 – 5.22 %, β-pinene % 2.35 – 6.40, Şam çörek otunda uçucu yağ ana bileşenleri, β-elemene % 49.01 - 59.24, α-selinene % 18.56 – 35.41 olarak saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Uçucu yağ oranı değerleri Adi çörek otunda ekim zamanının gecikmesi ile düşüş göstermiştir. Şam çörek otunda ise üçüncü ekim zamanında (25 Mayıs) en yüksek uçucu yağ oranlarına ulaşılmıştır, daha sonraki ekimde ise sert bir düşüş göstermiştir. Adi çörek otunda ana bileşen 1,3-cyclopentadiene en yüksek değer birinci ekim zamanında (25 Nisan), Şam çörek otunda ise ana bileşen β -elemene en yüksek üçüncü ekim zamanında (25 Mayıs) tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Çörek otu, Ekim zamanı, Nigella spp., Uçucu yağ oranı, Uçucu yağ bileşenleri

The Effect of Different Sowing Dates on the Essential Oil Content and Components of Common Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) and Damascus Black Cumin (Nigella damascena L.)

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the essential oil content and composition of common black cumin and Damascus black cumin (Nigella damascena L.) species grown in different sowing dates under Eastern Anatolian ecological conditions, Muş, Türkiye. Materials and Methods: Seeds of N. sativa cv. Çameli was obtained from the Eskişehir Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute Directorate. Seeds of N. damascena were obtained from the Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Çukurova University. The field experiment was conducted at the Research and Application Field of the Faculty of Applied Sciences, Muş Alparslan University during the 2022 growing season. The experiment followed a split-plot design with three replications, including two species, and four sowing dates. Results: The essential oil content ranged from 0.18% to 0.54%. Values were similar across the first three sowing dates but decreased markedly at the fourth sowing. Essential oil content was higher in common black cumin compared to Damascus black cumin. Major essential oil of components of common black cumin were 1,3-cyclopentadiene (56.73–71.59%), α-thujene (11.92–18.95%), longifolene (4.29–6.41%), terpinen-4-ol (2.46–5.22%), and β-pinene (2.35–6.40%). In Damascus black cumin β-elemene (49.01–59.24%) and α-selinene (18.56–35.41%) were identified as the dominant constituents. Conclusion: Essential oil content in of common black cumin decreased with delayed sowing while the highest essential oil content N. damascena obteined at the third sowing date (May 25), followed by a sharp decline. The major component 1,3-cyclopentadiene in common black cumin reached its maximum at the first sowing date (April 25), whereas in Damascus black cumin the major component β-elemene was highest at the third sowing date (May 25).

Keywords

Black cumin, Nigella spp., Sowing date, Essential oil content, Essential oil composition

Supporting Institution

none

Project Number

yok

Ethical Statement

not required

Thanks

We would like to thank the staff of the Directorate of the Institute of Natural Sciences at Muş Alparslan University.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

İrfan Özdemir
0000-0001-5090-6175
Türkiye

Ahmet Yenikalaycı ^*
0000-0002-4955-5723
Türkiye

Publication Date

March 23, 2026

Submission Date

October 10, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 23, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 15

DOI

https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.1791768

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA58TH85BZ

APA

Özdemir, İ., & Yenikalaycı, A. (2026). The Effect of Different Sowing Dates on the Essential Oil Content and Components of Common Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) and Damascus Black Cumin (Nigella damascena L.). Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, 15. https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.1791768

AMA

1.Özdemir İ, Yenikalaycı A. The Effect of Different Sowing Dates on the Essential Oil Content and Components of Common Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) and Damascus Black Cumin (Nigella damascena L.). Akademik Ziraat Dergisi. 2026;15. doi:10.29278/azd.1791768

Chicago

Özdemir, İrfan, and Ahmet Yenikalaycı. 2026. “The Effect of Different Sowing Dates on the Essential Oil Content and Components of Common Black Cumin (Nigella Sativa L.) and Damascus Black Cumin (Nigella Damascena L.)”. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi 15 (March). https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.1791768.

EndNote

Özdemir İ, Yenikalaycı A (March 1, 2026) The Effect of Different Sowing Dates on the Essential Oil Content and Components of Common Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) and Damascus Black Cumin (Nigella damascena L.). Akademik Ziraat Dergisi 15

IEEE

[1]İ. Özdemir and A. Yenikalaycı, “The Effect of Different Sowing Dates on the Essential Oil Content and Components of Common Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) and Damascus Black Cumin (Nigella damascena L.)”, Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, vol. 15, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.29278/azd.1791768.

ISNAD

Özdemir, İrfan - Yenikalaycı, Ahmet. “The Effect of Different Sowing Dates on the Essential Oil Content and Components of Common Black Cumin (Nigella Sativa L.) and Damascus Black Cumin (Nigella Damascena L.)”. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi 15 (March 1, 2026). https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.1791768.

JAMA

1.Özdemir İ, Yenikalaycı A. The Effect of Different Sowing Dates on the Essential Oil Content and Components of Common Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) and Damascus Black Cumin (Nigella damascena L.). Akademik Ziraat Dergisi. 2026;15. doi:10.29278/azd.1791768.

MLA

Özdemir, İrfan, and Ahmet Yenikalaycı. “The Effect of Different Sowing Dates on the Essential Oil Content and Components of Common Black Cumin (Nigella Sativa L.) and Damascus Black Cumin (Nigella Damascena L.)”. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, vol. 15, Mar. 2026, doi:10.29278/azd.1791768.

Vancouver

1.İrfan Özdemir, Ahmet Yenikalaycı. The Effect of Different Sowing Dates on the Essential Oil Content and Components of Common Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) and Damascus Black Cumin (Nigella damascena L.). Akademik Ziraat Dergisi. 2026 Mar. 1;15. doi:10.29278/azd.1791768

Adi Çörek otu (Nigella sativa L.) ve Şam Çörek otu (Nigella damascena L.) Türlerinde Farklı Ekim Zamanı Uygulamalarının Uçucu Yağ Oranı ve Bileşenleri Üzerine Etkisi

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Keywords

The Effect of Different Sowing Dates on the Essential Oil Content and Components of Common Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) and Damascus Black Cumin (Nigella damascena L.)

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