Beauveria bassiana’nın Domateste Kurşuni Küf (Botrytis cinerea) Hastalığına Karşı In vitro ve In vivo Koşullarda Etkinliğinin Belirlenmesi

Öz

Amaç: Entomopatojen fungus Beauveria bassiana BIM ve BY2 izolatlarının farklı konsantrasyonlardaki kültür filtratlarının domatesde kurşuni küf hastalığına neden olan Botrytis cinerea’ya karşı in vitro ve in vivo koşullarında etkinlikleri araştırılmıştır. Materyal ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada, Antalya domates seralarından izole edilen B. cinerea Ant-4 izolatı ve entomopatojen fungus B. bassiana BIM ve BY2 izolatlarından elde edilen kültür filtratları kullanılmıştır. In vitro koşullarda B. bassiana’ya ait BIM ve BY2 izolatlarının farklı konsantrasyonlardaki kültür filtratlarının, agar well yöntemi (%0, 20, 40, 60, 80 ve 100) ile ve ayrıca %10, 25 ve 50 oranlarında kültür filtratı içeren PDA ortamlarında, B. cinerea’nın misel gelişimi üzerindeki antifungal etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. En iyi antagonistik etkiyi gösteren BIM izolatının kültür filtratlarının, %50, 80 ve 100 konsantrasyonları, domates bitkilerine 3 farklı yöntemle (yaprak, gövde enjeksiyonu, kök uygulamaları) ve 2 farklı uygulama şeklinde (tek uygulama ve 5 gün arayla 5 uygulama) in vivo koşullarda B. cinerea'ya karşı etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Bitki materyali olarak H-2274 domates çeşidine ait fideler kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları: Agar well yönteminde B. bassiana BIM ve BY2 izolatlarının kültür filtratlarının konsantrasyonları (%20, %40, %60, %80, %100), B. cinerea misel gelişimini engellememiş ve inhibisyon zonları gözlenmemiştir. Her iki entomopatojen fungus izolatına ait kültür filtratlarının PDA ortamına doğrudan ilavesiyle elde edilen %10, %25 ve %50 konsantrasyonlarının, B. cinerea misel gelişimini engellediği belirlenmiştir. En etkili B. bassiana BIM izolatının %50 kültür filtrat konsantrasyonu olmuştur ve B. cinerea misel gelişiminde %100 inhibisyon tespit edilmiştir. B. bassiana BY2 kültür filtratı, BIM’e göre daha az etkili bulunmuş ve en etkili dozu %50 konsantrasyonu B. cinerea'nın misel gelişimini %41.9 oranında engellemiştir B. bassiana BIM kültür filtratının %50, %80 ve %100 konsantrasyonları domates bitkilerine 3 farklı yöntemle (yaprak, gövde enjeksiyonu, kök uygulamaları) ve 2 farklı uygulama (tek uygulama ve 5 gün arayla 5 uygulama) yapılarak in vivo koşullarda değerlendirilmiştir. Gövde enjeksiyonu tek uygulamalı kültür filtratının %50 ile %100 konsantrasyonları ve 5 gün arayla 5 kez yapılan yaprak uygulamasının %80 konsantrasyonları fungisit kadar etkili olup B. cinerea’yı tamamen baskılamıştır. Sonuç: Bu çalışma, entomopatojen fungus B. bassiana BIM izolatının, domateslerde B. cinerea kurşuni küf hastalığına karşı biyolojik mücadelede etkili bir alternatif olabileceğini ve kimyasal fungisitlerin yerine çevre dostu bir çözüm sunabileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyolojik mücadele
• Beauveria bassiana
• Botrytis cinerea
• Entomopatojen fungus
• Kültür filtrat

Determination of the Effectiveness of Beauveria bassiana Against Tomato Gray Mold (Botrytis cinerea) Under In vitro and In vivo Conditions

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of culture filtrates from Beauveria bassiana BIM and BY2 isolates at different concentrations against Botrytis cinerea, the causative agent of gray mold disease in tomato, under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Materials and Methods: In this study, B. cinerea Ant-4 isolate, which was isolated from tomato greenhouses in Antalya, and culture filtrates from B. bassiana BIM and BY2 isolates were used. Under in vitro conditions, the antifungal effects of culture filtrates from the BIM and BY2 isolates of B. bassiana at different concentrations were evaluated on the mycelial growth of B. cinerea using the agar well diffusion method (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%) and on PDA media supplemented with culture filtrates at concentrations of 10, 25, and 50%. The culture filtrates of the BIM isolate, which exhibited the best antagonistic effect, were applied at concentrations of 50%, 80%, and 100% to tomato plants using three different methods (leaf spray, stem injection, and root applications) and two different application schemes (single application and five applications with a 5-day interval) to evaluate their effectiveness against B. cinerea under in vivo conditions. The plant material used was seedlings of the H-2274 tomato variety. Result: In the agar well method, the culture filtrates of B. bassiana BIM and BY2 isolates at concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% did not inhibit B. cinerea mycelial growth, and no inhibition zones were observed. The direct incorporation of culture filtrates from both entomopathogenic fungal isolates into PDA medium at concentrations of 10, 25, and 50% inhibited the mycelial growth of B. cinerea. The most effective culture filtrate was from B. bassiana BIM at a concentration of 50%, which resulted in 100% inhibition of B. cinerea mycelial growth. The culture filtrate of B. bassiana BY2 was found to be less effective than BIM, with the most effective dose being 50%, which inhibited mycelial growth by 41.9%. The culture filtrates of B. bassiana BIM at concentrations of 50%, 80%, and 100% were applied to tomato plants using three different methods (leaf spray, stem injection, and root applications) and two different application schemes (single application and five applications with a 5-day interval) under in vivo conditions. Stem injection with a single application at concentrations of 50% to 100%, as well as five applications with a 5-day interval using the 80% concentration for leaf spray, were as effective as fungicide treatments and completely suppressed B. cinerea. Conclusion: According to the results obtained from this study, the entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana isolate BIM shows potential for use against grey mold disease (B. cinerea) in tomato.

Keywords

• Biological control
• Beauveria bassiana
• Botrytis cinerea
• Entomopathogenic fungus
• Culture filtrate.

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