Secondary School Students’ Experiences of Fear of Missing Out and its Reflections on Their Daily Lives

Abstract

This study aims to examine the experiences of secondary school students regarding the fear of missing out and their reflections on their daily lives. The study group consists of 12 students, 8 of whom are women and 4 of whom are boys. The study was designed in the phenomenological design, one of the qualitative research models. The study data were collected using a semi-structured interview form developed by the researcher. The qualitative data obtained in the study were analyzed using the content analysis method. As a result of the content analysis, it was observed that the participants defined the fear of missing out in three categories: psychological, social and technological definitions. It was concluded that the participants experienced feelings of inadequacy, feeling left behind, anxiety and stress, social isolation and dependency along with the fear of missing out. In addition, it was concluded that the fear of missing out in the participants' daily lives caused distraction, sleep problems, mental fatigue, loss of self-confidence and health problems. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the participants used methods such as managing social media use, focusing on their own lives and practicing awareness in coping with the fear of missing out. The results obtained were discussed in the light of the relevant literature.

Keywords

• Digital anxiety
• Fear of missing out
• Phenomenology
• Social media addiction

Ortaöğretim Öğrencilerinin Günceli Kaçırma Korkusu Deneyimleri ve Günlük Yaşamlarına Yansımaları

Abstract

Bu araştırmada ortaöğretim öğrencilerinin günceli kaçırma korkusu deneyimleri ve günlük yaşamlarına yansımalarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu 8’i kadın ve 4’ü erkek olmak üzere toplam 12 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Araştırma, nitel araştırma modellerinden olgu-bilim deseninde tasarlanmıştır. Çalışma verileri, araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilmiş olan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile toplanmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen nitel veriler içerik analizi yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan içerik analizi sonucunda katılımcıların günceli kaçırma korkusunu psikolojik, sosyal ve teknolojik tanımlamalar olmak üzere üç kategoride ele aldıkları görülmüştür. Katılımcıların günceli kaçırma korkusu ile birlikte yetersizlik hissi, geride kalma hissi, kaygı ve stres, sosyal izolasyon hissi ve bağımlılık hislerini yaşadıkları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca, katılımcıların günlük yaşantılarında günceli kaçırma korkusunun dikkat dağınıklığı, uyku sorunları, zihinsel yorgunluk, özgüven kaybı ve sağlık sorunları yaşamalarına neden olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda katılımcıların günceli kaçırma korkusu ile baş etmede sosyal medya kullanımını yönetme, kendi hayatına odaklanma ve farkındalık pratiği yapma yöntemlerini kullandıkları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar ilgili alanyazın ışığında tartışılmıştır.

Keywords

• Dijiyal kaygı
• Günceli kaçırma korkusu
• Sosyal medya bağımlılığı
• Olgu bilim

References

1. Al-Furaih, S. A. and Al-Awidi, H. M. (2021). Fear of missing out (FoMO) among undergraduate students in relation to attention distraction and learning disengagement in lectures. Education and Information Technologies, 26(2), 2355–2373.
2. Alt, D. and Boniel-Nissim, M. (2018). Parent–Adolescent communication and problematic internet use: The mediating role of fear of missing out (FoMO), Journal of Family Issues, 39(13), 3391-3409. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X18783493
3. Aydin, D., Selvi, Y., Kandeger, A. and Boysan, M. (2021). The relationship of consumers’ compulsive buying behavior with biological rhythm, impulsivity, and fear of missing out. Biological Rhythm Research, 52(10), 1514-1522. https://doi.org/10.1080/09291016.2019.1654203
4. Baker, Z. G., Krieger, H. and LeRoy, A. S. (2016). Fear of missing out: Relationships with depression, mindfulness, and physical symptoms, Translational Issues in Psychological Science, 2(3), 275-282. https://doi.org/10.1037/tps0000075
5. Balcı, A. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntem, teknik ve ilkeler. Pegem Yayıncılık.
6. Baltacı, A. (2017). Nitel veri analizinde Miles-Huberman modeli. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3(1), 1-15.
7. Barry, C. T., Sidoti, C. L., Briggs, S. M., Reiter, S. R. and Lindsey, R. A. (2017). Adolescent social media use and mental health from adolescent and parent perspectives, Journal of Adolescence, 61, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.08.005
8. Behera, R. K., Bala, P. K. and Dhir, A. (2019). The emerging role of cognitive computing in healthcare: A systematic literature review, International Journal of Medical Informatics, 129, 154-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2019.04.024

9. Berg, B. L., ve Lune, H. (2015). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (Çev. H. Aydın). Eğitim Yayınevi.
10. Beyens, I., Frison, E. and Eggermont, S. (2016). I don’t want to miss a thing, adolescents’ fear of missing out and its relationship to adolescents’ social needs, Facebook use, and Facebook related stress, Computers in Human Behavior, 64, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.083
11. Blachnio, A. and Przepiorka, A. (2018). Facebook intrusion, fear of missing out, narcissism, and life satisfaction: A cross-sectional study, Psychiatry Research, 259, 514-519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.11.012
12. Blackwell, D., Leaman, C., Tramposch, R., Osborne, C. and Liss, M. (2017). Extraversion, neuroticism, attachment style and fear of missing out as predictors of social media use and addiction, Personality and Individual Differences, 116, 69-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.04.039
13. Blanca, M. J. and Bendayan, R. (2018). Spanish version of the phubbing scale: internet addiction, Facebook intrusion, and fear of missing out as correlates, Psicothema, 30(4), 449-454.
14. Bright, L. F. and Logan, K. (2018). Is my fear of missing out (FoMO) causing fatigue? Advertising, social media fatigue, and the implications for consumers and brands, Internet Research, 28(5), 1213-1227.
15. Buglass, S. L., Binder, J. F., Betts, L. R. and Underwood, J. D. M. (2017). Motivators of online vulnerability: The impact of social network site use and FoMO, Computers in Human Behavior, 66, 248-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.09.055
16. Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E. K., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş. ve Demirel, F. (2017). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Pegem A. Yayıncılık.
17. Casale, S., Rugai, L. and Fioravanti, G. (2018). Exploring the role of positive metacognitions in explaining the association between the fear of missing out and social media addiction, Addictive Behaviors, 85, 83-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.05.020
18. Chai, H. Y., Niu, G. F., Lian, S. L., Chu, X. W. and Sun, X. J. (2019). Why social network site use fails to promote well-being? The roles of social overload and fear of missing out, Computers in Human Behavior, 100, 85-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.05.005
19. Chotpitayasunondh, V. and Douglas, K. M. (2016). How “phubbing” becomes the norm: the antecedents and consequences of snubbing via smartphone, Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 9-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.018
20. Clayton, R. B., Leshner, G. and Almond, A. (2015). The extended iSelf: the impact of iPhone separation on cognition, emotion, and physiology, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 20(2), 119-135. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12109
21. Conlin, L., Billings, A. C. and Averset, L. (2016). Time-shifting vs. appointment viewing: the role of fear of missing out within TV consumption behaviors, Communication and Society, 29(4), 151-164.
22. Coskun, S. and Muslu, G. K. (2019). Investigation of problematic mobile phones use and fear of missing out (FoMO) level in adolescents, Community Mental Health Journal, 55(6), 1004-1014.
23. Creswell, J. W. (2014). A concise introduction to mixed methods research. SAGE publications.
24. Çepni, S. (2014). Araştırma ve Proje Çalışmalarına Giriş. Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık
25. Çınar, Ç. Y. ve Mutlu, E. (2019). İnternet bağımlılığının benlik saygısı, dikkat, gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusu, yaşam doyumu ve kişilik özellikleri ile ilişkisi. Bağımlılık Dergisi, 20(3), 133-142.
26. Demirkaya, H. (2008). Sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının küresel ısınma kavramını algılamaları ve öğrenme stilleri: Fenomenografik bir analiz. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri, 8(1), 727- 752. https://doi.org/10.17244/eku.1172318
27. Dhir, A., Yossatorn, Y., Kaur, P. and Chen, S. (2018). Online social media fatigue and psychological wellbeing a study of compulsive use, fear of missing out, fatigue, anxiety and depression, International Journal of Information Management, 40, 141-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.01.012
28. Dogan, V. (2019). Why do people experience the fear of missing out (FoMO)? Exposing the link between the self and the FoMO through self-construal, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 50(4), 524-538. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022119839145
29. Dou, F., Li, Q., Li, X. and Wang, M. (2021). Impact of perceived social support on fear of missing of out (FoMO): A moderated mediation model. Current Psychology, 42, 63-72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s1214402101404-4
30. Dossey, L. (2014). FoMO, digital dementia, and our dangerous experiment. Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing, 10(2), 69-73.
31. Eide, T. A., Aarestad, S. H., Andreassen, C. S., Bilder, R. M. and Pallesen, S. (2018). Smartphone restriction and its effect on subjective withdrawal related scores, Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01444
32. Ekiz, D. (2009). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Anı Yayıncılık.
33. Eşer, A. K. ve Alkaya, S. A. (2019). Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin sosyal medya bağımlılık durumu ve gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusunun incelenmesi. Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Dergisi 1(1), 27-36. Franchina, V., Abeele, M. V., Rooij, A. J., Lo Coco, G. and De Marez, L. (2018). Fear of missing out as a predictor of problematic social media use and phubbing behavior among Flemish adolescents, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(10), 1-18.
34. Gezgin, D. M. (2018). Understanding patterns for smartphone addiction: age, sleep duration, social network use and fear of missing out, Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 13(2), 166-177.
35. Hetz, P. R., Dawson, C. L. and Cullen, T. A. (2015). Social media use and the fear of missing out (FoMO) while studying abroad, Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 47(4), 259-272. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2015.1080585
36. Holte, A. J. and Ferraro, F. R. (2020). Anxious, bored, and (maybe) missing out: Evaluation of anxiety attachment, boredom proneness, and fear of missing out (FoMO). Computers in Human Behavior, 112, 106-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106465
37. Hoşgör, H., Koç-Tütüncü, S., Gündüz-Hoşgör, D. ve Tandoğan, Ö. (2017). Üniversite öğrencileri arasında sosyal medyadaki gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusu yaygınlığının farklı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. International Journal of Academic Value Studies, 3(17), 213-223.
38. Hunt, M. G., Marx, R., Lipson, C. and Young, J. (2018). No more FOMO: limiting social media decreases loneliness and depression, Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 37(10), 751-768. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2018.37.10.751
39. James, T. L., Lowry, P. B., Wallace, L. and Warkentin, M. (2017). The effect of belongingness on obsessive compulsive disorder in the use of online social networks, Journal of Management Information Systems, 34(2), 560-596. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2017.1334496
40. Kacker, P. and Saurav, S. (2020). Correlation of missing out (fomo), anxıety and aggressıon of young adults. International Journal of Research-granthaalayah, 8(5), 132-138. https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i5.2020.107
41. Karadağ, A. ve Akçinar, B. (2019). Üniversite öğrencilerinde sosyal medya bağımlılığı ve psikolojik semptomlar arasındaki ilişki. Bağımlılık Dergisi, 20(3), 154-166.
42. Kartol, A. ve Peker, A. (2020). Ergenlerde sosyal ortamlarda gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusu (fomo) yordayıcılarının incelenmesi. OPUS-Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 15(21), 454-474. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.628081
43. Kim, J., Lee, Y. and Kim, M. L. (2020). Investigating ‘Fear of Missing Out’ (FoMO) as an extrinsic motive affecting sport event consumer’s behavioral intention and FoMO driven consumption’s influence on intrinsic rewards, extrinsic rewards, and consumer satisfaction. PLoS One, 15(12) 102-124. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243744
44. Lai, C., Altavilla, D., Ronconi, A. and Aceto, P. (2016). Fear of missing out (FoMO) is associated with activation of the right middle temporal Gyrus during inclusion social cue, Computers in Human Behavior, 61, 516 521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.072
45. Mehta, N. and Pandit, A. (2018). Concurrence of big data analytics and healthcare: a systematic review, International Journal of Medical Informatics, 114, 57-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2018.03.013
46. Metin, B., Pehlivan, R. and Tarhan, N. (2017). Reliability and validity of Uskudar Fear Of Missing Out Scale. The Journal of Neurobehavioral Sciences, 4(2), 43-46. https://doi.org/10.5455/JNBS.1494334674
47. Metz, J., (2019). FoMO and regret for non-doings. Social Theory and Practice, 45, 451-470. https://doi.org/10.5840/soctheorpract201992767
48. Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and interpretation. Jossey-Bass.
49. Milyavskaya, M., Saffran, M., Hope, N. and Koestner, R. (2018). Fear of missing out: prevalence, dynamics, and consequences of experiencing FoMO, Motivation and Emotion, 42(5), 725-737.
50. Morrow, S. L. (2005). Quality and trust worthiness in qualitative research in counseling psychology. Journal of counseling psychology, 52(2), 250-260.
51. Oberst, U., Wegmann, E., Stodt, B., Brand, M. and Chamarro, A. (2017). Negative consequences from heavy social networking in adolescents: the mediating role of fear of missing out, Journal of Adolescence, 55, 51-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.12.008
52. O’Connell, C. (2020). How FOMO (Fear of Missing Out), the smartphone, and social media may be affecting university students in the Middle East. North American Journal of Psychology, 22(1), 83-102
53. Pawson, R., Boaz, A., Grayson, L., Long, A. and Barnes, C. (2003). Types and quality of social care knowledge. Stage two: towards the quality assessment of social care knowledge. ESRC UK Centre for Evidence Based Policy and Practice: Working Paper 18, Erişim: 13.10.2024. https://www.kcl.ac.uk/sspp/departments/politicaleconomy/research/cep/pubs/papers/assets/wp18. f
54. Popovac, M. and Hadlington, L. (2020). Exploring the role of egocentrism and fear of missing out on online risk behaviours among adolescents in South Africa, International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 25(1), 276-291. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2019.1617171
55. Przybylski, A. K., Murayama, K., DeHaan, C. R. and Gladwell, V. (2013). Motivational, emotional, and behavioral correlates of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(4), 1841-1848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.02.014
56. Qutishat, M. and Sharour, L. A. (2019). Relationship between fear of missing out and academic performance among omani university students: a descriptive correlation study. Oman Medical Journal, 34(5), 404 411. https://doi.org/10.5001/omj.2019.75
57. Reer, F., Tang, W. Y. and Quandt, T. (2019). Psychosocial well-being and social media engagement: the mediating roles of social comparison orientation and fear of missing out, New Media and Society, 21(7), 1486-1505. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818823719
58. Roberts, J.A. and David, M. E. (2019). The social media party: fear of missing out (fomo), social media ıntensity, connection, and well-being. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 36(4), 386-392. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2019.1646517
59. Rogers, A. P. and Barber, L. K. (2019). Addressing FoMO and telepressure among university students: could a technology intervention help with social media use and sleep disruption? Computers in Human Behavior, 93, 192-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.12.016
60. Santos, S., Pimentel, C. E., Mariano, T. E. (2021). Cyberstalking scale: development and relations with gender, fomo and social media engagement. Current psychology, 42(6), 4802-4810, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01823-3
61. Sarıca-Keçeci, H., Kahya-Özyirmidokuz, E. ve Özbakır, L. (2021). Dijital bağımlılık ve fomo, kişilik faktörleri ve mutluluk ile ilişkisi: üniversite öğrencileri ile bir uygulama. Bağımlılık Dergisi, 22(4), 379-394. https://doi.org/10.51982/bagimli.902214
62. Scott, H. and Woods, H. C. (2018). Fear of missing out and sleep: cognitive behavioural factors in adolescents’ nighttime social media use, Journal of Adolescence, 68, 61-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.07.009
63. Servidio, R. (2019). Self-control and problematic smartphone use among Italian university students: the mediating role of the fear of missing out and of smartphone use patterns: research and reviews, Current Psychology, 40(8), 4101-4111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00373-z
64. Stead, H. and Bibby, P. A. (2017). Personality, fear of missing out and problematic internet use and their relationship to subjective well-being, Computers in Human Behavior, 76, 534-540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.08.016
65. Steele, R. G., Hall, J. A. and Christofferson, J. L. (2020). Conceptualizing digital stress in adolescents and young adults: toward the development of an empirically based model, Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 23(1), 15-26.
66. Talwar, S., Dhir, A., Kaur, P., Zafar, N. and Alrasheedy, M. (2019). Why do people share fake news? Associations between the dark side of social media use and fake news sharing behavior, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 51, 72-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.05.026
67. Tandon, A., Dhir, A., Talwar, S., Kaur, P. and Mäntymäki, M. (2021). Dark consequences of social media-induced fear of missing out (FoMO): Social media stalking, comparisons, and fatigue. Technol Forecast Soc Change, 171,120-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120931
68. Tomczyk, Ł. and Selmanagic-Lizde, E. (2018). Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) among youth in Bosnia and Herzegovina-scale and selected mechanisms, Children and Youth Services Review, 88, 541-549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.03.048
69. Wang, P., Xie, X., Wang, X., Wang, X., Zhao, F., Chu, X., Nie, J. and Lei, L. (2018). The need to belong and adolescent authentic self-presentation on SNSs: a moderated mediation model involving FoMO and perceived social support, Personality and Individual Differences, 128, 133-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.02.035
70. Wegmann, E., Oberst, U., Stodt, B. and Brand, M. (2017). Online-specific fear of missing out and Internet-use expectancies contribute to symptoms of Internet-communication disorder, Addictive Behaviors Reports, 5, 33-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2017.04.001
71. Wolniewicz, C. A., Tiamiyu, M. F., Weeks, J. W. and Elhai, J. D. (2018). Problematic smartphone use and relations with negative affect, fear of missing out, and fear of negative and positive evaluation, Psychiatry Research, 262, 618-623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.09.058
72. Xie, X., Wang, Y., Wang, P., Zhao, F. and Lei, L. (2018). Basic psychological needs satisfaction and fear of missing out: friend support moderated the mediating effect of individual relative deprivation, Psychiatry Research, 268, 223-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.07.025
73. Yıldız, K., Kurnaz, D. ve Kırık, A. M. (2020). Nomofobi, netlessfobi ve gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusu: Sporcu genç yetişkinler üzerine bir araştırma. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(1), 321-338. https://doi.org/10.18026/cbayarsos.669601
74. Yıldırım, A., ve Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (9. Baskı). Seçkin Yayıncılık.
75. Yin, L., Wang, P., Nie, J., Guo, J., Feng, J. and Lei, L. (2019). Social networking sites addiction and FoMO: the mediating role of envy and the moderating role of need to belong, Current Psychology, 40, 3879-3887. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00344-4.
76. Zhou, B. (2019). Fear of missing out, feeling of acceleration, and being permanently online: a survey study of university students’ use of mobile apps in China, Chinese Journal of Communication, 12(1), 66-83. https://doi.org/10.1080/17544750.2018.1523803