PEACE STUDIES AND PEACEBUILDING AS A NEW FIELD IN USE OF ANTHROPOLOGY IN THE CONTEXT OF BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA

Year 2021, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 49 - 75, 01.07.2021

Ayça Eminoğlu Yeşim Aydın

https://doi.org/10.30903/Balkan.954231

Abstract

This study aims to reveal the role of anthropology in peace studies and the peacebuilding process. In this way, the question of why liberal peace that is accepted as an effective paradigm after the Cold War cannot build a sustainable peace will try to be answered with the country of Bosnia-Herzegovina. In other words, considering the case of Bosnia-Herzegovina, the study will show how the liberal discourse that forms the basis of the West’s intervention in conflict zones, failed in peacebuilding. While it is argued that the main reason for the failure of liberal peace is to exclude the local from peacebuilding and ignore the fragility of the post-conflict process, it rejects Western peace's top-down approach of Western peace. Instead, it is emphasized that peace based on the expectations and demands of local and international populations enables sustainable peace. Therefore, it is argued that anthropology will contribute to peacebuilding, which ensures the sustainability of peace and contributes to peace studies.

Keywords

Anthropology, Peace Studies, Liberal Peace, Conflict Resolution, Bosnia-Herzegovina

BOSNA-HERSEK BAĞLAMINDA ANTROPOLOJİNİN YENİ KULLANIM ALANI OLARAK BARIŞ ÇALIŞMALARI VE BARIŞ İNŞASI

Abstract

Bu çalışma, antropolojinin barış çalışmaları ve barış inşası sürecindeki rolünün ortaya konulmasını hedeflemektedir. Bu doğrultuda, Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemde etkin bir paradigma olarak kabul edilen liberal barışın, neden sürdürülebilir barış inşa edemediği sorusuna, Bosna-Hersek örnek ülkesi ile cevap verilmeye çalışılacaktır. Diğer bir ifadeyle, Batı’nın çatışma bölgelerine müdahale etmesine temel teşkil eden liberal söylemin, Bosna-Hersek örneği göz önünde bulundurularak, barış inşasında nasıl başarısızlığa uğradığı analiz edilecektir. Liberal barışın temel başarısızlık nedeninin, yerelin barış inşasının dışında bırakılması ve çatışma sonrası sürecin kırılgan yapısının dikkate alınmaması olduğunu savunan çalışmada, Batı’nın ön planda olduğu (yukarıdan-aşağıya) barış inşa şekli araştırılmaktadır. Yerelin ve uluslararası olanın beklenti ve taleplerine göre oluşturulacak bir barışın, sürdürülebilir barışı mümkün kılacağı üzerinde durulmaktadır. Bu nedenle antropolojinin, barışın sürdürülebilirliğini sağlamada barış inşasına ve dolayısıyla barış çalışmalarına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

Antropoloji, Barış Çalışmaları, Liberal Barış, Çatışma Çözümü, Bosna Hersek

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