Gambling Disorder: An Overview

Abstract

Psychopathologically, the concept of addiction in the terminology of psychiatry has gained a different perspective as a result of behavioral research under the influence of behavioral approaches. Neuroimaging, processing of neurobiological data has contributed to this change in the last 10 years, as the data on comorbidity, inheritance, tolerance, withdrawal symptoms and treatment outcomes among addictions show similarities. Gambling addiction was also affected by this change and new perspectives on the etiology, diagnostic criteria and treatment were developed. With the recently published Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), gambling addiction was included in the category of addictions and under the heading "Non-substance related disorder" in the category "Drug Related and Addictive Disorders". This new point of view is likely to be gambling addiction, perhaps leading to the fact that behavioral addictions such as internet use, playing video games, eating and shopping can be evaluated within the context of addiction, and will develop a new perspective on behavioral addictions. The aim of this article is to review gambling disorder within the axis of DSM-5 and assess it from the viewpoint of diagnosis, epidemiology, etiology, comorbidity and treatment. 

Keywords

• gambling,addiction,diagnosis,comorbidity,treatment

Kumar Oynama Bozukluğu: Genel Bir Bakış

Öz

Psikiyatri terminolojisinde bağımlılık kavramına psikopatolojik anlamda bakış, davranışçı yaklaşımların etkisinde ve bu konuda yapılan davranışçı araştırmalar sonucunda farklı bir perspektif kazanmıştır. Bağımlılıklar arasında ki komorbidite, kalıtım, tölerans, yoksunluk belirtileri ve tedavi sonuçları ile ilgili verilerin benzerlikler göstermesi ve nörogörüntüleme, nörobiyolojik verilerin işlenmesi son 10 yılda bu değişime katkı sağlamıştır. Kumar bağımlılığı da bu değişimden etkilenmiş ve gerek etiyoloji, tanısal ölçütler ve gerekse de tedavi açısından yeni bakış açıları geliştirilmiştir. Son yayınlanan Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliğinin Ruhsal Bozuklukların Tanısal ve Sayımsal El Kitabı 5. Baskısı (DSM-5) ile kumar bağımlılığı, bağımlılıklar kategorisine dahil edilmiş ve “Madde ile İlişkili ve Bağımlılık Bozuklukları” kategorisinde “Madde ile ilişkili olmayan bozukluk” başlığı altına alınmıştır. Bu yeni bakış açısı kumar bağımlılığında olduğu gibi belki de ileri süreçlerde internet kullanımı, video oyunu oynama, yemek yeme ve alışveriş gibi davranışsal bağımlılıkların da bağımlılık kapsamında değerlendirilebilmesi olanağını sağlayacak ve davranışsal bağımlılıklara tanısal açıdan yeni bir bakış açısı geliştirecektir. Bu yazıda kumar bağımlılığını DSM-5 ekseninde tanı, epidemiyoloji, etiyoloji, komorbidite ve tedavi açısından gözden geçirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• kumar,bağımlılık,tanı,komorbidite

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