Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Kavramsal Öğrenmede Zihinsel Durumlarının Belirlenmesi: Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması

Year 2018, , 572 - 593, 31.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.17522/balikesirnef.506473

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı; ortaokul
öğrencilerinin kavramsal öğrenmede zihinsel durumlarını ölçmeyi hedefleyen
geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek geliştirmektir. Çalışma yedinci sınıfta öğrenim
gören 168 ve sekizinci sınıfta öğrenim gören 153 öğrenci olmak üzere toplam 321
öğrenci ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Gerekli alan yazın taraması yapılarak ve
uzman görüşlerinden yararlanılarak 62 maddeden oluşan taslak ölçek
oluşturulmuştur. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliğini belirlemek amacıyla açımlayıcı ve
doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapılmıştır. Analizler sonrasında, bazı maddeler
ölçekten çıkartılmış; kalan 35 maddenin toplamda 4 alt kategoriden oluştuğu
tespit edilmiştir. Ölçeğin duygu ve niyet kategorilerinin iki faktörden
oluştuğu ve diğer iç ve dış zihinsel durumlar kategorilerinin ise tek faktörlü
yapı gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Ölçek maddelerinin ayırt ediciliğinin
belirlenmesi amacıyla alt-üst %27’lik grupların madde puanları arasındaki farkın
anlamlılığı test edilmiştir. Yapılan t testi sonuçları tüm maddeler ve
faktörler için farkların anlamlı olduğunu göstermektedir. Güvenirlik analizi
sonucunda, ölçeğin alt kategorilerinin Cronbach alfa iç tutarlılık katsayılarının
.67 ile .79 değerleri arasında değiştiği ve ölçeğin tamamının Cronbach alfa katsayısının
.90 olduğu bulunmuştur.  Analiz sonuçları
geliştirilen Kavramsal Öğrenmede Zihinsel Durum Ölçeği’nin geçerli ve güvenilir
bir ölçme aracı olduğunu göstermektedir.

References

  • Bacanlı H. (2005). Duyuşsal davranış eğitimi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Bernard, H. R. (2017). Research methods in anthropology: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Brooks, J. G. and Brooks, M. G. (1993). In search of understanding: The case for constructivist classrooms. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2012). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. İstatistik, araştırma deseni SPSS uygulamaları ve yorum (16. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Can, A. (2013). SPSS ile bilimsel araştırma sürecinde nicel veri analizi. Ankara, Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
  • Chi, M. T. H. (1992). Conceptual change within and across ontological categories: Examples from learning and discovery in science. In R. N. Giere (Ed.), Cognitive models of science (pp. 129-186). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota.
  • Chi, M. T. H. (1997). Creativity: Shifting across ontological categories flexibly. Conceptual Structures and Processes: Emergence, Discovery and Change. Washington, 1, 209-2347
  • Chi, M. T. H., Slotta, J. D. & de Leeuw, N. (1994). From things to processes: A theory of conceptual change. Learning and Instruction, 4, 27-43.
  • Costa, A. L. & Kallick, B. (2000). Discovering and exploring habits of mind. Alexandria, VA: Association for supervision and Curriculum Development.
  • Driver, R. & Easley, J. (1978). Pupils and paradigms: A review of literature related to concept development in adolescent science student. Studies in Science Education, 5, 61-84.
  • Duit, R. (2009). Bibliography - STCSE (Students' and Teachers' Conceptions and Science Education). 05. 02. 2017 tarihinde http://www.ipn.unikiel.de/aktuell/stcse/stcse.html alınmıştır.
  • Duit, R. & Treagust, D. F. (2003). Conceptual change: A powerful framework for improving science teaching and learning. International Journal of Science Education, 25(6), 671-688.
  • Gilbert, S. W. (1991). Model building and definition of science. Journal of Reseach in Science Teaching, 28(1), 73-79.
  • Halloun, I. & Hestenes, D. (1985). Initial knowledge state of College physics students. American Journal of Physics, 53(11), 1043-1055.
  • Hanoch, B. Y. (1997). Against characterizing mental states as propositional attitudes. The Philosophical Quarterly, 47(186), 84–89.
  • Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. R. (2008). Structural equation modeling: Guidelines for determining model fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6, 53–60.
  • Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criterion versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55.
  • Işık, Y. (2014). Ortaokul Öğretmenlerinin Program Yönelimleri İle Yapılandırmacı Öğrenme Ortamı Düzenleme Becerileri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Eğitim Programları Anabilim Dalı Eğitim Programları ve Öğretim Bilim Dalı, Kocaeli, Türkiye.
  • Linnenbrink, E. A., & Pintrich, P. R. (2002). Motivation as an enabler for academic success. School Physhology Review, 31, 313-327.
  • Li, C-H. (2016). Confirmatory factor analysis with ordinal data: Comparing robust maximum likelihood and diagonally weighted least squares. Behavior Research Methods, 48(3):936-49.
  • Li, C.-H. (2012). Validation of the Chinese version of the Life Orientation Test with a robust weighted least squares approach. Psychological Assessment, 24, 770–776.
  • Liu, C. J. (2003). The study on the relationship between students mental state and the learning environment. Paper presented at the Third International Conference on Science, Mathematics and Technology Education.
  • Liu, C. J., & Hou, I. L. (2004). A study on mental states of ninth grade students in learning about the concepts of plate tectonics. Chinese Journal of Science Education, 12(4), 399-420.
  • Liu, C., Hou, I., & Treagust, D. (2005). An Instrument for Assessing Students' Mental State and the Learning Environment in Science Education. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 3, 625-637.
  • Liu, C., Hou, I., Chiu, H., & Treagust, D. (2013). An Exploration of Secondary Students’ Mental States when Learning about Acids and Bases. Research in Science Education, 44(1), 133-154.
  • McKendree, J., Small, C., Stenning, K., & Conlon, T. (2002). The role of representation in teaching and learning critical thinking. Educational Review, 54(1), 57-67.
  • MEB. (2005). Yeni Öğretim Programları İnceleme ve Değerlendirme Raporu. 12.07.2018 tarihinde http://www.meb.gov.tr/ adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Mindrila, D. (2010). Maximum likelihood (ML) and diagonally weighted least squares (DWLS) estimation procedures: A comparison of estimation bias with ordinal and multivariate non-normal data. International Journal of Digital Society, 1(1), 60-66.
  • Novak, J. (1977). A theory of education, Ithaca: Cornel University Press.
  • Osborne, J., Simon, S., & Collins, S. (2003). Attitudes towards science: A review of the literature and its implications. International journal of science education, 25(9), 1049-1079.
  • Özdemir, E., Kural, M., & Kocakülah, M. S. (2018). Ortaöğretim öğrencilerinin fizik dersine ait motivasyon düzeylerini belirlemeye yönelik ölçek geliştirme. Kastamonu Education Journal, 26(5), 1497-1507.
  • Seçer, S. (2015). 7. Sınıf öğrencilerinin ışığın kırılması konusundaki kavramsal gelişimlerinin sosyal yapılandırmacı bakış açısından incelenmesi Doktora Tezi Balıkesir Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsi, Balıkesir, Türkiye.
  • Sinatra, G. M., & Pintrich, P. R. (Eds.). (2003). Intentional conceptual change. Routledge.
  • Tekin H. (1977). Eğitimde ölçme ve değerlendirme. Ankara: Mars Matbaası.
  • Treagust, D. F., & Duit, R. (2008). Compatibility between cultural studies and conceptual change in science education: There is more to acknowledge than to fight straw men!. Cultural Studies of Science Education, 3(2), 387-395.
  • Treagust, D. F., & Harrison, A. G. (1994). The genesis of effective scientific explanations for the classroom. In J. Loughran (Ed.), Researching teaching: methodologies and practices for understanding of pedagogy (pp. 28–43). London: Falmer.
  • Von Glasersfeld, E. (1995). A constructivist approach to teaching. In Steffe, L. P. & Gale, J. (Eds.), Constructivism in Education, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum, 3-15.
  • Weinburg, M. (1995). Gender Differences in Students' Attitutes Toward Science: A Meta-Analysis of the Literature from 1970 to 1991. Journal of Reseach in Science Teaching, 32(4): 387-398.
  • White, R., & Gunstone, R. (2008). The conceptual change approach and the teaching of science. In S. Vosniadou (Ed.), Handbook of research on conceptual change (pp. 619–628). Mahwah, NJ: L. Erlbaum.
  • Yurdugül, H., & Bayrak, F. (2012). Ölçek geliştirme çalışmalarında kapsam geçerlik ölçüleri: Kapsam geçerlik indeksi ve kappa istatistiğinin karşılaştırılması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 2, 264-271.

Determination of The Mental Positions of Middle School Students In Conceptual Learning: A Scale Development Study

Year 2018, , 572 - 593, 31.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.17522/balikesirnef.506473

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable scale that aims to measure the mental state of middle school students in conceptual learning. The pilot study was conducted with a total of 321 students, 168 of which were in the seventh grade and 153 of which were in the eighth grade. A draft scale consisting of 62 items was created by reviewing the literature and asking opinions of experts in the area. In order to determine the construct validity of the scale, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed. After the analysis of pilot study data, some items were removed from the scale and the remaining 35 items were found to be dived into 4 subcategories in total. It was determined that the emotion and intention categories of the scale consisted of two factors and the other categories of internal and external mental states showed a single-factor structure. The significance of the difference between item scores of the upper and lower subgroups of 27 percent was also tested in order to determine the discrimination indices of the scale items. The results of the t-tests show that the differences are significant for all items and factors. As a result of the reliability analysis, the Cronbach alpha coefficients for the reliability of the scale subcategories ranged from .67 to .79 and the Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient for the whole scale was calculated to be .90. These analyses show that the developed Mental State Scale in Conceptual Learning (MSSCL) is a valid and reliable measurement tool.

References

  • Bacanlı H. (2005). Duyuşsal davranış eğitimi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Bernard, H. R. (2017). Research methods in anthropology: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Brooks, J. G. and Brooks, M. G. (1993). In search of understanding: The case for constructivist classrooms. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2012). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. İstatistik, araştırma deseni SPSS uygulamaları ve yorum (16. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Can, A. (2013). SPSS ile bilimsel araştırma sürecinde nicel veri analizi. Ankara, Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
  • Chi, M. T. H. (1992). Conceptual change within and across ontological categories: Examples from learning and discovery in science. In R. N. Giere (Ed.), Cognitive models of science (pp. 129-186). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota.
  • Chi, M. T. H. (1997). Creativity: Shifting across ontological categories flexibly. Conceptual Structures and Processes: Emergence, Discovery and Change. Washington, 1, 209-2347
  • Chi, M. T. H., Slotta, J. D. & de Leeuw, N. (1994). From things to processes: A theory of conceptual change. Learning and Instruction, 4, 27-43.
  • Costa, A. L. & Kallick, B. (2000). Discovering and exploring habits of mind. Alexandria, VA: Association for supervision and Curriculum Development.
  • Driver, R. & Easley, J. (1978). Pupils and paradigms: A review of literature related to concept development in adolescent science student. Studies in Science Education, 5, 61-84.
  • Duit, R. (2009). Bibliography - STCSE (Students' and Teachers' Conceptions and Science Education). 05. 02. 2017 tarihinde http://www.ipn.unikiel.de/aktuell/stcse/stcse.html alınmıştır.
  • Duit, R. & Treagust, D. F. (2003). Conceptual change: A powerful framework for improving science teaching and learning. International Journal of Science Education, 25(6), 671-688.
  • Gilbert, S. W. (1991). Model building and definition of science. Journal of Reseach in Science Teaching, 28(1), 73-79.
  • Halloun, I. & Hestenes, D. (1985). Initial knowledge state of College physics students. American Journal of Physics, 53(11), 1043-1055.
  • Hanoch, B. Y. (1997). Against characterizing mental states as propositional attitudes. The Philosophical Quarterly, 47(186), 84–89.
  • Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. R. (2008). Structural equation modeling: Guidelines for determining model fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6, 53–60.
  • Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criterion versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55.
  • Işık, Y. (2014). Ortaokul Öğretmenlerinin Program Yönelimleri İle Yapılandırmacı Öğrenme Ortamı Düzenleme Becerileri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Eğitim Programları Anabilim Dalı Eğitim Programları ve Öğretim Bilim Dalı, Kocaeli, Türkiye.
  • Linnenbrink, E. A., & Pintrich, P. R. (2002). Motivation as an enabler for academic success. School Physhology Review, 31, 313-327.
  • Li, C-H. (2016). Confirmatory factor analysis with ordinal data: Comparing robust maximum likelihood and diagonally weighted least squares. Behavior Research Methods, 48(3):936-49.
  • Li, C.-H. (2012). Validation of the Chinese version of the Life Orientation Test with a robust weighted least squares approach. Psychological Assessment, 24, 770–776.
  • Liu, C. J. (2003). The study on the relationship between students mental state and the learning environment. Paper presented at the Third International Conference on Science, Mathematics and Technology Education.
  • Liu, C. J., & Hou, I. L. (2004). A study on mental states of ninth grade students in learning about the concepts of plate tectonics. Chinese Journal of Science Education, 12(4), 399-420.
  • Liu, C., Hou, I., & Treagust, D. (2005). An Instrument for Assessing Students' Mental State and the Learning Environment in Science Education. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 3, 625-637.
  • Liu, C., Hou, I., Chiu, H., & Treagust, D. (2013). An Exploration of Secondary Students’ Mental States when Learning about Acids and Bases. Research in Science Education, 44(1), 133-154.
  • McKendree, J., Small, C., Stenning, K., & Conlon, T. (2002). The role of representation in teaching and learning critical thinking. Educational Review, 54(1), 57-67.
  • MEB. (2005). Yeni Öğretim Programları İnceleme ve Değerlendirme Raporu. 12.07.2018 tarihinde http://www.meb.gov.tr/ adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Mindrila, D. (2010). Maximum likelihood (ML) and diagonally weighted least squares (DWLS) estimation procedures: A comparison of estimation bias with ordinal and multivariate non-normal data. International Journal of Digital Society, 1(1), 60-66.
  • Novak, J. (1977). A theory of education, Ithaca: Cornel University Press.
  • Osborne, J., Simon, S., & Collins, S. (2003). Attitudes towards science: A review of the literature and its implications. International journal of science education, 25(9), 1049-1079.
  • Özdemir, E., Kural, M., & Kocakülah, M. S. (2018). Ortaöğretim öğrencilerinin fizik dersine ait motivasyon düzeylerini belirlemeye yönelik ölçek geliştirme. Kastamonu Education Journal, 26(5), 1497-1507.
  • Seçer, S. (2015). 7. Sınıf öğrencilerinin ışığın kırılması konusundaki kavramsal gelişimlerinin sosyal yapılandırmacı bakış açısından incelenmesi Doktora Tezi Balıkesir Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsi, Balıkesir, Türkiye.
  • Sinatra, G. M., & Pintrich, P. R. (Eds.). (2003). Intentional conceptual change. Routledge.
  • Tekin H. (1977). Eğitimde ölçme ve değerlendirme. Ankara: Mars Matbaası.
  • Treagust, D. F., & Duit, R. (2008). Compatibility between cultural studies and conceptual change in science education: There is more to acknowledge than to fight straw men!. Cultural Studies of Science Education, 3(2), 387-395.
  • Treagust, D. F., & Harrison, A. G. (1994). The genesis of effective scientific explanations for the classroom. In J. Loughran (Ed.), Researching teaching: methodologies and practices for understanding of pedagogy (pp. 28–43). London: Falmer.
  • Von Glasersfeld, E. (1995). A constructivist approach to teaching. In Steffe, L. P. & Gale, J. (Eds.), Constructivism in Education, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum, 3-15.
  • Weinburg, M. (1995). Gender Differences in Students' Attitutes Toward Science: A Meta-Analysis of the Literature from 1970 to 1991. Journal of Reseach in Science Teaching, 32(4): 387-398.
  • White, R., & Gunstone, R. (2008). The conceptual change approach and the teaching of science. In S. Vosniadou (Ed.), Handbook of research on conceptual change (pp. 619–628). Mahwah, NJ: L. Erlbaum.
  • Yurdugül, H., & Bayrak, F. (2012). Ölçek geliştirme çalışmalarında kapsam geçerlik ölçüleri: Kapsam geçerlik indeksi ve kappa istatistiğinin karşılaştırılması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 2, 264-271.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Aysel Kocakülah 0000-0002-3472-4707

Nalan Uslu 0000-0002-8617-548X

Publication Date December 31, 2018
Submission Date November 13, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018

Cite

APA Kocakülah, A., & Uslu, N. (2018). Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Kavramsal Öğrenmede Zihinsel Durumlarının Belirlenmesi: Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması. Necatibey Faculty of Education Electronic Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 12(2), 572-593. https://doi.org/10.17522/balikesirnef.506473