Fizik Öğretiminde Deneyler: Laboratuvar Becerilerinin Gelişimine İlişkin Bir Yaklaşım

Year 2020, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 1 - 29, 30.06.2020

Olga Gkioka

https://doi.org/10.17522/balikesirnef.560416

Abstract

Bu makale, fizik
öğretiminde deneylerin, laboratuvar becerilerini geliştirdiği fikrini
desteklemek amacıyla yapılan bir araştırma çalışmasıdır. Makale, Avrupa ve
ABD’deki farklı müfredatlarda laboratuvar çalışmalarının rolünü tartışarak,
laboratuvar çalışmalarının laboratuvar becerilerinin geliştirilmesine sağladığı
katkılara yönelik müfredat dökümanlarına vurgu yapmaktadır. Ardından 123 fizik
öğretmen adayı ile yapılan deneysel çalışmanın bulguları rapor edilmektedir.
Çalışma, eğitim fakültesi fizik öğretmenliği bölümünde öğrenim gören öğretmen
adaylarının eğitim programı kapsamında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcılar üç
yıl süresince altı farklı yarıyılda gruplandırılmıştır. Süreç boyunca
katılımcılar deney yapma, laboratuvar raporu hazırlama ve okul ortamlarında
laboratuvar kullanımını öğretmek amacıyla üzere ders planları hazırlama gibi
eylemleri gerçekleştirmişlerdir. Ayrıca, ders planlarının hazırlık sürecinde
birçok katılımcı ile kısa görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın temel amacı,
öğretmen adaylarının fizik öğretiminde deneylerin amaçlarını kavramalarını
sağlamak ve laboratuvar uygulamaları için ders planı hazırlarken
karşılaştıkları zorlukları tespit etmektir. Program genel olarak,
katılımcıların “deneyler, bir hipotezi kanıtlamak veya bir teoriyi doğrulamak
için kullanılır” fikrinden “deneyler, hedeflediğimiz laboratuvar becerilerinin
geliştirilmesini sağlar” fikrine doğru kademeli bir değişimi sağlamasında
başarılı olmuştur. Son olarak ise, Türkiye’deki müfredat geliştirme ve öğretmen
eğitimi üzerine uygulamalar tartışılmıştır. 

Keywords

laboratuvar becerileri, laboratuvar çalışması, fizik öğretiminde deneyler, fizik müfredatı, fizik öğretmeni eğitimi

Experiments in physics teaching: Towards an approach to laboratory skills development

Abstract

The aim of the present paper is to report on a research study which
aimed to promote the idea that experiments in physics teaching should enhance
the development of laboratory skills. The paper begins with a discussion of the
role of laboratory work, as presented in different curricula in Europe and the
US. Emphasis has been given to curriculum guidelines, according to which,
laboratory work should promote the development of laboratory skills. Then, an
empirical research study with one hundred and twenty-three (123) pre-service
physics teachers has been reported. The study took place within the context of
a pre-service teacher education program in a Department of Physics Teaching.
The participants were distributed in six different semesters during three years.
They performed experiments, wrote laboratory reports and prepared lesson plans
to teach in the school laboratory. In addition, short interviews were conducted
with quite many of them, while preparing lesson plans. The research goal was to
investigate teachers’ understanding of the purpose of experiments in physics
teaching and their difficulties when preparing lesson plans to teach in the
lab. The program was successful in helping the participants to gradually
‘shift’ from the idea that experiments are used to verify a hypothesis or
confirm theory, to the position that experiments should promote the development
of laboratory skills. Implications for curriculum development and pre-service
teacher education in Turkey have been discussed.

Keywords

laboratory skills, laboratory work, experiments in physics teaching, physics curriculum, physics teacher education

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