İvesi Irkı Koyunlarda Yavru Sayısına Göre Amniyon Sıvısındaki Biyokimyasal Değişikliklerin Belirlenmesi.

Year 2022, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 420 - 425, 04.10.2022

Tuğra Akkuş , Ömer Yaprakcı

https://doi.org/10.53424/balikesirsbd.1087599

Abstract

Amaç: Sunulan çalışma İvesi ırkı koyunlarda doğum zamanı alınan amniyon sıvısı içerisindeki bazı biyokimyasal ve hormonal belirteçlere bakarak ikiz ve tekiz gebelikler arasındaki metabolik ihtiyaç farkını araştırmak için yapıldı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmada toplam 30 adet İvesi ırkı koyun kullanıldı. Çalışmanın birinci grubunu (Grup 1, n=15); tek yavru taşıyan koyunlar, çalışmanın ikinci grubunu (Grup 2, n=15) ise; iki yavru taşıyan koyunlar oluşturdu. Her iki çalışma gruplarındaki koyunlardan; doğum zamanı vulva dudakları arasından sarkan amniyon kesesinin bütünlüğünü bozmadan steril enjektör ile 10 ml amniyon sıvısı alındı. Alınan amniyon sıvısından elektrolit (sodyum, potasyum, klor, kalsiyum, fosfor), total protein, glikoz, karaciğer (ALT ve AST), böbrek biyomarkerları (üre ve keratinin) ve kortizol düzeyleri ölçüldü. Elde edilen veriler bağımsız gruplar t test ile analiz edildi. Bulgular: Glikoz ve kortizol düzeyleri ikiz gebe grubunda tekiz gebe grubuna göre anlamlı derecede yüksekti (p<0.05). Kalsiyum düzeyi tekiz gebe grubunda ikiz gebe grubuna göre anlamlı derecede yüksek olduğu görüldü (p<0.05). Sonuç: Yavru sayısına bağlı meydana gelen metabolik ihtiyaç farklılıklarının göz önüne alınması, gebelik ve doğum sürecinin takibinde değerlendirilmesi gereken bir parametre olabileceği kanısına varıldı.

Keywords

Amniyon sıvısı, İkiz gebelik, Biyokimyasal değişiklik, Kortizol

Determination of Biochemical Changes in Amniotic Fluid According to the Number of Offspring in Awassi Sheep

Abstract

Aim: The present study was carried out to investigate the difference in metabolic needs between twin and singleton pregnancies by looking at some biochemical and hormonal markers in the amniotic fluid taken at the time of birth in Awassi sheep. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 Awassi sheep were used in the study. The first group of the study (Group 1, n=15); ewes carrying one offspring included the second group of the study (Group 2, n=15); created sheep carrying two offsprings. From the sheep in both study groups; 10 ml of amniotic fluid was taken with a sterile syringe without disturbing the integrity of the amniotic sac hanging from the lips of the vulva at the time of delivery. Electrolyte (sodium, potassium, chlorine, calcium, phosphorus), total protein, glucose, liver (ALT and AST), kidney biomarkers (urea and keratinin) and cortisol levels were measured from the amniotic fluid. Obtained data were analyzed with independent samples t-test. Results: Glucose and cortisol levels were significantly higher in the twin pregnant group than in the singleton pregnant group (p<0.05). Calcium level was found to be significantly higher in the single pregnant group than in the twin pregnant group (p<0.05). As a result, a difference was observed in the parameters evaluated depending on the number of offspring in the amniotic fluid. Conclusion: It was concluded that considering the metabolic needs differences due to the number of offspring may be a parameter that should be evaluated in the follow-up of the pregnancy and birth process.

Keywords

Amniotic fluid, Twin pregnancy, Biochemical change, Cortisol

References

• Alaçam E. Gebelik Fizyolojisi. In: Alaçam E (Editör), Evcil Hayvanlarda Reprodüksiyon Suni Tohumlama, Doğum ve İnfertilite, Birinci Baskı, Konya: Dizgi evi 1994, 127-137.
• Arthur G.H., Noakes D.E & Peorsan H. (1992). İnfertility İn The Cow: General Considerations, Anatomical, Functional And Management Causes. Veterinary Reproduction & Obstetrics (Theriogenology). London: ELBS with Bailliere Tindall.
• Assis Neto A.C., Santos C.C.,Pereira F.T.V & Miglino MA. (2009). Initial Development of Bovine Placentation (Bos indicus) from the Point of View of the Allantois and Amnion. Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia, 38, 341-347. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.2009.00949.x
• Assis Neto A.C., Pereira F.T.V., Santos T.C., Ambrosio C.E., Leiser R & Miglino A. (2010). Morpho-physical Recording of Bovine Conceptus (Bos indicus) and Placenta from Days 20 to 70 of Pregnancy. Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 45, 760-772. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0531.2009.01345.x
• Banan Khojasteh S.M., Khadjeh G.H., Ranjbar R & Salehi M. (2011). Studies on biochemical constituents of goat allantoic fluid during different stages of gestation. Egyptian Journal of Sheep & Goat Sciences, 6, 1-5
• Briese, V., Kunkel, S., Plath, C., Wutzke, K. D. & Plesse, R. (1999). Sialic acid, steroids and proteohormones in maternal, cord and retroplacental blood. Zeitschrift fur Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie, 203, 63-68.
• Carter J. (1990). Liver function in normal pregnancy. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 30, 296-302. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479 28X.1990.tb02014.x
• Cuckle H. (2014). Prenatal screening using maternal markers. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 3, 504-520. https:// doi.org/ 10.3390/jcm3020504.
• Challis J.R.G., Matthews S.G., Gibb W & Lye S.J. (2000). Endocrine and paracrine regulation of birth at term and preterm. Endocrinology Review, 21, 514-550. https://doi.org/10.1210/edrv.21.5.0407.
• Essawi W.M., Mostafa D.I.A. & El Shorbagy A.I.A. (2020). Comparison between biochemical analysis of cattle amniotic fluid and maternal serum components during pregnancy. World Veterinary Journal, 10, 67-73. https://doi.org/ 10.36380/scil.2020.
• Hay W.W. (2006). Placental-fetal glucose exchange and fetal glucose metabolism. Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association, 117, 321-340.
• Herman J.P., McKlveen J.M., Ghosal S., Kopp B., Wulsin A., Makinson R., Scheimann J. & Myers B. (2016). Regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical stress response. Comprehensive Physiology, 6, 603-621. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/cphy.c150015.
• Hill L.M., Krohn M, Lazebnik N., Tush B., Boyles D & Ursiny J.J. (2000). The amniotic fluid index in normal twin pregnancies. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 182, 950-954. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9378(00)70352-8
• Ippolito D.L., Bergstrom .JE., Lutgendorf M.A., Flood-Nichols S.K & Magann E.F. (2014). A systematic review of amniotic fluid assessments in twin pregnancies. Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, 33, 1353-1364. https://doi.org/10.7863/ultra.33.8.1353.
• Jo B.W., Shim Y.J., Choi J.H., Kim J.S., Lee H.J & Kim H.S. (2015). Formula fed twin infants with recurrent hypocalcemic seizures with vitamin D deficient rickets and hyperphosphatemia. Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism, 20, 102-105. https://doi.org/10.6065/apem.2015.20.2.102
• Kalhan S. & Parimi P. (2000). Gluconeogenesis in the fetus and neonate. Seminars in Perinatology, 24(2), 94-106. https://doi.org/10.1053/sp.2000.6360.
• Küplülü Ş. Plasentasyon ve Gebelik Süreci In: Alaçam E (Editör). Theriogenology, Evcil Hayvanlarda Reprodüksiyon Suni Tohumlama, Obstetrik ve İnfertilite, Birinci Baskı, Ankara: Nurol Matbaacılık 1990: 97-107.
• Lain, K. Y. & Catalano, P. M. (2007). Metabolic changes in pregnancy. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology, 50, 938-948. https://doi.org/10.1097/GRF.0b013e31815a5494.
• Mackie F.L, Whittle R, Morris R.K., Hyett J., Riley R.D & Kilby M.D. (2019). First-trimester ultrasound measurements and maternal serum biomarkers as prognostic factors in monochorionic twins: a cohort study. Diagnostic and Prognostic Research, 3, 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41512-019-0054-9
• Moghaddam, G. H., & Olfati, A. (2012). Metabolic profiles in crossbreed ewes in late pregnancy. In Proceedings of the 15th AAAP Animal Science Congress, pp. 26-30.
• Mbegbu E.C., Anya K.O., Oguejiofor C.F., Ugwuanyi H.E & Ohamarike I.O. (2021). Placenta morphological and amniotic fluid biochemical changes associated with mid gestation single and twin pregnancies in red sokoto goats. International Journal of Veterinary Science, 10(1), 8-12. https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.ijvs/2020.014
• Narelle H. (2017). Biochemical changes in pregnancy-what should a clinician know? Journal of Gynecology and Women’s Health, 4, 555626.002. https://doi.org/10.19080/JGWH.2017.04.555626.
• Pasciu V., Baralla E., Nieddu M., Succu S., Porcu C., Leoni G.G., Sechi P, Bomboi GC & Berlinguer F. (2019). Commercial human kits' applicability for the determination of biochemical parameters in sheep plasma. The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 81, 294-297. https://doi.org/ 10.1292/jvms.18-0356
• Pfarrer C., Ebert B., Miglino M.A., Klisch K. & Leiser R. (2001). The threedimensional feto-maternal vascular interrelationship during early bovine placental development: a scanning electron microscopical study. Journal of Anatomy, 198, 591-602.
• Prestes N.C., Chalhoub M., Lopes M.D. & Takahira R.K. (2001). Amniocentesis and biochemical evaluation of amniotic fluid in ewes at 70, 100 and 145 days of pregnancy. Small Ruminant Research, 39(3), 277-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4488(00)00202-9
• Rici R.E.G., Facciotti P.R., Maria D.A., Fernandes V.M., Ambrosio &Miglino M.A. (2011). Evaluation of the contribution of the placentomal fusion during gestation in cattle. Animal Reproduction Science, 126, 143-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2011.06.004.
• Robert S.J. (1986) Veterinary obstetrics and genital disease (Theriogenelogy), 3rd edn. Edwards Brothers, Woodstock. pp 41-49.
• Suttle N.F. (2010). The mineral nutrition of livestock. 4th ed. CABI International, Wallingford Suttle, MPG Books Group: London, UK, 2010; p. 565.
• Schlafer D.H., Fisher P.J. & Davies C.J. (2000). The bovine placenta before and after birth: placental development and function in health and disease. Animal Reproduction Science, 60-61, 145-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4320(00)00132-9
• Shaw S.S., Bollini S, Nader K.A., Gastadello A., Mehta V. & Filppi E. (2011). Autologous transplantation of amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells into sheep fetuses. Cell Transplantation, 20(7), 1015-1031. https://doi.org/10.3727/096368910X543402
• Underwood, M. A., Gilbert, W. M. & Sherman, M. P. (2005). Amniotic fluid: Not just fetal urine anymore. Journal of Perinatology, 25, 341-348. https://doi.org/ 10.1038/sj.jp.7211290.
• Wood C.E. & Keller-Wood M. (2016). The critical importance of the fetal hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. F1000 Research, 5, 115. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.7224.1