Biyokütle Kullanımının Enerji, Çevre, Sağlık ve Ekonomi Açısından Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Dünyadaki nüfus artışına bağlı olarak ürün ve hizmetlerin sayısında ve kalitesinde de artışlar görülmektedir. Bu artışlarla birlikte enerjiye duyulan ihtiyaç da fazlalaşmıştır. Birçok ülkenin kısa ve uzun vadede enerji politikaları uygulaması ve farklı enerji kaynaklarına yatırım yapması akademik ve ticari alanlara da ivme kazandırmıştır. Enerji kaynağı olarak kullanılan kömür, petrol ve doğalgazın belirli alanlarda bulunması, nükleer, hidroelektrik ve yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına yönelimi arttırmıştır. Yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları içinde yer alan biyokütle, geniş bir ürün yelpazesine sahiptir. Odunsu materyaller ve endüstriyel atıkların yanında servis ömrünü tamamlamış ahşap bazlı ürün ve yapılar da önemli biyokütle kaynaklarıdır. Bu kaynakların pelet veya kömüre dönüştürülmesi veya doğrudan yakılması, çevreye ve insan sağlığına zararlı gazların salınımı sorununu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Enerji kaynağı olarak kullanılacak biyoyakıtın kimyasal içeriği ve işlem görmüş olması bu gazların çeşitliliği ve miktarında etkili olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, biyoyakıtların enerji kaynağı olarak kullanılması ve ekonomiye katkıları incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, yakılması sonucu ortaya çıkan duman ve gazların çevre ve sağlık açısından değerlendirilmesi yapılarak bu alanda yapılacak çalışmalar için literatür oluşturulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyokütle
• Biyoyakıt
• Uçucu organik bileşikler
• Duman analizi

Evaluation of Biomass Use In Terms of Energy, Environment, Health and Economy

Abstract

There is also an increase in the number and quality of products and services depend on population growth in the world. These increases, naturally, have further increased the importance of energy. The implementations of energy policies in the short and long term of many countries and investment in different energy sources have accelerated academic and commercial areas. Coal, petroleum and natural gas having in certain areas have increased orientation to nuclear, hydroelectric and renewable energy sources. Biomass which is renewable energy sources has a wide range of products. Wooden materials and industrial wastes, wood-based products and constructions that have completed their service life are also important biomass resources. The conversion of these sources into pellets or coal mines or direct burning bring about the problem of the release of harmful gases to the environment and human health. The chemical content and processing of biofuel which is used as an energy source have affected diversity and quantity of these gases. In this study, the use of biofuels as a source of energy and its contribution to the economy was examined. In addition, contribution has been made to the literature in this area by evaluating the smoke and gases arising as a result of burning biofuels in terms of health and environment.

Keywords

• Biomass
• Biofuels
• Volatile organic compounds
• Smoke analysis

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