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THE ROLE of WETLANDS in WATERSHED SYSTEM

Year 2004, Volume: 6 Issue: 6, 117 - 126, 01.06.2004

Abstract

Watersheds are product systems which have natural and humanity inputs and outputs. Wetlands are known to be the most productive ecosystems and transitional areas between terresterial and aquatic systems in a watershed system. Wetlands are ecosystems which consist of physical, chemical, and biological elements such as soil, water, plant and animal species, and nutrients. Wetlands perform a variety of biogeochemical functions, including sediment deposition, nitrogen and phosphorus removal, and transformation of inorganic nutrients to organic forms. Because of this important functions and values wetlands play very important roles upon watershed hydrology and water quality as a component of watersheds. Wetlands functions related to water quality is governed by climate, geomorphology and the source of water to the wetlands. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the role of wetlands as a component of watershed and to discuss the importance of watershed management approach providing sustainibility of this ecosystems.

References

  • Anonim, 1984. Wetlands of United States: Current Status and Recent Trends, National Wetlands Inventory, Fish and Wildlife Service, USA.
  • Anonim, 1998. Stream Corridor, Restoration. Principles, Processes and Practices, US Government Printing Office, EPA Number: 841-R-98-900.
  • Anderson, S.D., 1999. Watershed Management and Nonpoint Source Pollution, The Massachusetts Approach, Boston Collage Environmental Affairs Law Review, Winter 1999, Vol:21, Issue: 2, pp:339, US.
  • Anonim, 2002. Discover Wetlands-A Curriculum Guide, Part B, Publication Number:88-16b. http://www.ecy.wa.gov/biblio/8816b.html
  • Anonim, 2005. Tip of the Mitt Watershed Council, Wetland Functions. http://www.watershedcouncil.org (28.03.2005 tarihli tarama sonucu).
  • Cowardin, L.M., Carter, V., Golet, F.C., Laroe, E.T., 1979. Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States, U.S. Department of Interior Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, U.S.A., 45 p.
  • Craft, C.B., Richardson, C.J., 1993. Peat Accretion and N, P, and Organic Accumulation in Nutrient-Enriched and Unenriched Everglades Peatlands, Ecol. Appl. 3, p: 446–458.
  • DeBusk, W.F.,1999. Functional Role of Wetlands in Watersheds, Florida, Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Univ. Of Florida, http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu
  • Dugan, 1990. Wetland Conservation. A Review of Current Issues and Required Action, IUCN, The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland.
  • European Community, 1993. Wetland Conservation, Actions Commited by the European Community, Directorate-General XI Environment, Nuclear Safety and Civil Protection.
  • Hsieh, H.L., Chena, C.P., Linc, Y.Y., 2004. Strategic Planning for a Wetlands Conservation, Greenway Along The West Coast of Taiwan, Ocean&Coastal Management, 47, pp: 257-272.
  • Hughes, J.M.R., 1992. Use andA buse of Wetlands, Environmental Issues in 1990’s Eds: A.M. Mannion and S.R. Bowly, John Wiley&Sons Ltd., USA.
  • Karadeniz, N., 1995. Sultansazlığı Örneğinde Islak Alanların Çevre Koruma Açısından Önemi Üzerinde Bir Araştırma, Doktora Tezi (Yayınlanmamış), A.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 268 S., Ankara.
  • Kauffman G.J., 2002. What If..The United States of America Were Based on Watersheds, Water Policy, Vol: 4, Pp: 57-68.
  • Karadeniz, N., Güneş, G., 2002. Dağ Ekosistemleri ve Sürdürülebilir Yaklaşımlar, Türkiye Dağları, I. Ulusal Sempozyumu, 25-27 Haziran, Ilgaz Dağı.
  • Kence, M., 2005. The Conservation of Wetlands, http://www.didask-kek.gr/bio/html/pubs/vol5/html/kenmtur.htm
  • Kabii, T., 2005. Ramsar Wetland Classification: Implications on the Conservation and Wise Use of Wetlands in Africa, http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6611e03b.htm
  • Koohafkan, P.,2005. Use of Agro-ecological Zones and Resource Management Domains For Sustainable Management of African Wetlands, Resource Papers Presented at the Consultation, http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6611e03b.htm
  • Kusler, J. 2003. Wetlands and Watershed Management, Institute for Wetland Science and Public Policy of the Association of State Wetland Managers, Publication Number: 28.
  • İnaç, S., 2001. Kahramanmaraş Türkoğlu Gavur Gölü Sulak Alanında Yaban Hayatı, Türkiye Ormancılar Derneği, I. Ulusal Ormancılık Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı, 19-20 Mart 2001, Ankara, s: 536-543.
  • Marble, A.D., 1992.A Guide to Wetland Functional Design, Lewis Publishers, USA.
  • Marsh, W., 1991. Wetlands, Habitat and land Use Planning, Environmental Applications, 2nd Editions, John Wiley and Sons Inc. New York, USA.
  • Mitsch, W.J., Gosselink, J.G., 2000. Wetlands, Third ed. Wiley, New York.
  • Odum, P.E, 1989. Ecology and Our Endangered Life-Support Systems, Sinaver Associaters, Inc., USA.
  • Özesmi, U., Özesmi, S.L., 1997. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde Sulak Alan Tanımı ve Korunması: Türkiye İçin Getirdikleri, III. Ulusal Ekoloji ve Çevre Kongresi, Ağustos, Kırşehir. http: //env.erciyes.edu.tr/abstracts/abstracts-turkwet.html
  • Ramsar Convention Bureau, 1992. Ramsar Convention, Slimbridge, England.
  • Trepel, M., Kluge, W., 2002. Ecohydrological Characterisation of a Degenerated Valley Peatland in Northern Germany for Use in Restoration, Journal of Nature Conservation, 10, 155-169.
  • Williams, M., 1993. Understanding Wetlands, In: M.Williams (Ed), Wetlands a Threatened Landscape, The Intitute of British Geographers, Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, UK.

SULAK ALANLARIN HAVZA SİSTEMİ İÇİNDEKİ YERİ

Year 2004, Volume: 6 Issue: 6, 117 - 126, 01.06.2004

Abstract

Yağış havzaları doğal ve insani girdi ve çıktıları olan üretim sistemleridir. Sulak alanlar ise bu sistem içerisinde karasal ve sucul ekosistemler arasında geçişi sağlayan doğadaki en verimli ekosistemlerden biri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadırlar. Sulak alanlar toprak, su, bitki, hayvan türleri ve besin maddeleri gibi fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik elementlerden oluşan ekosistemlerdir. Bu alanlar sediment depolama, azot ve fosforu sistemden uzaklaştırma ve inorganik formdaki besin elementlerini, organik forma dönüştürme gibi çok önemli birçok biyojeokimyasal özelliklere sahiptirler. Bu özelliklerinden kaynaklanan birçok işlevlerinden dolayı sulak alanlar, havza sistemi içerisinde, havza hidrolojisi ve su kalitesi üzerinde önemli rol oynamaktadır. Sulak alanların özellikle su kalitesiyle ilgili işlevleri, iklim, jeomorfoloji ve sulak alandaki suyun kaynağı gibi faktörler tarafından etkilenmektedir. Bu çalışmada sulak alanların önemli bir havza bileşeni olarak sistem içerisindeki yeri ve işlevleri irdelenmiş ve bu ekosistemlerin devamlılığının sağlanmasında havza amenajmanı yaklaşımının önemi tartışılmıştır.

References

  • Anonim, 1984. Wetlands of United States: Current Status and Recent Trends, National Wetlands Inventory, Fish and Wildlife Service, USA.
  • Anonim, 1998. Stream Corridor, Restoration. Principles, Processes and Practices, US Government Printing Office, EPA Number: 841-R-98-900.
  • Anderson, S.D., 1999. Watershed Management and Nonpoint Source Pollution, The Massachusetts Approach, Boston Collage Environmental Affairs Law Review, Winter 1999, Vol:21, Issue: 2, pp:339, US.
  • Anonim, 2002. Discover Wetlands-A Curriculum Guide, Part B, Publication Number:88-16b. http://www.ecy.wa.gov/biblio/8816b.html
  • Anonim, 2005. Tip of the Mitt Watershed Council, Wetland Functions. http://www.watershedcouncil.org (28.03.2005 tarihli tarama sonucu).
  • Cowardin, L.M., Carter, V., Golet, F.C., Laroe, E.T., 1979. Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States, U.S. Department of Interior Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, U.S.A., 45 p.
  • Craft, C.B., Richardson, C.J., 1993. Peat Accretion and N, P, and Organic Accumulation in Nutrient-Enriched and Unenriched Everglades Peatlands, Ecol. Appl. 3, p: 446–458.
  • DeBusk, W.F.,1999. Functional Role of Wetlands in Watersheds, Florida, Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Univ. Of Florida, http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu
  • Dugan, 1990. Wetland Conservation. A Review of Current Issues and Required Action, IUCN, The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland.
  • European Community, 1993. Wetland Conservation, Actions Commited by the European Community, Directorate-General XI Environment, Nuclear Safety and Civil Protection.
  • Hsieh, H.L., Chena, C.P., Linc, Y.Y., 2004. Strategic Planning for a Wetlands Conservation, Greenway Along The West Coast of Taiwan, Ocean&Coastal Management, 47, pp: 257-272.
  • Hughes, J.M.R., 1992. Use andA buse of Wetlands, Environmental Issues in 1990’s Eds: A.M. Mannion and S.R. Bowly, John Wiley&Sons Ltd., USA.
  • Karadeniz, N., 1995. Sultansazlığı Örneğinde Islak Alanların Çevre Koruma Açısından Önemi Üzerinde Bir Araştırma, Doktora Tezi (Yayınlanmamış), A.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 268 S., Ankara.
  • Kauffman G.J., 2002. What If..The United States of America Were Based on Watersheds, Water Policy, Vol: 4, Pp: 57-68.
  • Karadeniz, N., Güneş, G., 2002. Dağ Ekosistemleri ve Sürdürülebilir Yaklaşımlar, Türkiye Dağları, I. Ulusal Sempozyumu, 25-27 Haziran, Ilgaz Dağı.
  • Kence, M., 2005. The Conservation of Wetlands, http://www.didask-kek.gr/bio/html/pubs/vol5/html/kenmtur.htm
  • Kabii, T., 2005. Ramsar Wetland Classification: Implications on the Conservation and Wise Use of Wetlands in Africa, http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6611e03b.htm
  • Koohafkan, P.,2005. Use of Agro-ecological Zones and Resource Management Domains For Sustainable Management of African Wetlands, Resource Papers Presented at the Consultation, http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6611e03b.htm
  • Kusler, J. 2003. Wetlands and Watershed Management, Institute for Wetland Science and Public Policy of the Association of State Wetland Managers, Publication Number: 28.
  • İnaç, S., 2001. Kahramanmaraş Türkoğlu Gavur Gölü Sulak Alanında Yaban Hayatı, Türkiye Ormancılar Derneği, I. Ulusal Ormancılık Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı, 19-20 Mart 2001, Ankara, s: 536-543.
  • Marble, A.D., 1992.A Guide to Wetland Functional Design, Lewis Publishers, USA.
  • Marsh, W., 1991. Wetlands, Habitat and land Use Planning, Environmental Applications, 2nd Editions, John Wiley and Sons Inc. New York, USA.
  • Mitsch, W.J., Gosselink, J.G., 2000. Wetlands, Third ed. Wiley, New York.
  • Odum, P.E, 1989. Ecology and Our Endangered Life-Support Systems, Sinaver Associaters, Inc., USA.
  • Özesmi, U., Özesmi, S.L., 1997. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde Sulak Alan Tanımı ve Korunması: Türkiye İçin Getirdikleri, III. Ulusal Ekoloji ve Çevre Kongresi, Ağustos, Kırşehir. http: //env.erciyes.edu.tr/abstracts/abstracts-turkwet.html
  • Ramsar Convention Bureau, 1992. Ramsar Convention, Slimbridge, England.
  • Trepel, M., Kluge, W., 2002. Ecohydrological Characterisation of a Degenerated Valley Peatland in Northern Germany for Use in Restoration, Journal of Nature Conservation, 10, 155-169.
  • Williams, M., 1993. Understanding Wetlands, In: M.Williams (Ed), Wetlands a Threatened Landscape, The Intitute of British Geographers, Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, UK.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Selma Yaşar Korkanç This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2004
Published in Issue Year 2004 Volume: 6 Issue: 6

Cite

APA Korkanç, S. Y. (2004). SULAK ALANLARIN HAVZA SİSTEMİ İÇİNDEKİ YERİ. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(6), 117-126.


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