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Bursa Kenti Örneğinde Kentsel Yeşil Alanların İrdelenmesi

Year 2018, Volume: 20 Issue: 3, 402 - 408, 15.12.2018

Abstract

Hızlı nüfus artışı, nüfus artışına bağlı düzensiz
kentleşme, kirlilik kentlerde yaşam kalitesini etkileyen en büyük sorunlardan
sadece bazıları olup, yaşanabilir kentler üzerinde büyük etkileri vardır. Yaşam
kalitesi, kentsel çevrenin ve kent sakinlerinin fiziksel, sosyal ve ekonomik
özellikleri ile nicelleştirilebilir. Bu araştırma, Bursa kentindeki yeşil alan
varlığı üzerine odaklanmıştır. Bursa kentinde bulunan yeşil alanların mevcut
durumlarının araştırılması ve ilçe düzeyinde yeşil alan gereksinimlerinin
belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma alanı, Bursa kent dokusunu (tarihi kent
çekirdeği ve bu çevreyle kesintisiz bağlantılı gelişme alanları) oluşturan
Osmangazi, Nilüfer, Yıldırım, Gürsu ve Kestel ilçelerinin mahalleleri ile
sınırlandırılmıştır. Bu çalışmada öncelikle Bursa'da yeşil alan varlığı,
belediyelerden alınan veriler, hava fotoğrafları ve arazi çalışmasıyla tespit
edilmiştir. İkinci aşamada kişi başına düşen yeşil alan değerleri
hesaplanmıştır. Son olarak, Bursa kenti yeşil alanları için ilçe düzeyinde
öneriler geliştirilmiştir. Bursa kentinde, aktif yeşil alanların kentsel alana
oranı %0.066, pasif yeşil alanların oranı %0.072, diğer yeşil alanların oranı
ise 0.04' tür. Yeşil alanların tümü ise kentsel alanın %0.177’sini
kaplamaktadır. En fazla yeşil alan miktarı Osmangazi ilçesinde, en az yeşil
alan miktarı ise Gürsu ilçesindedir. Kişi başına düşen yeşil alan miktarı
düşükten yükseğe doğru sırasıyla Yıldırım (1.71), Gürsu (1.90), Osmangazi
(5.10), Nilüfer (9,59) ve Kestel (25.06)’dir. Kişi başına düşen yeşil alan
miktarı en fazla Kestel ilçesindedir. Ancak bu miktarın fazlalığı ilçede
bulunan mezarlıktan kaynaklanmaktadır. Kestel ilçesindeki aktif yeşil alanların
arttırılması için çaba harcanmalıdır. Yaşanabilir şehirler için kişi başına
düşen yeşil alan miktarları artırılmalıdır.

References

  • Alm LE (2007). Urban Green Structure A hidden resource, Baltic University Urban Forum Urban Management Guidebook V, Green Structures in the Sustainable City, Chalmers University of Technology, pp:13
  • Aksoy Y, Akpınar A (2011). A Research About Public Green Area Use And Green Area Demand İn Istanbul Fatih District. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. ss: 82
  • Altunkasa F, Berberoglu S, Uslu C (2011). Sosyal Donatı Alanlarının Kentsel Yaşam Niteliği Yönünden Değerlendirilmesi: Kültürel Mekanlar, Açık Alanlar ve Yeşil Alanlar Açısından Adana Kenti İçin Bir Model Önerisi. TUBITAK Project Report, ss:11-12
  • Bilgili BC , Gökyer E (2012). “Urban Green Space System Planning”. Dr. Murat Ozyavuz (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-51-0654-8, InTech, Available from http://www.intechopen.com/books/landscape-planning/urban-green-space-system-planning
  • Bolund P, Hunhammar S (1999). “Ecosystems services in urban areas.” Ecological Economics 29, pp. 293-301
  • Byrne J, Sıpe N (2010). Green and open space planning for urban consolidation – A review of the literature and best practice, Urban Research Program, ISBN 978-1-921291-96-8
  • Cohen M (1996). “Habitat II and the challenge of the urban environment: bringing together the two definitions of habitat.” International Social Science Journal, March’96: pp: 95-101
  • Emür SH, Onsekız D (2007). The Importance of Open and Green Areas in the Components of Urban Life Quality-the Analysis of Park Areas in Kayseri/Kocasinan District. Erciyes University, Journal of Social Sciences Institute, (22 ):367–369
  • Gangloff D (1996). “The sustainable city”. American Forests 101 (5-6), pp: 30-36
  • Gómez F, Jabaloyes J, Montero L, De Vicente V, Valcuende M (2011). “Green areas, the most significant ındicator of the sustainability of cities: Research on their utility for urban planning.” Journal of Urban Planning and Development, Vol. 137, No. 3, pp: 311–328
  • Jim CY (2004). “Green-space preservation and allocation for the sustainable greening of compact cities.” Cities 21:4, pp: 311-320
  • Kotler P, Jatusrıpıtak S, Maesıncee S (1997). The Marketing of Nations: A Strategic Approach to Building National Wealth. Free Press, New York, pp: 451
  • Leeuwen EV, Nıjkamp P, Noronha Vaz TD (2010). The multifunctional use of urban greenspace. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability. ISSN: 1473-5903
  • Mertes JD, Hall JR (1995). Park, Recreation, Open Space and Greenway Guidelines, National Recreation and Park Association (NRPA), Published Report, Arlington, VA, USA
  • T.C. Resmi Gazete (1999). Appendix-1 of the Regulation on Principles of Planning. 02.09.1985, No:23804, Ankara
  • TUIK. Turkish Statistical Institute (2017). https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=95&locale=tr. (Accessed 15.09.2017)
  • UK NPAS (1991). United Kingdom National Playgrounds Association Standards, England Environmental Department
  • Wıllıs KG, Turner RK, Bateman IJ (2001). Urban planning and management, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK, pp:544
  • Zencirkıran M (2013). Peyzaj Bitkileri I. (Açık Tohumlu Bitkiler-Gymnospermae), Nobel Yayınları, Yayın No: 605: 475:

Investigation of Urban Green Spaces in the Case of Bursa Province

Year 2018, Volume: 20 Issue: 3, 402 - 408, 15.12.2018

Abstract

Rapid population growth, irregular urbanization due to
population growth, pollution is just some of the biggest problems affecting the
quality of cities and has great impacts on livable cities.  Quality of life is quantified by physical,
social and economic characteristics of the urban environment and urban
inhabitants. This research focused on green spaces in Bursa province. It is
aimed to investigate the existing assets of the green spaces in Bursa province
and to determine the green space requirements at the district level. The
historical city core and neighborhoods with uninterrupted connection with this
region in Bursa province (Osmangazi, Nilüfer, Yıldırım, Gürsu and Kestel
districts) were studied as a research area. As first step, In this study, firstly,
green space presence in Bursa was determined by data taken from municipalities,
aerial photographs and field study. In the second step, green space values per
person are calculated. Finally, district-level suggestions regarding the green
spaces of the research area have been developed. In the research area, the
ratio of active green spaces to urban areas is 0.066%, passive green spaces
0.072% and other green spaces 0.04%. All of the green spaces cover 0,177% of
the urban area. The maximum amount of green spaces is in Osmangazi district and
the least amount of green spaces is in Gürsu. Green space values per person by
districts from low to high are respectively Yıldırım (1.71), Gürsu (1.90),
Osmangazi (5.10), Nilüfer (9,59), and Kestel (25.06).  The highest green space value per person is
in Kestel district and the reason why Kestel has high value is the cemetery area
(1.050.505m2) in the district. Efforts should also be made to increase active
green spaces in Kestel district. Green space values per person should increase
for a livable city.

References

  • Alm LE (2007). Urban Green Structure A hidden resource, Baltic University Urban Forum Urban Management Guidebook V, Green Structures in the Sustainable City, Chalmers University of Technology, pp:13
  • Aksoy Y, Akpınar A (2011). A Research About Public Green Area Use And Green Area Demand İn Istanbul Fatih District. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. ss: 82
  • Altunkasa F, Berberoglu S, Uslu C (2011). Sosyal Donatı Alanlarının Kentsel Yaşam Niteliği Yönünden Değerlendirilmesi: Kültürel Mekanlar, Açık Alanlar ve Yeşil Alanlar Açısından Adana Kenti İçin Bir Model Önerisi. TUBITAK Project Report, ss:11-12
  • Bilgili BC , Gökyer E (2012). “Urban Green Space System Planning”. Dr. Murat Ozyavuz (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-51-0654-8, InTech, Available from http://www.intechopen.com/books/landscape-planning/urban-green-space-system-planning
  • Bolund P, Hunhammar S (1999). “Ecosystems services in urban areas.” Ecological Economics 29, pp. 293-301
  • Byrne J, Sıpe N (2010). Green and open space planning for urban consolidation – A review of the literature and best practice, Urban Research Program, ISBN 978-1-921291-96-8
  • Cohen M (1996). “Habitat II and the challenge of the urban environment: bringing together the two definitions of habitat.” International Social Science Journal, March’96: pp: 95-101
  • Emür SH, Onsekız D (2007). The Importance of Open and Green Areas in the Components of Urban Life Quality-the Analysis of Park Areas in Kayseri/Kocasinan District. Erciyes University, Journal of Social Sciences Institute, (22 ):367–369
  • Gangloff D (1996). “The sustainable city”. American Forests 101 (5-6), pp: 30-36
  • Gómez F, Jabaloyes J, Montero L, De Vicente V, Valcuende M (2011). “Green areas, the most significant ındicator of the sustainability of cities: Research on their utility for urban planning.” Journal of Urban Planning and Development, Vol. 137, No. 3, pp: 311–328
  • Jim CY (2004). “Green-space preservation and allocation for the sustainable greening of compact cities.” Cities 21:4, pp: 311-320
  • Kotler P, Jatusrıpıtak S, Maesıncee S (1997). The Marketing of Nations: A Strategic Approach to Building National Wealth. Free Press, New York, pp: 451
  • Leeuwen EV, Nıjkamp P, Noronha Vaz TD (2010). The multifunctional use of urban greenspace. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability. ISSN: 1473-5903
  • Mertes JD, Hall JR (1995). Park, Recreation, Open Space and Greenway Guidelines, National Recreation and Park Association (NRPA), Published Report, Arlington, VA, USA
  • T.C. Resmi Gazete (1999). Appendix-1 of the Regulation on Principles of Planning. 02.09.1985, No:23804, Ankara
  • TUIK. Turkish Statistical Institute (2017). https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=95&locale=tr. (Accessed 15.09.2017)
  • UK NPAS (1991). United Kingdom National Playgrounds Association Standards, England Environmental Department
  • Wıllıs KG, Turner RK, Bateman IJ (2001). Urban planning and management, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK, pp:544
  • Zencirkıran M (2013). Peyzaj Bitkileri I. (Açık Tohumlu Bitkiler-Gymnospermae), Nobel Yayınları, Yayın No: 605: 475:
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Sustainable Design, Landscape Planning and Architecture
Authors

Elvan Ender Altay 0000-0001-5933-1611

Zeynep Pirselimoğlu Batman 0000-0003-2145-2682

Publication Date December 15, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 20 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Ender Altay, E., & Pirselimoğlu Batman, Z. (2018). Investigation of Urban Green Spaces in the Case of Bursa Province. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(3), 402-408.


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