Açık hava antik alanı (OASIS) yapı taşlarında gözlenen bozunmanın nümerik hesaplama ile belirlenmesi
Öz
Karbonatlı kayalarda bozunma derecesinin
belirlenmesi oldukça zordur. Bu tür kayaların özellikle çözünmeye duyarlı
olmaları nedeniyle, bozunma artıkları ortamdan tamamen uzaklaşarak ve kaya
içerisinde boşluklar oluştururlar. Ayrıca, koruma altındaki tarihi yerlerdeki
yapı taşlarında meydana gelen bozunmanın belirlenmesi de, örneklemede yaşanan
sınırlamalar nedeniyle oldukça güçtür. Akdeniz kıyılarında inşa edilmiş tarihi
yapılar, büyük bloklar elde edilebilen ve yapı taşları için uygun niteliklerde
olan kireçtaşları ile inşa edilmiştir. Olba antik kentinin yapı taşlarında
çözünme ile meydana gelen makro ve mikro ölçekteki bozunmanın izlerine
rastlamak mümkündür. Örnek almadaki kısıtlamalar nedeniyle Olba antik
kentindeki yapı taşlarının mikro ölçekteki bozunma derecelerini belirlemek için
hasar vermeyen bir yöntem kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada, yapı taşlarının mikro
ölçekteki yüzey morfolojisi fraktal boyut yaklaşımı kullanılarak
belirlenmiştir. Bu amaçla, farklı
bozunma derecelerine sahip yapı taşlarından alınan örnekler Taramalı Elektron
Mikroskobunda (SEM) analiz edilmiş ve her bir mineralin fraktal boyutu
hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, yapı taşlarındaki bozunma arttıkça,
fraktal boyutta da bir artış gözlenmektedir. Bu sonuçlar, daha önce makro
ölçekte yapılmış çalışmalarda belirlenen bozunma dereceleri ile uyumluluk
göstermektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Erten, E., Archaeological Surveys at Olba (Uguralani), Silifke-Mersin. Mersin University, Department of Archaeology, internal report, 5p (unpublished) (2003).
- Anonymous, The description and classification of weathered rocks for engineering purposes, Engineering Group Working Party Report, Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 28, 207-242. (1995) doi:10.1144/GSL.QJEGH.1995.028.P3.02.
- Zorlu, K., Description of the weathering states of building stones by fractal geometry and fuzzy inference system in the Olba ancient city (Southern Turkey), Engineering Geology, 101, 3-4, 124-133, (2008).
- Mandelbrot, B.B., How long is the coast of Britain? Statistical self-similarity and fractal dimension, Science, 155, 636-638. (1967).
- Van Put, A., Vertes, A., Wegrzynek, D., Treiger, B. and Van Grieken, R., Quantitative characterization of individual particle surfaces by fractal analysis of scanning electron microscope images, Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 350, 440-447, (1994).
- Douketis, C., Wang, Z., Haslett, T.L. and Moskovits, M., Fractal character of cold-deposited silver films determined by low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy, Physical Review B, 51, 16, 15-51, (1995).
- Mannelquist, A., Almquist, N. and Fredriksson, S., Influence of tip geometry on fractal analysis of atomic force microscopy images, Applied Physics A, 66, 891-895, (1998).
- Zahn, W. and Zösch, A., The dependence of fractal dimension on measuring conditions of scanning probe microscopy, Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 365, 168-172. (1999).
- Zahn, W. and Zösch, A., Characterization of thin film surfaces by fractal geometry. Fresenius Journal of Analen Chemistry, 358, 119-121, (1997).
Assessment of weathering degree of building stones of open air ancient sites (OASIS) by numeric computation
Öz
Assessment
of the weathering degree of carbonate rocks is very difficult because
carbonates are particularly susceptible to solution which can lead to almost
complete removal of the weathering products in solution and than rocks contains
significant voids. Studying weathering states of building stones in historical
places under conservation are also difficult because of sampling limitations.
The ancient buildings have been constructed with limestone in Mediterranean
costs, because of ability to have large blocks and suitability as building
stones. It is possible to observe traces of solution weathering in the building
stones of the buildings of the Olba ancient city in macro and micro scale. Due
to sampling restriction, some non-destructive methods are applied to determine
weathering state of building stones in micro scale in Olba ancient city. In
this purpose, this study investigates surface morphology of the building stones
in micro scale using self-affine fractal behaviours. For this reason, Scanning
Electron Microscope (SEM) analyses were carried out on small samples for the
calculation of fractal dimension of each mineral obtained from building stones
has different weathering states. According to analysis, the increment in the
weathering degree is lead to increasing the fractal dimension. This result is
consistent with previous study carried out in macro scale.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Erten, E., Archaeological Surveys at Olba (Uguralani), Silifke-Mersin. Mersin University, Department of Archaeology, internal report, 5p (unpublished) (2003).
- Anonymous, The description and classification of weathered rocks for engineering purposes, Engineering Group Working Party Report, Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 28, 207-242. (1995) doi:10.1144/GSL.QJEGH.1995.028.P3.02.
- Zorlu, K., Description of the weathering states of building stones by fractal geometry and fuzzy inference system in the Olba ancient city (Southern Turkey), Engineering Geology, 101, 3-4, 124-133, (2008).
- Mandelbrot, B.B., How long is the coast of Britain? Statistical self-similarity and fractal dimension, Science, 155, 636-638. (1967).
- Van Put, A., Vertes, A., Wegrzynek, D., Treiger, B. and Van Grieken, R., Quantitative characterization of individual particle surfaces by fractal analysis of scanning electron microscope images, Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 350, 440-447, (1994).
- Douketis, C., Wang, Z., Haslett, T.L. and Moskovits, M., Fractal character of cold-deposited silver films determined by low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy, Physical Review B, 51, 16, 15-51, (1995).
- Mannelquist, A., Almquist, N. and Fredriksson, S., Influence of tip geometry on fractal analysis of atomic force microscopy images, Applied Physics A, 66, 891-895, (1998).
- Zahn, W. and Zösch, A., The dependence of fractal dimension on measuring conditions of scanning probe microscopy, Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 365, 168-172. (1999).
- Zahn, W. and Zösch, A., Characterization of thin film surfaces by fractal geometry. Fresenius Journal of Analen Chemistry, 358, 119-121, (1997).
Ayrıntılar
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
|---|---|
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 7 Aralık 2017 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 21 Eylül 2017 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2017 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 3 |