Research Article
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Do Place and Community Attachment Influence the Attitude towards Cultural Heritage?

Year 2018, Volume: 21 Issue: 40, 583 - 606, 15.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.31795/baunsobed.492531

Abstract

Local
people are an important stakeholder in terms of preservation and continuity of
cultural heritage. Therefore, it is important to examine the attitudes and
intentions of local people towards cultural heritage. The research was carried
out with a total of 841 residents in the Bergama and Selçuk districts of İzmir,
where the
United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
World Heritage titled Pergamon Multilayer
Cultural Landscape Area and Ephesus is located. In the study, a theoretical
research model is presented and this model is being tested, which deals with
the concepts of attachment  and community
attachment, and attitudes towards perception and conservation of cultural
heritage. The proposed theoretical model has been found to produce good fit
indices and, the residents’ attachment to place and community influenced the
positive perception of cultural heritage and the preservation of the cultural
heritage.

References

  • Ady, J.C. (1994), “Minimizing threats to the validity of cross-cultural organization research”, in Wiseman, R.L. and Shuter, R. (Eds), Communicating in Multinational Organizations, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, pp. 30-42. Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planned Behavior, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211. Ajzen, I. ve Fishbein, M. (2005). The Influence of Attitudes on Behavior, The Handbook of Attitudes, 173 (221). 31, 173-221 Andereck, K. L., Valentine, K. M., Knopf, R. C. ve Vogt, C. A. (2005). Residents’ Perceptions of Community Tourism Impacts, Annals of Tourism Research, 32(4), 1056-1076. Bergama Belediyesi, (2016). Bergama Çok Katmanlı Kültürel Peyzaj Alanı Alan Yönetim Planı, Bergama-İzmir. Bergama Kaymakamlığı. http://www.bergama.gov.tr/ilcemiz-hakkinda-genel-bilgiler (Erişim: 01.01.2018). Brown, G., Raymond, C. M. ve Corcoran, J. (2015). Mapping and Measuring Place Attachment, Applied Geography, 57, 42-53. Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002). Sosyal Bilimleri için Veri Analizi El Kitabı İstatistik Araştırma Deseni-SPSS Uygulamaları ve Yorum, Ankara: Pegem Yayıncılık. Cellini, R. (2011). Is UNESCO Recognition Effective in Fostering Tourism? A Comment on Yang, Lin and Han, Tourism Management, 32(2), 452-454. Chui, C. T. B., Rahim, F. H. A., Khan, N. R. M., Cheng, C. S. ve Hassan, F. H. (2011). Assessing Tourists’ Attitude Towards Responsible Cultural Heritage tourism in Melaka: Development and Validation o Responible Heritage Tourism Scale, IEEE Colloqium on Humanitites, Science and Engineering Research (CHUSER 2011), Dec 5-6, Penang, 497-502. Çelik, H.E. ve Yılmaz, V. (2013). Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi Temel Kavramlar Uygulamalar Programlama, Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık. Davis, A. (2016). Experiential Places or Places of Experience? Place Identity and Place Attachment as Mechanisms for Creating Festival Environment, Tourism Management, 55, 49-61. Drost, A. (1996). Developing Sustainable Tourism for World Heritage Sites, Annals of Tourism Research, 23(2), 479-492. Erdoğan, İ. (2003). Pozitivist Metodoloji Bilimsel Araştırma Tasarımı İstatistiksel Yöntemler Analiz ve Yorum, Ankara: Erk Yayınları. Fazio, R. H. (1986). How Do Attitudes Guide Behavior? R. M. Sorrentino ve E. T. Higgins. (Ed.) Handbook of Motivation and Cognition: Foundations of Social Behavior (ss. 204-243). New York: Guilford Press. Frey, B. S. ve L. Steiner. (2011). World Heritage List: Does It Make Sense?, International Journal of Cultural Policy, 17, 555–573. Goussous, J. S. ve Al-Hammadi, N. A. (2018). Place Attachment Assessment of a Heritage Place: A Case Study of the Roman Ampitheater in Downtown Amman, Jordan, Frontiers of Architectural Research, 7(1), 1-10. Gross, M. J. ve Brown, G. (2008). An Empirical Structural Model of Tourists and Places: Progressing Involvement and Place Attachment into Tourism, Tourism Management, 29(6), 1141-1151. Gu, H. ve Ryan, C. (2008). Place Attachment, Identity and Community Impacts of Tourism-The Case of Beijing Hutong, Tourism Management, 29(4), 637-647. Gürsoy, D., Jurowksi, C. ve Uysal, M. (2002). Residents’ Attitudes: A Structural Modelling Approach, Annals of Tourism Research, 29(1), 79-105. Hidalgo, M. C. ve Hernandez, B. (2001). Place Attachment: Conceptual and Empirical Questions, Journal of Environmental Psychology. 21, 273-281. Huang, C. H., Tsaur, J. R. ve Yang, C. H. (2012). Does World Heritage List Really Induce More Tourists? Evidence from Macau, Tourism Management, 33, 1450-1457. Jorgensen, B. S. ve Stedman, R. C. (2001). Sense of Place as an Attitude: Lakeshore Owners Attitutdes Toward Their Properties, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21(3), 233-248. Jurowski, C., Uysal, M. ve Williams, D. R. (1997). A Theoretical Analysis of Host Community Resident Reactions to Tourism, Journal of Travel Research, 36(2), 3-11. Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2010). Günümüzde İnsan ve İnsanlar, İstanbul: Evrim Yayınevi. Kaltenborn, B. P., Thomassen, J., Wold, L. C., Linnell, J. D. C. ve Skar, B. (2013). World Heritage Status as a Foundation or Building Local Futures? A Case Study from Vega in Central Norway, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21(1), 99-116. Kasarda, J. D. ve Janowitz, M. (1974). Community Attachment in Mass Society, American Sociological Review, 39(3), 328-339. Kyle, G., Graefe, A., Manning, R. ve Bacon, J. (2004). Effects of Place Attachmen on Users’ Perceptions of Social and Environmental Conditions in a Natural Setting, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 24(2), 213-225. Lewicka, M. (2011). Place Attachment: How Far Have We Come in the Last 40 Years?, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 31, 207-230. McCool, S. F. ve Martin, S. R. (19949. Community Attachment and Attitudes Toward Tourism Development, Journal of Travel Research, 32(3), 29-34. Nicholas, L. N., Thapa, B. ve Ko, Y. J. (2009). Residents’ Perspectives of a World Heritage Site, Annals of Tourism Research, 36(3), 390-412. Nyaupane, G.P. ve Timothy, D. (2010). Heritage Awareness and Appreciation Among Community Residents: Perspectives from Arizona USA, International Journal of Heritage Studies, 16(3), 225-239. Proshansky, H. M., Fabian, A. K. ve Kaminoff, R. (1983). Place Identity: Pyhsical World Socialization of the Self, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 3, 57-83. Ram, Y., Björk, P. ve Weidenfeld, A. (2016). Authenticity and Place Attachment of Major Visitor Attractions, Tourism Management, 52, 110-122. Raymond, C. M., Brown, G. ve Weber, D. (2010). The Measurement of Place Attachment: Personal, Community, and Environmental Connections, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30, 422-434. Ryan, C., Chaozhi, Z. ve Zeng, D. (2011). The Impacts of Tourism at a UNESCO Heritage Site in China- A Need for Meta-Narrative? The Case of the Kaiping Diaolou, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(6), 747-765. Sampson, R. J. (1988). Local Friendship Ties and Community Attachment in Mass Society: A Multilevel Systemic Model, American Sociological Review, 53(5), 766-779. Schackley, M. (2006). Visitor Management: Case Studies from World Heritage Sites, Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Selçuk Belediyesi. (2012). Efes Yönetim Planı 2014-2019, Selçuk-İzmir. Selçuk Belediyesi. Rakamlarla Selçuk. http://www.selcuk.bel.tr/icerik/21/9/rakamlarla-selcuk.aspx. (Erişim: 01.01.2018) Stokols, D. ve Shumaker, S. A. (1981). People in Places: A Transactional View of Settings. J. H. Harvey (Ed.), Cognition, Social Behavior and the Environment (ss.441-488). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associate Publishers. 441-488. Stylos, N., Bellou, V., Andronikidis, A. ve Vassiliadis, C. A. (2017). Linking the Dots Among Destination Images, Place Attachment, and Revisit Intentions: A Study Among British and Russian Tourists, Tourism Management, 60, 15-29. Su, M. M. ve Wall, G. (2014). Community Participation in Tourism at a World Heritage Tourism Site: Mutianyu Great Wall, Beijing, China, International Journal of Tourism Research, 16, 146-156. T. C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı, Kültür Varlıkları ve Müzeler Genel Müdürlüğü.Dünya Miras Listesi. 01.10.2016 tarihinde http://www.kulturvarliklari.gov.tr/TR,44423/dunya-miras-listesi.html. adresinden erişildi. Thapa, B. 2007. Issues and Challenges of World Heritage Sites in Nepal. R. White ve J. Carman. (Ed.). World Heritage: Global Challenges and Local Solutions. (ss. 23–27). Oxford, UK: Archaeopress. Tunçer, M. (2011). Bergama’nın (Pergamon) UNESCO Dünya Kültür Miras Listesi’ne Alınması İçin Yapılması Gerekenler. Uluslararası Bergama Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı. 2.Cilt. 07-09 Nisan, Bergama-İzmir, 576-591. Um, S. ve Crompton, J. L. (1987). Measuring Resident’s Attachment Levels in a Host Community, Journal of Travel Reserch, 26(1), 27-29. UNESCO Türkiye Milli Komisyonu. UNESCO Hakkında. 27 Şubat 2018 tarihinde http://www.unesco.org.tr/?page=15:62:1:turkce adresinden erişildi. UNESCO. 2008. Dünya Mirası Konvansiyonunun Uygulanmasına Yönelik İşlevsel İlkeler. Dünya Kültürel ve Doğal Mirasının Korunması İçin Hükümetler Arası Komite. WHC. 08/01. Paris. UNESCO. 2018. World Heritage in Danger. 03 Şubat 2018 tarihinde https://whc.unesco.org/en/158/ adresinden erişildi. UNWTO.2017. Tourism Highlights 2017 Edition. 03 Şubat 2018 tarihinde https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284419029 adresinden erişildi. Uslu, A. ve Kiper, T. (2006). Turizmin Kültürel Miras Üzerine Etkileri: Beypazarı/Anakara Örneğinde Yerel Halkın Farkındalığı, Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(3), 305-314. Wager, J. (1995). Developing a Strategy for the Angkor World Heritage Site, Tourism Management, 16(7), 515-523. Woosnam, K M., Aleshinloe, K. D., Ribeiro, M A. Stylidis, D., Jiang, J. and Erul, E. (2018). Social Determinants of Place Attachment at a World Heritage Site, Tourism Management, 67, 139-146. Xu, Z. ve Zhang, J. (2016). Antecedents and Consequences of Place Attachment: A Comparison of Chinese and Western Urban Tourists in Hangzhou, China, Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 5, 86-96.

MEKANA VE YEREL HALKA BAĞLILIK, KÜLTÜREL MİRASA YÖNELİK TUTUMU ETKİLER Mİ?

Year 2018, Volume: 21 Issue: 40, 583 - 606, 15.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.31795/baunsobed.492531

Abstract

Yerel
halk, kültürel mirasların korunması ve devamlılığı açısından önemli bir
paydaştır. Bu nedenle yerel halkın kültürel mirasa yönelik tutum ve
niyetlerinin irdelenmesi önem teşkil etmektedir. Araştırma, Birleşmiş Milletler
Eğitim, Bilim ve Kültür Örgütü (United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization-UNESCO) Dünya Mirası ünvanını taşıyan Bergama Çok
Katmanlı Kültürel Peyzaj Alanı ve Efes’in yer aldığı İzmir’in Bergama ve Selçuk
ilçelerinde, toplam 841 katılımcı yerel halk ile gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Araştırmada, mekana bağlılık ve yerel halka bağlılık kavramlarını, kültürel
mirasa yönelik algı ve korumaya yönelik tutum ile ilişkilerini ele alan teorik
bir araştırma modeli sunulmakta ve bu model, test edilmektedir. Önerilen teorik
model iyi uyum üretmiş, yerel halka ve mekana bağlılığın kültürel mirasa
yönelik algıya, algının da kültürel mirasın korunmasına yönelik tutuma pozitif
yönde etki ettiği saptanmıştır. 

References

  • Ady, J.C. (1994), “Minimizing threats to the validity of cross-cultural organization research”, in Wiseman, R.L. and Shuter, R. (Eds), Communicating in Multinational Organizations, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, pp. 30-42. Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planned Behavior, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211. Ajzen, I. ve Fishbein, M. (2005). The Influence of Attitudes on Behavior, The Handbook of Attitudes, 173 (221). 31, 173-221 Andereck, K. L., Valentine, K. M., Knopf, R. C. ve Vogt, C. A. (2005). Residents’ Perceptions of Community Tourism Impacts, Annals of Tourism Research, 32(4), 1056-1076. Bergama Belediyesi, (2016). Bergama Çok Katmanlı Kültürel Peyzaj Alanı Alan Yönetim Planı, Bergama-İzmir. Bergama Kaymakamlığı. http://www.bergama.gov.tr/ilcemiz-hakkinda-genel-bilgiler (Erişim: 01.01.2018). Brown, G., Raymond, C. M. ve Corcoran, J. (2015). Mapping and Measuring Place Attachment, Applied Geography, 57, 42-53. Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002). Sosyal Bilimleri için Veri Analizi El Kitabı İstatistik Araştırma Deseni-SPSS Uygulamaları ve Yorum, Ankara: Pegem Yayıncılık. Cellini, R. (2011). Is UNESCO Recognition Effective in Fostering Tourism? A Comment on Yang, Lin and Han, Tourism Management, 32(2), 452-454. Chui, C. T. B., Rahim, F. H. A., Khan, N. R. M., Cheng, C. S. ve Hassan, F. H. (2011). Assessing Tourists’ Attitude Towards Responsible Cultural Heritage tourism in Melaka: Development and Validation o Responible Heritage Tourism Scale, IEEE Colloqium on Humanitites, Science and Engineering Research (CHUSER 2011), Dec 5-6, Penang, 497-502. Çelik, H.E. ve Yılmaz, V. (2013). Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi Temel Kavramlar Uygulamalar Programlama, Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık. Davis, A. (2016). Experiential Places or Places of Experience? Place Identity and Place Attachment as Mechanisms for Creating Festival Environment, Tourism Management, 55, 49-61. Drost, A. (1996). Developing Sustainable Tourism for World Heritage Sites, Annals of Tourism Research, 23(2), 479-492. Erdoğan, İ. (2003). Pozitivist Metodoloji Bilimsel Araştırma Tasarımı İstatistiksel Yöntemler Analiz ve Yorum, Ankara: Erk Yayınları. Fazio, R. H. (1986). How Do Attitudes Guide Behavior? R. M. Sorrentino ve E. T. Higgins. (Ed.) Handbook of Motivation and Cognition: Foundations of Social Behavior (ss. 204-243). New York: Guilford Press. Frey, B. S. ve L. Steiner. (2011). World Heritage List: Does It Make Sense?, International Journal of Cultural Policy, 17, 555–573. Goussous, J. S. ve Al-Hammadi, N. A. (2018). Place Attachment Assessment of a Heritage Place: A Case Study of the Roman Ampitheater in Downtown Amman, Jordan, Frontiers of Architectural Research, 7(1), 1-10. Gross, M. J. ve Brown, G. (2008). An Empirical Structural Model of Tourists and Places: Progressing Involvement and Place Attachment into Tourism, Tourism Management, 29(6), 1141-1151. Gu, H. ve Ryan, C. (2008). Place Attachment, Identity and Community Impacts of Tourism-The Case of Beijing Hutong, Tourism Management, 29(4), 637-647. Gürsoy, D., Jurowksi, C. ve Uysal, M. (2002). Residents’ Attitudes: A Structural Modelling Approach, Annals of Tourism Research, 29(1), 79-105. Hidalgo, M. C. ve Hernandez, B. (2001). Place Attachment: Conceptual and Empirical Questions, Journal of Environmental Psychology. 21, 273-281. Huang, C. H., Tsaur, J. R. ve Yang, C. H. (2012). Does World Heritage List Really Induce More Tourists? Evidence from Macau, Tourism Management, 33, 1450-1457. Jorgensen, B. S. ve Stedman, R. C. (2001). Sense of Place as an Attitude: Lakeshore Owners Attitutdes Toward Their Properties, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21(3), 233-248. Jurowski, C., Uysal, M. ve Williams, D. R. (1997). A Theoretical Analysis of Host Community Resident Reactions to Tourism, Journal of Travel Research, 36(2), 3-11. Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2010). Günümüzde İnsan ve İnsanlar, İstanbul: Evrim Yayınevi. Kaltenborn, B. P., Thomassen, J., Wold, L. C., Linnell, J. D. C. ve Skar, B. (2013). World Heritage Status as a Foundation or Building Local Futures? A Case Study from Vega in Central Norway, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21(1), 99-116. Kasarda, J. D. ve Janowitz, M. (1974). Community Attachment in Mass Society, American Sociological Review, 39(3), 328-339. Kyle, G., Graefe, A., Manning, R. ve Bacon, J. (2004). Effects of Place Attachmen on Users’ Perceptions of Social and Environmental Conditions in a Natural Setting, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 24(2), 213-225. Lewicka, M. (2011). Place Attachment: How Far Have We Come in the Last 40 Years?, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 31, 207-230. McCool, S. F. ve Martin, S. R. (19949. Community Attachment and Attitudes Toward Tourism Development, Journal of Travel Research, 32(3), 29-34. Nicholas, L. N., Thapa, B. ve Ko, Y. J. (2009). Residents’ Perspectives of a World Heritage Site, Annals of Tourism Research, 36(3), 390-412. Nyaupane, G.P. ve Timothy, D. (2010). Heritage Awareness and Appreciation Among Community Residents: Perspectives from Arizona USA, International Journal of Heritage Studies, 16(3), 225-239. Proshansky, H. M., Fabian, A. K. ve Kaminoff, R. (1983). Place Identity: Pyhsical World Socialization of the Self, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 3, 57-83. Ram, Y., Björk, P. ve Weidenfeld, A. (2016). Authenticity and Place Attachment of Major Visitor Attractions, Tourism Management, 52, 110-122. Raymond, C. M., Brown, G. ve Weber, D. (2010). The Measurement of Place Attachment: Personal, Community, and Environmental Connections, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30, 422-434. Ryan, C., Chaozhi, Z. ve Zeng, D. (2011). The Impacts of Tourism at a UNESCO Heritage Site in China- A Need for Meta-Narrative? The Case of the Kaiping Diaolou, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(6), 747-765. Sampson, R. J. (1988). Local Friendship Ties and Community Attachment in Mass Society: A Multilevel Systemic Model, American Sociological Review, 53(5), 766-779. Schackley, M. (2006). Visitor Management: Case Studies from World Heritage Sites, Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Selçuk Belediyesi. (2012). Efes Yönetim Planı 2014-2019, Selçuk-İzmir. Selçuk Belediyesi. Rakamlarla Selçuk. http://www.selcuk.bel.tr/icerik/21/9/rakamlarla-selcuk.aspx. (Erişim: 01.01.2018) Stokols, D. ve Shumaker, S. A. (1981). People in Places: A Transactional View of Settings. J. H. Harvey (Ed.), Cognition, Social Behavior and the Environment (ss.441-488). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associate Publishers. 441-488. Stylos, N., Bellou, V., Andronikidis, A. ve Vassiliadis, C. A. (2017). Linking the Dots Among Destination Images, Place Attachment, and Revisit Intentions: A Study Among British and Russian Tourists, Tourism Management, 60, 15-29. Su, M. M. ve Wall, G. (2014). Community Participation in Tourism at a World Heritage Tourism Site: Mutianyu Great Wall, Beijing, China, International Journal of Tourism Research, 16, 146-156. T. C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı, Kültür Varlıkları ve Müzeler Genel Müdürlüğü.Dünya Miras Listesi. 01.10.2016 tarihinde http://www.kulturvarliklari.gov.tr/TR,44423/dunya-miras-listesi.html. adresinden erişildi. Thapa, B. 2007. Issues and Challenges of World Heritage Sites in Nepal. R. White ve J. Carman. (Ed.). World Heritage: Global Challenges and Local Solutions. (ss. 23–27). Oxford, UK: Archaeopress. Tunçer, M. (2011). Bergama’nın (Pergamon) UNESCO Dünya Kültür Miras Listesi’ne Alınması İçin Yapılması Gerekenler. Uluslararası Bergama Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı. 2.Cilt. 07-09 Nisan, Bergama-İzmir, 576-591. Um, S. ve Crompton, J. L. (1987). Measuring Resident’s Attachment Levels in a Host Community, Journal of Travel Reserch, 26(1), 27-29. UNESCO Türkiye Milli Komisyonu. UNESCO Hakkında. 27 Şubat 2018 tarihinde http://www.unesco.org.tr/?page=15:62:1:turkce adresinden erişildi. UNESCO. 2008. Dünya Mirası Konvansiyonunun Uygulanmasına Yönelik İşlevsel İlkeler. Dünya Kültürel ve Doğal Mirasının Korunması İçin Hükümetler Arası Komite. WHC. 08/01. Paris. UNESCO. 2018. World Heritage in Danger. 03 Şubat 2018 tarihinde https://whc.unesco.org/en/158/ adresinden erişildi. UNWTO.2017. Tourism Highlights 2017 Edition. 03 Şubat 2018 tarihinde https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284419029 adresinden erişildi. Uslu, A. ve Kiper, T. (2006). Turizmin Kültürel Miras Üzerine Etkileri: Beypazarı/Anakara Örneğinde Yerel Halkın Farkındalığı, Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(3), 305-314. Wager, J. (1995). Developing a Strategy for the Angkor World Heritage Site, Tourism Management, 16(7), 515-523. Woosnam, K M., Aleshinloe, K. D., Ribeiro, M A. Stylidis, D., Jiang, J. and Erul, E. (2018). Social Determinants of Place Attachment at a World Heritage Site, Tourism Management, 67, 139-146. Xu, Z. ve Zhang, J. (2016). Antecedents and Consequences of Place Attachment: A Comparison of Chinese and Western Urban Tourists in Hangzhou, China, Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 5, 86-96.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Tourism (Other)
Journal Section Tourism
Authors

Ceren İşçi 0000-0002-5712-1482

Berrin Güzel This is me 0000-0002-9507-3434

Emre Ataberk This is me 0000-0002-3338-4798

Publication Date December 15, 2018
Submission Date May 7, 2018
Acceptance Date September 3, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 21 Issue: 40

Cite

APA İşçi, C., Güzel, B., & Ataberk, E. (2018). MEKANA VE YEREL HALKA BAĞLILIK, KÜLTÜREL MİRASA YÖNELİK TUTUMU ETKİLER Mİ?. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(40), 583-606. https://doi.org/10.31795/baunsobed.492531

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