The Mediator Role of Hope in the Relationship Between Career Adaptability and Life Satisfaction and Resilience

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between career adaptability of individuals in emerging adulthood and positive psychological characteristics such as hope, life satisfaction and resilience. For this purpose, a model is proposed in which the mediator role of hope between life satisfaction, resilience and career adaptability is tested. The study group of the research consists of 336 university students (251 female, 85 male). In order to collect data within the scope of the research, 'Career Adaptability Scale-Short Form, Brief Resilience Scale, Life Satisfaction Scale and Continuous Hope Scale' were used. Data analysis was done with SPSS 24.0 and AMOS programs. Correlation analysis and path analysis techniques were used in the analysis of the data. The findings obtained as a result of the analyzes reveal that there is a positive and significant relationship between career adaptability and hope, life satisfaction and resilience. The hypothesis model regarding the mediating role of hope has been tested and the findings show that hope has a mediating effect on the relationship between both life satisfaction and resilience and career adaptability.

Keywords

• Career adaptability
• hope
• life satisfaction
• resilience
• emerging adulthood

Kariyer Uyumluluğu ile Yaşam Doyumu ve Psikolojik Sağlamlık Arasındaki İlişkide Umudun Aracı Rolü

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, beliren yetişkinlik döneminde yer alan bireylerin kariyer uyumluluğu ile umut, yaşam doyumu ve psikolojik sağlamlık gibi pozitif psikolojik özellikler arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, umudun, yaşam doyumu ve psikolojik sağlamlık ile kariyer uyumluluğu arasında, aracı rolünün test edildiği bir model önerilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, 336 üniversite öğrencisinden (251 kadın, 85 erkek) oluşmaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında verilerin toplanması amacıyla ‘Kariyer Uyum Yetenekleri Ölçeği-Kısa Formu, Kısa Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği, Yaşam Doyumu ölçeği ve Sürekli Umut Ölçeği’ kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi SPSS 24.0 ve AMOS programları ile yapılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde korelasyon analizi ve yol analizi tekniklerinden yararlanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda elde edilen bulgular, kariyer uyumluluğu ile umut, yaşam doyumu ve psikolojik sağlamlık arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Umudun aracılık rolüne ilişkin hipotez model test edilmiş ve elde edilen bulgular, umudun hem yaşam doyumu hem de psikolojik sağlamlık ile kariyer uyumluluğu arasındaki ilişkide aracı etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kariyer uyumluluğu
• umut
• yaşam doyumu
• psikolojik sağlamlık
• beliren yetişkinlik

References

1. Arıkan, S. (2022). Psikoloji öğrencilerinin kariyer uyum yetenekleri: demografik faktörler, kişilik ve pozitif psikolojik sermayenin rolü. Psikoloji Çalışmaları, 42(2), 427-471.
2. Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55(5), 469-480.
3. Atak, H., & Çok, F. (2007). Emerging adulthood and perceived adulthood in Turkey, 3rd Conference on Emerging Adulthood, Tucson, AZ, USA, 15-16.
4. Barto, H., Lambert, S., & Brott, P. (2015). Career adaptability, resiliency and perceived obstacles to career development of adolescent mothers. Professional Counselor, 5(1).
5. Bimrose, J., & Hearne, L. (2012). Resilience and career adaptability: Qualitative studies of adult career counseling. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 81, 338–344. https://doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2012.08.002
6. Bölükbaşı, A., & Kırdök, O. (2019). Lise öğrencilerinin kariyer uyumu ve yaşam doyumu ilişkisinde gelecek yöneliminin aracı rolü. Eğitim ve Bilim, 44(200).
7. Bölükbaşı, A. (2017). Lise öğrencilerinin kariyer uyumu ve yaşam doyumu ilişkisinde iyimserlik ve umudun aracı rolü (Tez No:485602). [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana]. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Başkanlığı Tez Merkezi.
8. Buyukgoze‐Kavas, A. (2016). Predicting career adaptability from positive psychological traits. The Career Development Quarterly, 64(2), 114-125. https://doi.org/10.1002/cdq.12045

9. Cabras, C., & Mondo, M. (2018). Future orientation as a mediator between career adaptability and life satisfaction in university students. Journal of Career Development, 45(6), 597-609. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845317727616
10. Çelik, M. (2020). Dördü bir arada: kariyer uyumunun yordayıcıları olarak iyimserlik, umut, bölüm uygunluğu ve istihdam edilebilirlik. Academia Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 293-305.
11. Di Maggio, I., Montenegro, E., Little, T. D., Nota, L., & Ginevra, M. C. (2022). Career adaptability, hope, and life satisfaction: An analysis of adults with and without substance use disorder. Journal of happiness studies, 23(2), 439-454. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-021-00405-1
12. Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J. & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 653-663
13. Doğan, T. (2015). Kısa psikolojik sağlamlık ölçeği’nin Türkçe uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 3(1), 93-102.
14. Eryılmaz, A., & Kara, A. (2017). Kariyer uyumluluğunun bireysel yönü: kişilik özellikleri ve duygulanım açısından incelenmesi. Journal of Mood Disorders, 7(4).
15. Feldman, D. B., & Dreher, D. E. (2012). Can hope be changed in 90 minutes? Testing the efficacy of a singlesession goal-pursuit intervention for college students. Journal of Happiness Studies, 13, 745–759. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-011-9292-4
16. Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to design and evaluate research in education (Vol. 8). McGraw-Hill.
17. Furlong A., & Cartmel F. (2007). Young people and social change: New perspectives. Open University Press Ghosh, A., Kessler, M., Heyrman, K., Opelt, B., Carbonelli, M., & Fouad, N. A. (2019). Student veteran career transition readiness, career adaptability, and academic and life satisfaction. The Career Development Quarterly, 67(4), 365-371. https://doi.org/10.1002/cdq.12205
18. Ginevra, M. C., Annovazzi, C., Santilli, S., Di Maggio, I., & Camussi, E. (2018). Breadth of vocational interests: The role of career adaptability and future orientation. The Career Development Quarterly, 66(3), 233-245. https://doi.org/10.1002/cdq.12145
19. Ginevra, M. C., Pallini, S., Vecchio, G. M., Nota, L., & Soresi, S. (2016). Future orientation and attitudes mediate career adaptability and decidedness. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 95, 102-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2016.08.003
20. Haar J. M., Russo M., Suñe A., Ollier-Malaterre A. (2014). Outcomes of work–life balance on job satisfaction, life satisfaction and mental health: A study across seven cultures. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 85, 361–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2014.08.010
21. Hartung, P., Porfeli, E., & Vondracek. F. W (2008). Career adaptability in childhood. Career Development Quarterly, 57, 63-74. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2008.tb00166.x
22. Hartung, P. J., & Taber, B. J. (2008). Career construction and subjective well-being. Journal of Career Assessment, 16, 75–85. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072707305772
23. Hirschi, A. (2009). Career adaptability development in adolescence: Multiple predictors and effect on sense of power and life satisfaction. Journal of vocational behavior, 74(2), 145-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2009.01.002
24. Hirschi, A. (2014). Hope as a resource for self-directed career management: Investigating mediating effects on proactive career behaviors and life and job satisfaction. Journal of Happiness Studies, 15, 1495–1512. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-013-9488-x
25. Işık, E., Yeğin, F., Koyuncu, S., Eser, A. Çömlekciler, F., & Yıldırım, K. (2018). Validation of the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale–Short Form across different age groups in the Turkish context. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance ,18(3), 297-314. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-018-9362-9
26. Jia, Y., Hou, Z. J., & Shen, J. (2022). Adolescents’ future time perspective and career construction: Career adaptability as mediator and hope as moderator. Journal of Career Development, 49(1), 202-217. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845320926579
27. Jiang, Z. (2017). Proactive personality and career adaptability: The role of thriving at work. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 98, 85-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2016.10.003
28. Johnston, C. S., Maggiori, C., & Rossier, J. (2016). Professional trajectories, individual characteristics, and staying satisfied and healthy. Journal of Career Development, 43, 81–98. https://doi.org/10.1177/08948453 Korkmaz, O., & Cenkseven Önder, F. (2019). Yaşam amaçları ile kariyer uyum yetenekleri arasındaki ilişki: umudun aracılık rolünün incelenmesi. Eğitim ve Bilim, 44(200).
29. Köker, S. (1991). Normal ve sorunlu ergenlerin yaşam doyumu düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması. (Tez No:16802). [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara]. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Başkanlığı Tez Merkezi.
30. Lucas, K. (2004). Transport and social exclusion. In Running on empty (pp. 39-54). Policy Press.
31. Luthar, S.S. and Cicchetti, D. (2000), “The construct of resilience: implications for interventions and social policies”, Development & Psychopathology, Vol. 12 No. 4, pp. 857-885.
32. Maggiori, C., Rossier, J., and Savickas, M. L. (2017). Career adapt-abilities scale–short form (CAAS-SF) construction and validation. Journal of Career Assessment, 25(2), 312–325. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072714565856
33. Marcionetti, J., & Rossier, J. (2021). A longitudinal study of relations among adolescents’ self-esteem, general self-efficacy, career adaptability, and life satisfaction. Journal of Career Development, 48(4), 475-490. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845319861691
34. Masten, A. S., & Tellegen, A. (2012). Resilience in development psychopathology: Contributions of the Project Competence Longitudinal Study. Development and Psychopathology, 24(2), 345–361. https://doi.org/10.1017/S095457941200003X
35. Masten, A. S., Obradovic´, J., & Burt, K. B. (2006). Resilience in emerging adulthood: Developmental perspectives on continuity and transformation. In J. J. Arnett & J. L. Tanner (Eds.), Emerging adults in America: Coming of age in the 21st century (pp. 173–190). American Psychological Association.
36. Niles, S. G. (2011). Career flow: a hope‐centered model of career development. Journal of Employment Counseling, 48(4), 173-175.
37. Nilforooshan, P., & Salimi, S. (2016). Career adaptability as a mediator between personality and career engagement. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 94, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2016.02.010
38. O'Brien, K. M. (2003). Measuring career self-efficacy: Promoting confidence and happiness at work. In S.J. Lopez & C.R. Snyder (Eds.), Positive psychological assessment: A handbook of models and measures (pp. 109-126). Washington D.C.: American Psychological Association.
39. Othman, R., Kamal, N. M., Alias, N. E., Ismail, S., & Sahiq, A. N. M. (2018). Positive psychological traits and career adaptability among millennials. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(9), 1420-1433. http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i9/4706
40. Öztemel, K., & Yıldız-Akyol, E. (2021). The predictive role of happiness, social support, and future time orientation in career adaptability. Journal of Career Development, 48(3), 199-212. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845319840437
41. Rivera, M., Shapoval, V., & Medeiros, M. (2021). The relationship between career adaptability, hope, resilience, and life satisfaction for hospitality students in times of Covid-19. Journal of hospitality, leisure, sport & tourism education, 29, 100344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2021.100344
42. Rossier, J. (2015). Adaptability and life designing. In L. Nota & J. Rossier (Eds.), Handbook of life design: From practice to theory and from theory to practice (pp. 153–168). Hogrefe
43. Shanahan M. I., & Longest K. C. (2009). (2) thinking about the transition to adulthood. In Schoon I., Silbereisen R. K. (Eds.), Transitions from school to work: Globalization, individualization, and patterns of diversity (pp. 30–41). Cambridge University Press.
44. Santilli, S., Grossen, S., & Nota, L. (2020). Career adaptability, resilience, and life satisfaction among Italian and Belgian middle school students. The Career Development Quarterly, 68(3), 194-207. https://doi.org/10.1002/cdq.12231
45. Santilli, S., Marcionetti, J., Rochat, S., Rossier, J., & Nota, L. (2017). Career adaptability, hope, optimism, and life satisfaction in Italian and Swiss adolescents. Journal of Career Development, 44(1), 62-76. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845316633793
46. Santilli, S., Nota, L., Ginevra, M. C., & Soresi, S. (2014). Career adaptability, hope and life satisfaction in workers with intellectual disability. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 85(1), 67-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2014.02.011
47. Savickas, M. L. (1997). Adaptability: An integrative construct for life-span, life-space theory. Career Development Quarterly, 45, 247–259.
48. Savickas, M. L. (2002). Career construction: A developmental theory of vocational behavior. In D. Brown (Ed.), Career choice and development (4th ed., pp. 149–205). Jossey-Bass
49. Savickas, M. L. (2005). The theory and practice of career construction. In S. D. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Career development and counseling: Putting theory and research to work (pp. 42–70). Wiley
50. Savickas, M. L., & Porfeli, E. J. (2012). Career adapt-abilities scale: Construction, reliability, and measurement equivalence across 13 countries. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(3), 661–673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2012.01.011
51. Savickas, M. L., Nota, L., Rossier, J., Dauwalder, J., Duarte, M. E., Guichard, J., et al. (2009). Life designing: A paradigm for career construction in the 21st century. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 75, 239–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2009.04.004
52. Schalock, R. L., & Felce, D. (2004). Quality of life and subjective well-being: Conceptual and measurement issues. International handbook of applied research in intellectual disabilities, 261-279. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470713198.ch12
53. Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P., & Jennifer Bernard, J. (2008). The brief resilience scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15, 194–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705500802222972
54. Snyder, C. R., Harris, C., Anderson, J. R., Holleran, S. A., Irving, L. M., Sigmon, S. T., Yoshinobu, L., Gibb, J., Langelle, C., & Harney, P. (1991). The will and ways: Development and validation of an individual-differences measure of hope. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60 (4), 570-585.
55. Snyder, C. R. (1995). Conceptualizing, measuring, and nurturing hope. Journal of Counseling & Development, 73, 355-360
56. Soresi, S., Nota, L., & Ferrari, L. (2012). Career adapt-abilities scale-Italian form: Psychometric properties and relationships to breadth of interests, quality of life, and perceived barriers. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80, 705–711. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.Jvb.2012.01.020
57. Tarhan, S., & Bacanlı, H. (2015). Sürekli Umut Ölçeği’nin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 3(1), 1-14.
58. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (2023). İşgücü İstatistikleri, Nisan 2023. Erişim adresi: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Isgucu-Istatistikleri-Nisan-2023-49373
59. Wilkins K. G., Santilli S., Ferrari L., Nota L., Tracey T. J. G., Soresi S. (2014). The relationship among positive emotional dispositions, career adaptability, and satisfaction in Italian high school students. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 85, 329–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2014.08.004
60. Woo, H. R. (2018). Personality traits and intrapreneurship: the mediating effect of career adaptability. Career Development International, 23(2), 145-162. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-02-2017-0046
61. Xu, C., Gong, X., Fu, W., Xu, Y., Xu, H., Chen, W., & Li, M. (2020). The role of career adaptability and resilience in mental health problems in Chinese adolescents. Children and Youth Services Review, 112, 104893. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.104893
62. Yalçın, S. B., Çarkıt, E., & Koçakoğlu, M. G. (2022). The mediating role of resilience between career adaptability and life satisfaction . Journal of Teacher Education and Lifelong Learning, 4 (2), 99-109 https://doi.org/10.51535/tell.1159130
63. Zacher, H. (2014). Career adaptability predicts subjective career success above and beyond personality traits and core self-evaluations. Journal of vocational behavior, 84(1), 21-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2013.10.002
64. Zorver, C., & Yeşilyaprak, B. (2021). Kariyer uyum yetenekleri ölçeği kısa formunun (KUYÖ-KF) Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 54(1), 91-116. https://doi.org/10.30964/auebfd.681622