KUDÜS’TE KUTSALIN SİYASALLAŞMASI VE ÇATIŞMANIN MEKANLARI: HAREM-İ ŞERİF VE AĞLAMA DUVARI

Abstract

Etnisite ve inancın birleşmesinden doğan dini-milliyetçilik, Filistinli ve İsrailli kimliğinin özünü teşkil etmekte, Kudüs’teki Harem-i Şerif ve Ağlama Duvarı başta olmak üzere, kutsal alanlar bu kimliklerin sembol mekanları olarak değer taşımaktadır. Siyonist hareket, 1920’li yıllardan itibaren Harem-i Şerif alanının bir parçası olan Ağlama Duvarı’nı Yahudi kimliğinin yeniden inşası için araçsallaştırmış, bu alanı Kudüs’teki Yahudi varlığını simgeleyen dini-ulusal nitelikli, temsili bir mekâna dönüştürmek için çaba sarf etmiştir. Yine aynı yıllarda Harem-i Şerif, Kudüs Başmüftüsü Hacı Emin el-Hüseyni’nin liderliğinde Filistin meselesinin merkezine yerleştirilerek Arap milliyetçiliğinin katalizörü haline getirilmiştir. 1920’li yıllardan itibaren Filistinli Araplar ve Siyonist Yahudiler arasındaki mücadele Ağlama Duvarı merkezli iken, 1967 yılında Kudüs’ün işgaliyle birlikte bu merkez Harem-i Şerif’e kayacaktır. 1987’de başlayan Birinci İntifada, 2000 yılındaki İkinci İntifada ve nihayet 7 Ekim 2023’teki Aksa Tufanı ve İsrail’in Gazze’ye yönelik soykırıma varan saldırıları başta olmak üzere pek çok çatışmada Harem-i Şerif alanı bir sembol mekân olarak olayların daima çıkış ve noktasıdır. Bu çalışmada, Kudüs'teki Harem-i Şerif alanının ve Ağlama Duvarının Filistin-İsrail çatışmasındaki katalizör etkisi tarihsel, dinsel ve teopolitik dinamikler üzerinden değerlendirilmektedir. Çalışmada Osmanlı ve İngiliz arşiv belgeleri, döneme ait fotoğraf ve kent planlarına başvurulmaktadır.

Keywords

• İsrail-Filistin Sorunu
• Kudüs
• Harem-i Şerif
• Ağlama Duvarı
• Siyonizm

Project Number

220K016

THE POLITICISATION OF THE SACRED AND SITES OF CONFLICT IN JERUSALEM: HARAM AL SHARIF AND THE WAILING WALL

Abstract

The concept of religious nationalism, which combines elements of ethnicity and faith, serves as a foundational element in the formation of Palestinian and Israeli identity. The Haram al-Sharif and the Wailing Wall in Jerusalem, being sites of significant religious and cultural importance, are of particular symbolic value in the expression of these national identities.Since the 1920s, the Zionist movement has utilised the Wailing Wall, which is situated within the Haram al-Sharif area, as a pivotal element in the reconstruction of Jewish identity. Significant endeavours have been made to transform this place into an iconic religious-national space, serving as a symbol of the Jewish presence in Jerusalem. Likewise, in the same years, the Haram al-Sharif was placed at the centre of the Palestinian issue under the leadership of Haj Amin al-Husseini, the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, and became a catalyst for Arab nationalism. The primary focus of the ongoing conflict between Palestinian Arabs and Zionist Jews has been on the Wailing Wall. However, following the occupation of Jerusalem in 1967, this focus shifted to the Haram al-Sharif. In numerous conflicts, notably the First Intifada which commenced in 1987, the Second Intifada in 2000, and most recently the Aqsa Flood on October 7, 2023, the Haram al-Sharif area has consistently functioned as the origin and nexus of the events. The present study draws upon a range of primary sources, including Ottoman and British archival documents, photographs, and urban plans from the period in question.

Keywords

• Israel-Palestine Conflict
• Jerusalem
• Haram al-Sharif
• Wailing Wall
• Zionism

Project Number

220K016

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