Doğrudan yabancı yatırımların ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi: Gelişmekte olan ülkeler için panel veri analizi

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 240 - 255, 30.11.2025

Berat Harman

https://doi.org/10.58308/bemarej.1767820

https://izlik.org/JA55UM52KZ

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, 7 gelişmekte olan ülkenin (Brezilya, Endonezya, Hindistan, Malezya, Meksika, Polonya ve Türkiye) 1990–2024 dönemi verileri kullanılarak doğrudan yabancı yatırımlarının (DYY) ve sabit sermaye yatırımlarının (SSY) ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi panel veri yöntemleriyle incelenmiştir. Çalışmada yatay kesit bağımlılığını dikkate alan Ortalama Grup (CCEMG) tahmincisi kullanılmıştır. Genel panel veri bulguları, DYY’nin ekonomik büyüme üzerinde pozitif ancak istatistiksel olarak anlamsız bir etkisi olduğunu göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte SSY pozitif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. Birimlere göre sonuçlarda ise, DYY’nin ekonomik büyümeyi pozitif etkilediği ülkeler Brezilya ve Meksika olarak tespit edilmiştir. Malezya‘da ise negatif etkilediğine ilişkin bulgulara ulaşılmıştır. SSY ekonomik büyümeyi Hindistan dışındaki 6 ülkede pozitif etkilemiştir. Ayrıca heterojen yapıyı dikkate alan Dumitrescu–Hurlin panel nedensellik analizi sonucunda, büyüme ile DYY arasında çift yönlü ancak sınırlı bir nedensel ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Doğrudan yabancı yatırım , Ekonomik büyüme , Gelişmekte olan ülkeler , Heterojen panel , Panel veri

The impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth: A panel data analysis for developing countries

https://izlik.org/JA55UM52KZ

Abstract

This study examines the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) and fixed capital investment (FCI) on economic growth using panel data methods, based on data from seven developing countries (Brazil, Indonesia, India, Malaysia, Mexico, Poland, and Türkiye) for the period 1990–2024. The study employed the cross-section by Equilibrium Model (CCEMG) estimator, which accounts for cross-sectional dependence. The general panel data findings indicate that FDI has a positive but statistically insignificant effect on economic growth. However, FCI was found to be positive and statistically significant. In terms of country-specific results, FCI was found to positively affect economic growth in Brazil and Mexico. Findings indicate that it was determined that FDI positively affected economic growth in all countries, excluding India. Furthermore, the Dumitrescu–Hurlin panel causality analysis, which takes into account the heterogeneous structure, found a bidirectional but limited causal relationship between growth and investment.

Keywords

Developing countries , Economic growth , Foreign direct investment , Heterogeneous panel , Panel data

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