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Örgütsel sinizmin çalışanların performansı ve işe bağımlılık düzeyleri üzerindeki etkisi: Türkiye’de hava aracı bakım kuruluşlarında bir araştırma

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 97 - 120, 31.07.2022

Abstract

Örgütsel sinizm, bir bireyin örgütüne karşı geliştirmiş olduğu olumsuz bir örgütsel davranış türüdür ve örgüt içerisindeki çalışanların bireysel bakış açıları ve inançlarıyla örgüte ait değerler arasında uyumsuzluklar olduğunda ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu nedenle örgütsel sinizme yol açan faktörlerin belirlenmesi ve bunlara karşı önlem alınması çok önemlidir. Türkiye’de havacılık sektörünün günümüzdeki durumu değerlendirildiğinde, iş yoğunluğunun fazla olması ve sektörün sahip olduğu değişken ve zorlu yapısı göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, havacılık sektöründe örgütsel sinizm alanında yeterli çalışma yapılmadığı görülmüştür. Bu doğrultuda, Türkiye’de hava aracı bakım kuruluşlarında performans ve işe bağımlılık açısından örgütsel sinizm etkilerinin belirlenebilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, çalışmanın ilk kısmında literatür taraması yapılmış ve ikinci kısmında Türkiye’de bulunan hava aracı bakım kuruluşlarında görev alan farklı yaş, cinsiyet ve statüdeki çalışanlara anket uygulanmıştır. Alan yazında incelenen çalışmaların çoğunda, örgütsel sinizm ile demografik değişkenler ve genel sinizm, psikolojik sözleşme ihlali, çalışan performansı, işe bağımlılık, örgütsel destek, örgütsel adalet, örgütsel özdeşleşme, işten ayrılma niyeti ve örgütsel bağlılık gibi birçok değişken arasındaki ilişkilerin irdelendiği görülmektedir. Bu çalışma ile, örgütsel sinizme ilişkin, Türkiye’deki uçak bakım onarım sektöründeki genel durumu ortaya konularak, araştırmadan elde edilen veriler SPSS 26.0 programında analiz edilerek, araştırmanın güvenirlik, geçerlik, faktör, korelasyon ve regresyon analizleri yapılmıştır. Örgütsel sinizmin hava aracı bakım kuruluşlarındaki çalışanların performansı ve işe bağımlılık düzeylerinin araştırıldığı çalışmada, örgütsel sinizmin çalışan performansı ve işe bağımlılık üzerinde kısmen anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Türkiye’deki hava aracı bakım kuruluşlarında yapılan bu özgün çalışmanın literatüre katkı sağlayacağı ve sonraki araştırmalara faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir.

References

  • Abraham, R. (2000). Organizational cynicism: Bases and consequences. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 126(3), 269-292.
  • Andersson, L. (1996). Employee cynicism: An examination using a contract violation framework. Human Relations, 49, 1395-1418.
  • Andersson, L., & Bateman, T. (1997). Cynicism in the workplace some causes and effects. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18(5), 449-469.
  • Ayduğan, N. (2012). Mobbingin örgütsel sinizme etkisi: Beş Yıldızlı otel işletmelerinde bir uygulama. (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Afyon, Türkiye.
  • Bonebright, C. A., Daniel, L. C., & Ankenmann, R. D. (2000). The relationship of workaholism with work-life conflict, life satisfaction, and purpose in life. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47(4), 469-477.
  • Brandes, P. M. (1997). Organizational cynicism: Its nature, Antecedents and Consequences. (Dissertation of Doctor of Philosophy). The University of Cincinnati.
  • Brown, M., & Cregan, C. (2008). Organizational change cynicism: The role of employee involvement. Human Resource Management, 47(4), 667-686.
  • Burke, R. J. (2000). Workaholism in organizations: Psychological and physical well-being consequences. Stress Medicine, 16, 11-16.
  • Byrne, Z. S., & Hochwarter, W. A. (2008). Perceived organizational support and performance relationships across levels of organizational cynicism. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23(1), 54-72.
  • Cartwright, S., & Holmes, N. (2006). The meaning of work: The challenge of regaining employee engagement and reducing cynicism. Human Resource Management Review, 16(2), 199-208.
  • Cole, M. S., Brunch, H., & Vogel, B. (2006). Emotion as mediators of the relations between perceived supervision support and psychological hardiness on employee cynicism. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27, 463-484.
  • Colquitt, J. A., Conlon, D. E., Wesson, M. J., Porter, C. O. L. H., & Ng, K. Y. (2001). Justice in the millenium: A meta-analytic review of 25 years of organizational justice research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 425-455.
  • Danna, K., & Griffin, R. W. (1999). Health and well-being in the workplace. Journal of Management, 25, 357-384.
  • Dean, J. W., Brandes P., & Dharwadkar, R. (1998). Organizational Cynicism. Academy of Management Review, 23(2), 341-352.
  • Delken, M. (2004). Organizational cynicism: A study among call centers. (Unpublished Master Thesis). University of Maastricht, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Maastricht.
  • Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71-75.
  • Douglas, E., & Morris, R. (2006). Workaholic, or just hard worker?. Career Development International. 11. 10.1108/13620430610683043.
  • Eaton, A. J. (2000). A social motivation approach to organizational cynicism. (Master of Arts). York University, Toronto.
  • Flowers, C. P., & Robinson, B. (2002). A structural and discriminant analysis of the work addiction risk test. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 62(3), 517-526.
  • Harpaz, I., & Snir, R. (2003). Workaholism: Its definition and nature. Human Relations, 56(3), 291-319.
  • James, M. S. L. (2005). Antecedents and consequences of cynicism in organizations: An examination of the potential positive and negative effects on school systems. (Dissertation of Doctor of Philosophy). The Florida State University, Florida
  • Johnson, J. L., & O'Leary-Kelly, A. M. (2003). The effects of Psychological Contract Breach and Organizational Cynicism: Not all social exchange violations are created equal. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24(5), 627-647.
  • Kalağan, G. (2009). Araştırma görevlilerinin örgütsel destek algıları ile örgütsel sinizm tutumları arasındaki ilişki. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Akdeniz Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Antalya
  • Kanungo, R. N. (1982). Measurement of job and work involvement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67, 341–349.
  • Kavak, B., & Vatansever, N. (2007). Hizmet sektöründe örgüt içi iletişim bileşenleri ve işgören verimliliği üzerindeki etkileri: Ankara’daki beş yıldızlı otel işgörenlerinin düşünceleri. Ticaret ve Turizm Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 2, 120-140.
  • Klandermans, B. (1986). Psychology and trade union participation: Joining, acting quitting. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 59, 189-204.
  • Kunda, G. (1992). Engineering Culture: Control and Commitment in A High-Tech Corporation. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
  • McMillan, L. H., Brady, E. C., O'Driscoll, M. P., & Marsh, N. V. (2002). A multifaceted validation study of Spence and Robbins'(1992) Workaholism Battery. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 75(3), 357- 368.
  • McMillan, L., O’Driscoll, M., Marsh, N., & Brady, E. (2001), Understanding workaholism: data synthesis, theoretical critique, and future design strategies. International Journal of Stress Management, 8, 69-91.
  • Mirvis, P., & Kanter, D. (1989). Combatting cynicism in workplace. National Productivity Review, 8(4), 377-394.
  • Mirvis, P. H., & Kanter, D. L. (1991). Beyond demography: A psychographic profile of the workforce. Human Resource Management, 30(1), 45-68.
  • Mudrack, P. E., & Naughton, T. J. (2001). The assessment of workaholism as behavioral tendencies: Scale development and preliminary empirical testing. International Journal of Stress Management, 8(2), 93-111.
  • Naus, A. J. A. M. (2007). Organizational cynicism on the nature, antecedents, and consequences of employee cynicism toward the employing organization. (Dissertation of Doctor of Philosophy), Maastricht University, Maastricht.
  • Ng, T. W., Sorensen, K. L., & Feldman, D. C. (2007). Dimensions, antecedents, and consequences of workaholism: a conceptual integration and extension. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 28(1), 111-136. doi:10.1002/job.424.
  • Özdevecioğlu, M. (2003). Algılanan örgütsel adaletin bireylerarası saldırgan davranışlar üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesine yönelik bir araştırma. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, (21), 77-96.
  • Özler, D. E., Atalay, C. G., & Şahin, M. D. (2010). Örgütlerde sinizm güvensizlikle mi bulaşır? Organizasyon ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(2), 47-57.
  • Porter, G. (1996). Organizational impact of workaholism: Suggestions for researching the negative outcomes of excessive work. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 1(1), 70.
  • Reichers, A. E., Wanous, J. P., & Austin, J. T. (1997). Understanding and managing cynicism about organizational change. The Academy of Management Executive, 11(1), 48-59.
  • Robinson, B. E. (1998). Chained to the desk: a guidebook for workaholic, their partners and children and clinicians who treat them. New York: NYU Press.
  • Scott, K. S., Moore, K. S., & Miceli, M. P. (1997). An exploration of the meaning and consequences of workaholism. Human Relations, 50, 287-314.
  • Seybold, K. C., & Salomone, P. R. (1994). Understanding workaholism: A review of causes and counseling approaches. Journal of Counseling & Development, 73(1), 4-9.
  • Spence, J. T., & Robbins, A. S. (1992). Workaholism: Definition, measurement, and preliminary results. Journal of Personality Assessment, 58(1), 160-178.
  • Sur, Ö. (2010). Örgütsel sinizm: Eskişehir ili büro çalışanları üzerine bir alan araştırması. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Wanous, J. P, Reichers, A. E., & Austin, J. T. (2000). Cynicism about organizational change: Measurement, antecedent and correlates. Group and Organizational Management, 25(2), 132-153.

The effect of organizational cynicism on employee performance and workaholism: A research on aircraft maintenance organisations in Turkey

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 97 - 120, 31.07.2022

Abstract

Organizational cynicism is a type of negative organizational behavior that an individual has developed towards his or her organization, and it emerges when there are inconsistencies between the individual perspectives and beliefs of the employees in the organization and the values belonging to the organization. For this reason, it is very important to identify the factors that lead to organizational cynicism and to take precautions against them. Considering the current situation of the aviation industry in Turkey, the high workload, and the variable and challenging structure of the industry, it has been seen that there is not enough work in the field of organizational cynicism in the aviation industry. In this direction, it is aimed to determine the effects of organizational cynicism in terms of performance and work dependency in aircraft maintenance organizations in Turkey. In this context, in the first part of the study, a literature review was conducted and in the second part, a questionnaire was applied to employees of different ages, genders, and statuses, who work in aircraft maintenance organizations in Turkey. In most of the studies examined in the literature, it is seen that the relationships between organizational cynicism and demographic variables and many variables such as general cynicism, psychological contract violation, employee performance, work dependence, organizational support, organizational justice, organizational identification, intention to leave and organizational commitment are examined. Reliability, validity, factor, correlation, and regression analyzes of the study were carried out by revealing the general situation of the study regarding organizational cynicism in the aircraft maintenance and repair sector in Turkey, and by analyzing the data obtained from the study in the SPSS 26.0 program. In the study in which organizational cynicism was investigated on the performance and work dependency levels of employees in aircraft maintenance organizations, it was concluded that organizational cynicism had a partially significant effect on employee performance and work dependence. It is thought that this original study conducted in aircraft maintenance organizations in Turkey will contribute to the literature and will be useful for future research.

References

  • Abraham, R. (2000). Organizational cynicism: Bases and consequences. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 126(3), 269-292.
  • Andersson, L. (1996). Employee cynicism: An examination using a contract violation framework. Human Relations, 49, 1395-1418.
  • Andersson, L., & Bateman, T. (1997). Cynicism in the workplace some causes and effects. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18(5), 449-469.
  • Ayduğan, N. (2012). Mobbingin örgütsel sinizme etkisi: Beş Yıldızlı otel işletmelerinde bir uygulama. (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Afyon, Türkiye.
  • Bonebright, C. A., Daniel, L. C., & Ankenmann, R. D. (2000). The relationship of workaholism with work-life conflict, life satisfaction, and purpose in life. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47(4), 469-477.
  • Brandes, P. M. (1997). Organizational cynicism: Its nature, Antecedents and Consequences. (Dissertation of Doctor of Philosophy). The University of Cincinnati.
  • Brown, M., & Cregan, C. (2008). Organizational change cynicism: The role of employee involvement. Human Resource Management, 47(4), 667-686.
  • Burke, R. J. (2000). Workaholism in organizations: Psychological and physical well-being consequences. Stress Medicine, 16, 11-16.
  • Byrne, Z. S., & Hochwarter, W. A. (2008). Perceived organizational support and performance relationships across levels of organizational cynicism. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23(1), 54-72.
  • Cartwright, S., & Holmes, N. (2006). The meaning of work: The challenge of regaining employee engagement and reducing cynicism. Human Resource Management Review, 16(2), 199-208.
  • Cole, M. S., Brunch, H., & Vogel, B. (2006). Emotion as mediators of the relations between perceived supervision support and psychological hardiness on employee cynicism. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27, 463-484.
  • Colquitt, J. A., Conlon, D. E., Wesson, M. J., Porter, C. O. L. H., & Ng, K. Y. (2001). Justice in the millenium: A meta-analytic review of 25 years of organizational justice research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 425-455.
  • Danna, K., & Griffin, R. W. (1999). Health and well-being in the workplace. Journal of Management, 25, 357-384.
  • Dean, J. W., Brandes P., & Dharwadkar, R. (1998). Organizational Cynicism. Academy of Management Review, 23(2), 341-352.
  • Delken, M. (2004). Organizational cynicism: A study among call centers. (Unpublished Master Thesis). University of Maastricht, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Maastricht.
  • Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71-75.
  • Douglas, E., & Morris, R. (2006). Workaholic, or just hard worker?. Career Development International. 11. 10.1108/13620430610683043.
  • Eaton, A. J. (2000). A social motivation approach to organizational cynicism. (Master of Arts). York University, Toronto.
  • Flowers, C. P., & Robinson, B. (2002). A structural and discriminant analysis of the work addiction risk test. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 62(3), 517-526.
  • Harpaz, I., & Snir, R. (2003). Workaholism: Its definition and nature. Human Relations, 56(3), 291-319.
  • James, M. S. L. (2005). Antecedents and consequences of cynicism in organizations: An examination of the potential positive and negative effects on school systems. (Dissertation of Doctor of Philosophy). The Florida State University, Florida
  • Johnson, J. L., & O'Leary-Kelly, A. M. (2003). The effects of Psychological Contract Breach and Organizational Cynicism: Not all social exchange violations are created equal. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24(5), 627-647.
  • Kalağan, G. (2009). Araştırma görevlilerinin örgütsel destek algıları ile örgütsel sinizm tutumları arasındaki ilişki. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Akdeniz Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Antalya
  • Kanungo, R. N. (1982). Measurement of job and work involvement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67, 341–349.
  • Kavak, B., & Vatansever, N. (2007). Hizmet sektöründe örgüt içi iletişim bileşenleri ve işgören verimliliği üzerindeki etkileri: Ankara’daki beş yıldızlı otel işgörenlerinin düşünceleri. Ticaret ve Turizm Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 2, 120-140.
  • Klandermans, B. (1986). Psychology and trade union participation: Joining, acting quitting. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 59, 189-204.
  • Kunda, G. (1992). Engineering Culture: Control and Commitment in A High-Tech Corporation. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
  • McMillan, L. H., Brady, E. C., O'Driscoll, M. P., & Marsh, N. V. (2002). A multifaceted validation study of Spence and Robbins'(1992) Workaholism Battery. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 75(3), 357- 368.
  • McMillan, L., O’Driscoll, M., Marsh, N., & Brady, E. (2001), Understanding workaholism: data synthesis, theoretical critique, and future design strategies. International Journal of Stress Management, 8, 69-91.
  • Mirvis, P., & Kanter, D. (1989). Combatting cynicism in workplace. National Productivity Review, 8(4), 377-394.
  • Mirvis, P. H., & Kanter, D. L. (1991). Beyond demography: A psychographic profile of the workforce. Human Resource Management, 30(1), 45-68.
  • Mudrack, P. E., & Naughton, T. J. (2001). The assessment of workaholism as behavioral tendencies: Scale development and preliminary empirical testing. International Journal of Stress Management, 8(2), 93-111.
  • Naus, A. J. A. M. (2007). Organizational cynicism on the nature, antecedents, and consequences of employee cynicism toward the employing organization. (Dissertation of Doctor of Philosophy), Maastricht University, Maastricht.
  • Ng, T. W., Sorensen, K. L., & Feldman, D. C. (2007). Dimensions, antecedents, and consequences of workaholism: a conceptual integration and extension. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 28(1), 111-136. doi:10.1002/job.424.
  • Özdevecioğlu, M. (2003). Algılanan örgütsel adaletin bireylerarası saldırgan davranışlar üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesine yönelik bir araştırma. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, (21), 77-96.
  • Özler, D. E., Atalay, C. G., & Şahin, M. D. (2010). Örgütlerde sinizm güvensizlikle mi bulaşır? Organizasyon ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(2), 47-57.
  • Porter, G. (1996). Organizational impact of workaholism: Suggestions for researching the negative outcomes of excessive work. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 1(1), 70.
  • Reichers, A. E., Wanous, J. P., & Austin, J. T. (1997). Understanding and managing cynicism about organizational change. The Academy of Management Executive, 11(1), 48-59.
  • Robinson, B. E. (1998). Chained to the desk: a guidebook for workaholic, their partners and children and clinicians who treat them. New York: NYU Press.
  • Scott, K. S., Moore, K. S., & Miceli, M. P. (1997). An exploration of the meaning and consequences of workaholism. Human Relations, 50, 287-314.
  • Seybold, K. C., & Salomone, P. R. (1994). Understanding workaholism: A review of causes and counseling approaches. Journal of Counseling & Development, 73(1), 4-9.
  • Spence, J. T., & Robbins, A. S. (1992). Workaholism: Definition, measurement, and preliminary results. Journal of Personality Assessment, 58(1), 160-178.
  • Sur, Ö. (2010). Örgütsel sinizm: Eskişehir ili büro çalışanları üzerine bir alan araştırması. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Wanous, J. P, Reichers, A. E., & Austin, J. T. (2000). Cynicism about organizational change: Measurement, antecedent and correlates. Group and Organizational Management, 25(2), 132-153.
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Operation
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Mehmet Batuhan Özcan 0000-0003-2391-0691

Gülaçtı Şen 0000-0003-4168-0586

Publication Date July 31, 2022
Acceptance Date July 26, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Özcan, M. B., & Şen, G. (2022). Örgütsel sinizmin çalışanların performansı ve işe bağımlılık düzeyleri üzerindeki etkisi: Türkiye’de hava aracı bakım kuruluşlarında bir araştırma. Business Economics and Management Research Journal, 5(2), 97-120.

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