Right to Work and Gender Equality: Employment Creation Programs

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 23 - 40, 20.10.2022

Özge İzdeş

Abstract

Employer of last resort (ELR) is a Keynesian policy alternative in which state creates employment and provides the guarantee to be employed as a right. The objective of the study is to discuss the potential positive outcomes of employment guarantee policy on women’s economic empowerment and economic participation. Employment creation programs with various scopes and targets have been adopted as policies in response to high unemployment and poverty across many countries. However due to their limited scope, duration and different objectives, those programs have rather limited transformative influence compared to the ELR framework. Nevertheless the public employment creation programs implemented in the US, South Africa, India and Argentina discussed here as cases show that, despite their limited scope, programs’ impact on women’s economic empowerment and the potential they entail when they are designed from a gender aware perspective is remarkable.

Keywords

employment guarantee, women's employment, women's economic empowerment, right to work, H. Minsky

Çalışma Hakkı ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitliği: İstihdam Yaratma Programları

Abstract

Keynesyen bir alternatif olan devletin son istihdam mercii rolünü üstlenerek istihdam yaratması politikasında devlet bir hak olarak istihdam edilme olanağı sunmaktadır. Bu çalışma istihdam garantisi politikasının kadınların ekonomik hayata katılımı ve ekonomik güçlenmesi açısından sonuçlarını tartışmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bir makroekonomik yaklaşım olarak benimsenmeksizin, yüksek işsizlik ve yoksullukla geçici mücadele araçları olarak farklı kapsamda ve içerikte uygulanan istihdam yaratma programları ise devletin makroekonomik politika ekseninde son istihdam mercii olarak bir istihdam garantörü olma rolünden daha sınırlı etki ve dönüşüm gücüne sahiptir. Bununla birlikte çalışmada ele alınan ABD, Güney Afrika, Hindistan ve Arjantin’de uygulanan kamu istihdam yaratma programlarının daha sınırlı kapsamda tasarlanmış haliyle dahi kadının ekonomik güçlenmesi üzerindeki etkileri ve programların cinsiyete duyarlı bir perspektifle tasarlanmasının yaratacağı fark dikkate değerdir.

Keywords

istihdam garantisi, çalışma hakkı, kadın istihdamı, kadının ekonomik güçlenmesi, H.Minsky

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