Kırım Tatarları’nın Statüsündeki Değişiklik: Ulusal Azınlıktan Yerli Halklığa Mı?

Year 2018, Issue: 85, 299 - 332, 30.04.2018

Utku Yapıcı

Abstract

1950lerden itibaren Kızılderili ve Eskimo halklarının hakları konusundaki akademik ilgi artışına bağlı olarak “yerli haklar” kavramı
dünya çapında bir popülerlik kazandı. Uluslararası Çalışma Örgütü,
Dünya Bankası ve Birleşmiş Milletler gibi etkili uluslararası örgütlerin normatif çabaları, hak arayışındaki mahrumiyet çeken grupların
bu terimi araçsallaştırma süreçlerini hızlandırdı. 1990lardan itibaren
Kırım Tatarları da “Kırım’ın yerli halkı” olarak tanınma mücadelesine giriştiler. Hedeflerini görünürde gerçekleştirdiler. Ukrayna parlamentosu 2014 Martında Kırım’ın Rusya Federasyonu tarafından
işgalinin ardından bu statüyü Kırım Tatarları’na verdi. Ancak, bizzat
işgalin kendisi, parlamento kararının uygulanmasını engelledi. Bu
makale, esas olarak Kırım Tatarları’nın yerli halk statüsü taleplerinin
nedenlerine ve bu taleplere Ukrayna ve Rusya Federasyonu’nun tepkilerine odaklanmaktadır. Çalışmanın ana hedefi Kırım Tatarları’nın
statüsündeki tarihsel değişimleri saptayabilmektir.

Keywords

Kırım Tatarları, Milli Azınlık, Yerli Halk, Ukrayna, Rusya Federasyonu

Change in the Status of the Crimean Tatars: from National Minority to Indigenous People?

Abstract

Starting from the 1950s the term “indigenous peoples” has gained
a tenacious worldwide popularity thanks to growing academic focus
on the rights of Indian and Inuit peoples. Contiguous normative
efforts of some influential international organizations such as International Labour Organization, World Bank, and United Nations also
encouraged the instrumentalization of the term by some right-seeking disadvantaged groups. Since the 1990s, the Crimean Tatars have
also strived to be recognized as “indigenous people of Crimea”. They
eventually seemed to have reached their goals. Ukrainian parliament
gave the status of indigenous people to Crimean Tatars after Russian
Federation’s seizure of Crimea in March 2014. However, the seizure
itself prevented the implementation of the parliament act. This article
mainly focuses on the reasons behind Tatar claims for gaining the
indigenous people status as well as Ukraine’s and Russian Federation’s
reactions to those claims. The main objective of the article is to identify historical changes in the status of the Crimean Tatars. 

Keywords

Crimean Tatars, National Minority, Indigenous People, Ukraine, the Russian Federation

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