A Heretic Group In XVI Century Spain: Los Alumbrados (The Enlightened) And Their Mystical Orientation

Abstract

The Alumbrados movement is a mystical group that emerged in and around Toledo, Spain, in the 16th century. Since the doctrines they advocated were quite different from traditional Christian theology, the Spanish Inquisition court of the time issued edicts on them on three different dates. The most apparent theological approach of the movement is that the human soul, which has reached a certain degree of perfection, can contact the Holy Spirit without mediation; such people do not need religious rites and rituals. Again, according to them, veneration of the saints is a distraction, and even accepting Jesus Christ as an intermediary means putting an unnecessary distance between God and us. Members of Los Alumbrados describe themselves as people devoted to the love of God and believe that they have an enlightened soul. There are different approaches about the origin of Los Alumbrados' beliefs and mystical orientations. The most compelling of these is the thesis that they have an Islamic origin. This article attempts to describe the theological views of Los Alumbrados, which led to his prosecution as sinful, by centering on his mystical understanding. In addition, the opinion of the movement on religious rituals and its effects on the history of Christianity has also been discussed in the article.

Keywords

• History of Religions
• The Alumbrados
• Inquisition
• Heretism
• Christianity.

XVI. Yüzyıl İspanya’sında Heretik Bir Grup: Los Alumbrados (Aydınlanmışlar) Ve Mistik Yönelimi

Abstract

Los Alumbrados 16. Yüzyılda İspanya’nın Toledo şehri ve civarında ortaya çıkmış mistik bir gruptur. Savundukları doktrinler geleneksel Hristiyan teolojisinden oldukça farklı olduğu için dönemin İspanyol Engizisyon mahkemesi haklarında üç farklı tarihte ferman yayınlamıştır. Hareketin en belirgin teolojik yaklaşımı, belirli bir mükemmellik derecesine erişen insan ruhunun Kutsal Ruh ile aracısız olarak temasa geçebileceği ve bu tarz kişilerin dini ayin ve ritüellere ihtiyacı olmadığı yönündedir. Yine onlara göre, kişinin azizlere hürmet etmesi bir oyalamadır ve hatta İsa Mesih’i bir aracı olarak kabul etmek Tanrı ile aramıza gereksiz bir mesafe koymak anlamına gelir. Los Alumbrados mensupları kendilerini Tanrı sevgisine adamış kimseler olarak tanımlamakta ve aydınlanmış bir ruha sahip olduklarına inanmaktadır. Los Alumbrados’un gelenekten ayrılan bu inançları ve mistik yönelimlerinin kökeni hakkında ise farklı yaklaşımlar bulunmaktadır. Bunlar arasında en ikna edici olanı, onların İslami bir orijine dayandığı tezidir. Bu makale, bahsi geçen grubun heretik olarak kovuşturmaya tabi tutulmasına yol açan teolojik görüşlerini mistik anlayışını merkeze almak suretiyle tespit ederek hangi geleneksel doktrinleri nasıl kabul ettiğini betimlemeye yönelik bir girişimdir. Bununla birlikte makalede hareketin dini ritüellere bakışı ve Hristiyanlık tarihindeki etkileri de ele alınmaktadır.

Keywords

• Dinler Tarihi
• Aydınlanmışlar
• Engizisyon
• Heretizm
• Hristiyanlık.

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