Morphological and anatomical investigation of drugs sold with the name of Yalancı Melisa Aloysia citriodora in Turkey

Abstract

Aloysia citriodora Palau Verbenaceae is a deciduous shrub. Culture and trade of the plant are done due to the lemon scent of its leaves and flowers. The leaves are used as drug and the name of “Lemon verbena leaf; folium citriodoratae Verbenae” is registered in European Pharmacopoeia. Drug which obtained from this plant is known with the names of “yalancı melisa, limon kokulu oğulotu” that not grow naturally in our country. The leaves are used as appetizer and sedative and also against diabetes in folk medicine. In this study, 14 distinct samples from four different regions and 5 several cities Ankara, Hatay, İstanbul, Kayseri and Muğla were purchased. Also, the fresh samples were obtained from the Atatürk Central Horticultural Research Institute Yalova, Turkey to be used as standard sample. Firstly, morphological properties of standard sample and the samples of purchased from the market were determined. In anatomical study, cross and superficial sections from the leaves of the standard sample and cross sections from the petiole of the standard sample were taken and examined under the microscope; thereby the anatomical structure of the leaf was determined. In addition, powdered drugs of standard and samples obtained from the market were investigated and the characteristic anatomical structures were identified. As a result of the anatomical examinations, the leaf is bifacial and anomocytic stomata cells on the lower surface of the leaf 4-6 subsidiary cells were identified. The abundant eglandular and glandular trichomes were observed to be more intense on lower surface of the leaf. In cross section taken from the petiole, the eglandular and glandular trichomes were found to be gathered on the upper surface of petiole

Keywords

• Aloysia citriodora,Verbenaceae,morphology,anatomy,powder drug

Yalancı Melisa adıyla satılan drogların morfolojik ve anatomik incelenmesi

Abstract

Aloysia citriodora Palau Verbenaceae , kışın yapraklarını döken çalı formunda bir bitkidir. Yaprak ve çiçeklerinin sahip olduğu limon kokusu nedeniyle kültürü ve ticareti yapılmaktadır. Drog olarak kullanılan bitki kısmı yapraklarıdır ve Avrupa Farmakopesi’nde “Lemon verbena leaf; Verbenae citriodoratae folium” adıyla kayıtlıdır. Ülkemizde doğal olarak yetişmeyen bu bitkiden elde edilen drog, “yalancı melisa, limon kokulu oğulotu” adlarıyla bilinir. Yapraklar halk arasında iştah açıcı ve yatıştırıcı olarak, ayrıca şeker hastalığına karşı kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada dört farklı bölgeden ve 5 değişik ilden Ankara, Hatay, İstanbul, Kayseri ve Muğla 14 ayrı örnek satın alınmıştır. Ayrıca standart numune olarak kullanılmak üzere Yalova Atatürk Bahçe Kültürleri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü’nden taze örnekler temin edilmiştir. Standart numunenin ve piyasadan satın alınan örneklerin öncelikle morfolojik özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Anatomik çalışmada standart numunenin yapraklarından enine ve yüzeysel kesitler, sap kısmından ise enine kesitler alınarak mikroskopta incelenmiş ve yaprağın anatomik yapısı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca standart numunenin ve piyasadan alınan örneklerin toz drog örnekleri incelenerek, karakteristik anatomik yapıları tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan anatomik incelemeler sonucunda yaprağın bifasiyal olduğu, alt yüzünde anomositik tipte stoma 4-6 komşu hücresi taşıdığı belirlenmiştir. Alt yüzde daha yoğun olmak üzere bol miktarda örtü ve salgı tüyü gözlenmiştir. Yaprak sapından alınan enine kesitte ise örtü ve salgı tüylerinin üst yüzeyde toplandığı saptanmıştır

Keywords

• Aloysia citriodora,Verbenaceae,morfoloji,anatomi,toz drog

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