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Piyasada satılan hayıt meyve fructus agni-casti ve yaprakları üzerinde morfolojik ve anatomik çalışmalar

Year 2018, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 47 - 59, 15.08.2018

Abstract

The Vitex agnus-castus L. Verbenaceae plant of which the fruits are registered at the European Pharmacopoeia Fructus agni-casti , grows naturally especially where the Mediterranean climate prevails in the territory of our country Turkey , and is known as "hayıt" in vernacular. Fruits are traditionally used in our country as well as in various parts of the world, especially in the treatment of menstrual disordes. Futhermore, the leaves of the plant are also consumed for the same purpose in our country. In this study, samples of Vitex agnus-castus to be sold under the name of "hayıt" on the market are purchased from various districts of Turkey, as well as the samples collected from nature are used as a standard. All of the samples to be sold in the market are the fruits of the plant, however leaves are also used among people. In this study, the morphological characteristics of the fruits and leaves of this plant have been determined firstly. Their anatomical features were determined by cross-sections and the microphotographs were taken. Powdered drug analysis of the fruit was also carried out and microphotographs of the characteristic structures were given. It has been determined that the samples sold under the name "hayıt" in different cities belong to V. agnuscastus. However, according to the findings from the study, it has been determined that these samples do not have appropriate characteristics in terms of public health. This is the very first study to determine the suitability of “hayıt” samples in the market where people have used as medicinal plants, to the European Pharmacopoeia.

References

  • Al-Qura’n, S. (2009). Ethnopharmacological survey of wild medicinal plants in Showbak. Jordan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 123, 45-50.
  • Baytop, T. (1999). Türkiye’de bitkilerle tedavi, geçmişte ve bugün. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri.
  • Bulut, G., Tuzlacı, E. (2013). An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in Turgutlu (Manisa-Turkey). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 149, 633-47.
  • Chen, S.-N., Friesen, J.B., Webster, D., Nikolic, D., Van Breemen, R.B., Wang, Z.J., Fong, H.H.S., Farnsworth, N.R., Pauli, G.F.
  • (2011). Phytoconstituents from Vitex agnus-castus fruits. Fitoterapia, 82, 528–533.
  • Coelho-Ferreira, M. (2009). Medicinal knowledge and plant utilization in an Amazonian coastal community of Marudá, Pará State (Brazil). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 126, 159-75.
  • Çelebioğlu, S., Baytop, T. (1949). A new reagent for microscopical investigation of plant. Publication of the Instute of Pharmacognosy. 10 (19), 301.
  • De Albuquerque, U.P., Monteiro, J.M., Ramos, M.A., De Amorim, E.L.C. (2007). Medicinal and magic plants from a public market in northeastern Brazil. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 110, 76-91.
  • Diener, H. (1965). Drogenkunde. Leibzig : VEB Fachbuchverlag.
  • Doğan, Y., Ay, G., Kozuharova, E. (2008). A study on the anatomical characteristics of Vitex agnus-castus (Verbenaceae).
  • Phytologia Balcanica, 14 (1), 97-101.
  • Duymuş, H.G., Akalın Çiftçi, G., Ulusoylar Yıldırım, Ş., Demirci, B., Kırımer, N. (2014). The cytotoxic activity of Vitex agnus castus L. essential oils and their biochemical mechanisms. Industrial Crops and Products, 55, 33-42.
  • EP (2011). European Pharmacopoeia, 7th Edition, Vol. 1., Council of Europe. Strasburg.
  • Evans, W.C. (2000). Trease and Evans pharmacognosy. Fifteenth Edition. Edinburgh: Saunders.
  • Gökbulut, A., Özhan, O., Karacaoğlu, M., Şarer, E. (2010). Radical scavenging activity and vitexin content of Vitex agnus-castus leaves and fruits. FABAD Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 35, 85-91.
  • Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M., Babaç, M.T., (edlr.), (2012). Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını. İstanbul.
  • Gürdal, B., Kültür, Ş. (2013). An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in Marmaris (Muğla, Turkey). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 146, 113-26.
  • Güvenç, A. (2010). Türkiye’de Kültürü Yapılan Tıbbi Bitkilerin Bitkisel Drog Olarak Değerlendirilmesi. 19. Bitkiselİlaç Hammaddeleri Toplantısı (Bihat 2010), Mersin 27-30 Ekim 2010, Bildiri kitabı, Mersin Üniversitesi Yayınları No: 28, Eczacılık Fakültesi Yayınları No: 1.
  • Haensel, R., Sticher, O. (2009). Pharmakognozie-Phytopharmazie. 9. Auflage. Heidelberg: Springer. Hirobe, C., Qiao, Z.-S., Takeya, K., Itokawa, H. (1997). Cytotoxic flavonoids from Vitex agnus-castus. Phytochemistry, 46 (3), 521- 24.
  • Hoberg, E., Orjala, J., Meier, B., Sticher, O. (1999). Diterpenoids from the fruits of Vitex agnus-castus. Phytochemistry, 52, 1555-58.
  • Honda, G., Yeşilada, E., Tabata, M., Sezik, E., Fujita, T., Takeda, Y., Takaishi, Y., Tanaka, T. (1996). Traditional medicine in Turkey VI. Folk medicine in West Anatolia: Afyon, Kütahya, Denizli, Muğla, Aydın provinces. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 53, 75-87.
  • Kılıçarslan, M. (2014). Bitkisel tıbbi ürünler ve iyi imalat uygulamaları (GMP). Hayat sağlık Sağlık ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12, 64-73.
  • Kıvçak, B., Mert, T., Öztürk, H.T. (2002). Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of Vitex agnus-castus L. Journal of faculty of pharmacy of gazi university, 19 (1), 55-59.
  • Köroğlu, A. (2015). Tıbbi bitkilerin yeri: Eczane. Hayat ve sağlık, 14, 56-61.
  • Kuruüzüm Uz, A. (2009). Bitkisel farmasötik ürünlerde GACP (iyi tarım ve toplama uygulamaları) ve GMP (iyi üretim uygulamaları). Modern fitofarmakoterapi ve doğal farmasötikler, 1, 54-58.
  • Kuruüzüm Uz, A., Ströch, K., Demirezer, Ö., Zeeck, A. (2003). Glucosides from Vitex agnus-castus. Phytochemistry, 63, 959-64.
  • Metcalfe, C.R., Chalk, L. (1957). Anatomy of the Dicotyledons. Vol. 2. Oxford: Claredon Press.
  • PDR (2004). PDR for Herbal Medicines. 3th Ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company.
  • Polat, R., Satıl, F. (2012). An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in Edremit Gulf (Balıkesir – Turkey). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 139, 626 – 641.
  • Sarac, N., Uygur, A., Sen, B. (2015). In vitro antimutagenic activity of Vitex agnus-castus L. essential oils and ethanolic extracts.
  • Industrial Crops and Products, 63, 100-103.
  • Stojkovic, D., Sokovic, M., Glamoclija, J., Dzamic, A., Ciric, A., Ristic, M., Grubisic, D. (2011). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Vitex agnus-castus L. fruits and leaves essential oils. Food Chemistry, 128, 1017-22.
  • Townsend, C.C. (1982). “Vitex L.” In: Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 7, PH. Davis (Ed.). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Morphological and anatomical studies on hayıt fruit fructus agni-casti and leafs sold in the market

Year 2018, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 47 - 59, 15.08.2018

Abstract

Avrupa Farmakopesi’nde meyveleri Fructus agni-casti kayıtlı olan Vitex agnus-castus L. Verbenaceae bitkisi, ülkemizde özellikle Akdeniz ikliminin hüküm sürdüğü bölgelerde doğal olarak yetişir ve “hayıt” adıyla tanınır. Meyveler, dünyanın çeşitli bölgelerinde olduğu gibi ülkemizde de özellikle kadın hastalıklarının tedavisinde halk arasında geleneksel olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ülkemizde ayrıca bitkinin yaprakları da aynı amaçla tüketilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, piyasada “hayıt” adı altında satılan Vitex agnus-castus örnekleri çeşitli illerimizden satın alınmış, doğadan topladığımız örnekler ise standart olarak kullanılmıştır. Piyasada satılan örneklerin tamamı bitkinin meyveleridir, ancak halk arasında yaprakları da kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle kullanılan bitki kısımları olan meyve ve yaprakların morfolojik özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Alınan enine kesitlerle meyve ve yaprakların anatomik özellikleri belirlenmiş ve mikrografları çekilmiştir. Meyvenin toz drog analizi de yapılmış ve karakteristik yapılarının mikrografları verilmiştir. Değişik illerimizde “hayıt meyvesi” adı altında satılan örneklerin V. agnus-castus bitkisine ait olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Fakat çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda bu numunelerin halk sağlığı açısından uygun nitelikler taşımadığı belirlenmiştir. Türkiye’de halk arasında kullanıldığı bilinen ve daha çok halkın tıbbi bitki temin ettiği piyasada yer alan “hayıt” örneklerinin Avrupa Farmakopesi’ne uygunluğunu tespit etmek amacıyla yapılmış ilk çalışmadır.

References

  • Al-Qura’n, S. (2009). Ethnopharmacological survey of wild medicinal plants in Showbak. Jordan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 123, 45-50.
  • Baytop, T. (1999). Türkiye’de bitkilerle tedavi, geçmişte ve bugün. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri.
  • Bulut, G., Tuzlacı, E. (2013). An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in Turgutlu (Manisa-Turkey). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 149, 633-47.
  • Chen, S.-N., Friesen, J.B., Webster, D., Nikolic, D., Van Breemen, R.B., Wang, Z.J., Fong, H.H.S., Farnsworth, N.R., Pauli, G.F.
  • (2011). Phytoconstituents from Vitex agnus-castus fruits. Fitoterapia, 82, 528–533.
  • Coelho-Ferreira, M. (2009). Medicinal knowledge and plant utilization in an Amazonian coastal community of Marudá, Pará State (Brazil). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 126, 159-75.
  • Çelebioğlu, S., Baytop, T. (1949). A new reagent for microscopical investigation of plant. Publication of the Instute of Pharmacognosy. 10 (19), 301.
  • De Albuquerque, U.P., Monteiro, J.M., Ramos, M.A., De Amorim, E.L.C. (2007). Medicinal and magic plants from a public market in northeastern Brazil. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 110, 76-91.
  • Diener, H. (1965). Drogenkunde. Leibzig : VEB Fachbuchverlag.
  • Doğan, Y., Ay, G., Kozuharova, E. (2008). A study on the anatomical characteristics of Vitex agnus-castus (Verbenaceae).
  • Phytologia Balcanica, 14 (1), 97-101.
  • Duymuş, H.G., Akalın Çiftçi, G., Ulusoylar Yıldırım, Ş., Demirci, B., Kırımer, N. (2014). The cytotoxic activity of Vitex agnus castus L. essential oils and their biochemical mechanisms. Industrial Crops and Products, 55, 33-42.
  • EP (2011). European Pharmacopoeia, 7th Edition, Vol. 1., Council of Europe. Strasburg.
  • Evans, W.C. (2000). Trease and Evans pharmacognosy. Fifteenth Edition. Edinburgh: Saunders.
  • Gökbulut, A., Özhan, O., Karacaoğlu, M., Şarer, E. (2010). Radical scavenging activity and vitexin content of Vitex agnus-castus leaves and fruits. FABAD Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 35, 85-91.
  • Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M., Babaç, M.T., (edlr.), (2012). Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını. İstanbul.
  • Gürdal, B., Kültür, Ş. (2013). An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in Marmaris (Muğla, Turkey). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 146, 113-26.
  • Güvenç, A. (2010). Türkiye’de Kültürü Yapılan Tıbbi Bitkilerin Bitkisel Drog Olarak Değerlendirilmesi. 19. Bitkiselİlaç Hammaddeleri Toplantısı (Bihat 2010), Mersin 27-30 Ekim 2010, Bildiri kitabı, Mersin Üniversitesi Yayınları No: 28, Eczacılık Fakültesi Yayınları No: 1.
  • Haensel, R., Sticher, O. (2009). Pharmakognozie-Phytopharmazie. 9. Auflage. Heidelberg: Springer. Hirobe, C., Qiao, Z.-S., Takeya, K., Itokawa, H. (1997). Cytotoxic flavonoids from Vitex agnus-castus. Phytochemistry, 46 (3), 521- 24.
  • Hoberg, E., Orjala, J., Meier, B., Sticher, O. (1999). Diterpenoids from the fruits of Vitex agnus-castus. Phytochemistry, 52, 1555-58.
  • Honda, G., Yeşilada, E., Tabata, M., Sezik, E., Fujita, T., Takeda, Y., Takaishi, Y., Tanaka, T. (1996). Traditional medicine in Turkey VI. Folk medicine in West Anatolia: Afyon, Kütahya, Denizli, Muğla, Aydın provinces. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 53, 75-87.
  • Kılıçarslan, M. (2014). Bitkisel tıbbi ürünler ve iyi imalat uygulamaları (GMP). Hayat sağlık Sağlık ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12, 64-73.
  • Kıvçak, B., Mert, T., Öztürk, H.T. (2002). Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of Vitex agnus-castus L. Journal of faculty of pharmacy of gazi university, 19 (1), 55-59.
  • Köroğlu, A. (2015). Tıbbi bitkilerin yeri: Eczane. Hayat ve sağlık, 14, 56-61.
  • Kuruüzüm Uz, A. (2009). Bitkisel farmasötik ürünlerde GACP (iyi tarım ve toplama uygulamaları) ve GMP (iyi üretim uygulamaları). Modern fitofarmakoterapi ve doğal farmasötikler, 1, 54-58.
  • Kuruüzüm Uz, A., Ströch, K., Demirezer, Ö., Zeeck, A. (2003). Glucosides from Vitex agnus-castus. Phytochemistry, 63, 959-64.
  • Metcalfe, C.R., Chalk, L. (1957). Anatomy of the Dicotyledons. Vol. 2. Oxford: Claredon Press.
  • PDR (2004). PDR for Herbal Medicines. 3th Ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company.
  • Polat, R., Satıl, F. (2012). An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in Edremit Gulf (Balıkesir – Turkey). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 139, 626 – 641.
  • Sarac, N., Uygur, A., Sen, B. (2015). In vitro antimutagenic activity of Vitex agnus-castus L. essential oils and ethanolic extracts.
  • Industrial Crops and Products, 63, 100-103.
  • Stojkovic, D., Sokovic, M., Glamoclija, J., Dzamic, A., Ciric, A., Ristic, M., Grubisic, D. (2011). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Vitex agnus-castus L. fruits and leaves essential oils. Food Chemistry, 128, 1017-22.
  • Townsend, C.C. (1982). “Vitex L.” In: Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 7, PH. Davis (Ed.). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Muhammed Mesud Hürkul This is me

Ayşegül Köroğlu This is me

Publication Date August 15, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 11 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Hürkul, M. M., & Köroğlu, A. (2018). Morphological and anatomical studies on hayıt fruit fructus agni-casti and leafs sold in the market. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 11(2), 47-59.

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