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Edirne çevresinde yetişen bazı Silene L. türleri üzerinde morfolojik, anatomik ve karyolojik araştırmalar

Year 2019, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 167 - 180, 15.04.2019

Abstract

Bu araştırmada, Caryophyllaceae familyasına ait Silene L. cinsinin, Edirne çevresinde yetişen ve Behenantha Otth, Conomorpha Otth ve Siphonomorpha Otth seksiyonları içinde yer alan, Silene conica L., S. italica (L.) Pers., S. lydia Boiss., S. subconica Friv. ve S. tenuiflora Guss. türleri morfolojik, anatomik ve karyolojik olarak incelenmiş ve aralarındaki farklar ortaya konmuştur. Morfolojik incelemelerde; S. italica (seksiyon Siphonomorpha) petallerinin beyaz renkte olması ve çiçek durumunun gevşek geniş panikula şeklinde olması nedeniyle diğer 4 türden ayrılır. Conomorpha seksiyonuna dahil olan S. conica, S. lydia ve S. subconica kaliks, kapsül, antofor ve petal özellikleri bakımından birbirinden ayrılmaktadır. S. lydia, bitki genelinde yoğun örtü tüyleri içermektedir. S. tenuiflora (seksiyon Behenantha)’da tüyler sadece alt yaprakların her iki yüzeyinde ve gövdenin alt kısımlarında bulunur. Üst kısımlarda tüy bulunmaz. Anatomik incelemelerde; S. italica’nın gövde öz bölgesinde gözlenen öz boşluğuna diğer türlerde rastlanmaz. S. conica, S. italica, S. lydia, ve S. subconica’nın mezofili ekvifasiyal olmasına rağmen, S. tenuiflora’nın yaprak mezofil tipi bifasiyaldir. Druz kristalleri S. conica, S. lydia ve S. subconica’da gövde endodermisinde, S. italica’da gövde öz parankimasındadır. S. tenuiflora ise gövdesinde kristal içermez. İncelenen tüm örneklerin yapraklarında mezofil dokusuna dağılmış durumda druz kristali vardır. Kristaller S. lydia’da iletim demeti çevresinde, demet kını hücrelerinde de bulunur. İncelenen türlerin 2C DNA miktarları; S. conica = 5.59 pg, S. italica = 5.67 pg, S. lydia = 9.39 pg, S. subconica = 6.94 pg ve S. tenuiflora = 8.54 pg’dır.

References

  • Coode, M.J.E., Cullen J. (1967). Silene L. In P.H. Davis, (Ed.), Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Vol. 2, pp. 179-242). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Güner, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim, T., Baser, K.H.C. (Eds.) (2000). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Vol.11). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Greuter, W. (1995). Silene (Caryophyllaceae) in Greece: a subgeneric and sectional classification. Taxon, 44(4), 543-581.
  • Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M., Webb, D.A. (1964) (Eds). Flora Europaea (Vol. 1, pp. 158-181). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Davis, P.H., Mill, R.R., Tan, K. (Eds.) (1988). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Vol. 10, pp. 76-81). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M., Babaç, M.T., (Edlr.) (2012). Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). İstanbul: Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını.
  • Boissier, E. (1867). Flora Orientalis (Vol.1). Geneva: H. Georg.
  • Rohrbach, P. (1868). Monographie der Gattung Silene. Leipzig: W. Engelman.
  • Williams, F.N. (1896). Revision of the Genus Silene Linn. The Journal of the Linnean Society of London Botany, 32, 1-196.
  • Yıldız, K. (2006). A morphologycal investigation on Silene L. (Caryophyllaceae) species distributed in West Anatolia and North Cyprus. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 38(1), 67-83.
  • Kılıç, S. (2009). Anatomical and pollen characters in the genus Silene L. (Caryophyllaceae) from Turkey. Botany Research Journal, 2 (2-4), 34-49.
  • Yıldız, K., Minareci, E. (2008). Morphological, anatomical, palynological and cytological investigation on Silene urvillei Schott. (Caryophyllaceae ). Journal of Applied Biological Sciences, 2(2), 41-46.
  • Şen, H., Bağcı, Y., Yılmaz Çıtak, B. (2014). Endemik Silene anatolica ve Silene lycaonica türlerinin morfolojik, anatomik ve ekolojik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 7(1), 47-60.
  • Armağan, M., Bülbül, A.S. (2017). The rediscovery of Silene surculosa Hub.-Mor. endemic for Turkey. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 10(1), 144-152.
  • Bennett, M.D., Leitch, I.J. (2012). Angiosperm DNA C-values database (release 8.0, Dec. 2012) http://www. Kew.org/cvalues/ (Erişim tarihi: 29.03.2019).
  • Dane, F., Dalgıç, G., Meriç, Ç. (2005). Karyological studies of five rare and endemic taxa distributed in European Turkey. Botanika Chronika, 18,17-28.
  • Heitz, E. (1926). Der Nachweis der Chromosomen, Vergleichende Studien über ihre zahl, grösse und form im Pflanzenreich I. Zeitschrift für Botanik, 18(11-12), 625-681.
  • Yıldız, K., Çırpıcı, A. (1996). Kuzeybatı Anadolu’da yayılış gösteren bazı Silene L. (Caryophyllaceae) taksonlarının polen morfolojisi. Turkish Journal of Botany, 20(3), 231-240. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1112-25
  • Petrova, A. (1995). Mediterranean chromosome number reports 5(415-434). Flora Mediterranea, 5, 279-288.
  • Dolja, P. (2008). Karyology of plants growing on serpentines in Bulgaria. Caryologia, 61(3), 237-244. https://doi: 10.1080/00087114.2008.10589635
  • Tekin, M., Meriç, Ç. (2013). Morphological and anatomical investigations on endemic Hyacinthella acutiloba in Turkey. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 6(1), 161-168.
  • Tuna, M., Vogel, K.P., Arumuganathan, K., Gill, K. (2001). DNA content and ploidy determination of bromegrass germplasm accessions by flow cytometry. Crop Science, 41(5), 1629-1634. https://doi:10.2135/cropsci2001. 4151629x
  • IPCN (2018). Index to Plant Chromosome Numbers. http://www.tropicos.org/NameSearch.aspx?projectid=9 (Erişim tarihi: 29.03.2019).
  • Siroky, J., Lysak, M.A., Dolezel, J., Kejnovsky, E., Vyskot, B. (2001). Heterogeneity of rDNA distribution and genome size in Silene spp. Chromosome Research, 9(5), 387-393.
  • Suda, J., Kyncl, T., Freiova, R. (2003). Nuclear DNA amounts in Macaronesian angiosperms. Annals of Botany, 92(1), 153-164. https://doi:10.1093/aob/mcg104
  • Meriç, Ç., Güler, N. (2013). Nuclear DNA content of an endemic species for Turkey: Silene sangaria. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 6(1), 88-92.
  • Siljak-Yakovlev, S., Pustahija, F., Solic, E.M., Bogunic, F., Muratovic, E., Basic, N., … Brown, S.C. (2010). Towards a genome size and chromosome number database of Balkan flora: C-values in 343 taxa with novel values for 242. Advanced Science Letters, 3(2), 190-213. https://doi:10.1166/asl.2010.1115
  • Temsch, E.M., Temsch, W., Ehrendorfer-Schratt, L., Greilhuber, J. 2010. Heavy metal pollution, selection, and genome size: The species of the Zerjav study revisited with flow cytometry. Journal of Botany, 11 p. Article ID 596542. https://doi:10.1155/2010/596542
  • Kubesova, M., Moravcova, L., Suda, J., Jarosik, V., Pysek, P. (2010). Naturalized plants have smaller genomes than their non-invading relatives: a flow cytometric analysis of the Czech alien flora. Preslia, 82, 81-96.
  • Polat, T., Bağcı, Y. (2015). Silene capillipes Boiss. & Heldr. (Caryophyllaceae)’in morfolojik, anatomik ve ekolojik özellikleri. Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Fen Dergisi, 41, 104-123.
  • Atasagun, B., Aksoy, A., Martin, E. (2016). Anatomical, palynological and karyological remarks of Silene brevicalyx and Silene ozyurtii (Caryophyllaceae). Phytotaxa, 270(2), 116–126. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.11646/phytotaxa. 270.2.4
  • Bağcı, Y., Biçer, H. (2015) Analysis of anatomical and morphological characters of the Silene cappadocica Boiss. & Heldr. and Silene spergulifolia Bieb. (Caryophyllaceae) species. Scientific Papers Series B, Horticulture LIX: 293–302.
  • Kılıç, S., Özçelik, H. (2008). Türkiye’nin Silene L. cinsi (Caryophyllaceae) Brachypodae (Boiss.) Chowdhuri seksiyonuna ait taksonların polen morfolojisi ve anatomisi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Fen Dergisi, 31, 9-19.
  • Kartal, C. (2016). Calcium oxalate crystals in some species of the tribe Cardueae (Asteraceae). Botanical Sciences, 94(1), 107-119. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.259
  • Lersten N.R., Horner H.T. 2000. Calcium oxalate crystals types and trends in their distribution patterns in leaves of Prunus (Rosaceae: Prunoideae). Plant Systematics and Evolution, 224, 83-96.

The morphological, anatomical and karyological studies on some species of Silene L. growing in Edirne/Turkey

Year 2019, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 167 - 180, 15.04.2019

Abstract

In this study, Silene L. genus belonging to Caryophyllaceae family, Silene conica L., S. italica (L.) Pers., S. lydia Boiss., S. subconica Friv. and S. tenuiflora Guss. species (Behenantha Otth, Conomorpha Otth and Siphonomorpha Otth sections), were examined morphologically, anatomically and karyologically and differences between them were revealed. Morphological studies show that; S. italica (section Siphonomorpha) is distinguished from 4 other species due to the fact that the petals are white and the flower condition is loose wide panicula. S. conica, S. lydia and S. subconica, which are included in Conomorpha section, are separated from each other in terms of calyx, capsule, anthophore and petal characteristics. S. lydia contains dense nonglandular trichomes throughout the plant. In S. tenuiflora (section Behenantha), the trichomes are found only on both surfaces of the lower leaves and in the lower parts of the body. There are no trichomes in the upper part. In anatomical studies; S. italica has a cavity in its stem pith, which is not visible in other species. Although the leaf mesophyll type of S. conica, S. italica, S. lydia, and S. subconica are equifacial, S. tenuiflora is bifacial. Druse crystals are in stem endoderm in S. conica, S. lydia and S. subconica, stem pith parenchyma in S. italica. S. tenuiflora does not contain crystals in its stem. All the specimens examined have druse crystals in the leaves scattered throughout the mesophyll tissue. These crystals are also present in the bundle sheath cells around the vascular bundles of the S. lydia. 2C DNA amounts of examined species; S. conica = 5.59 pg, S. italica = 5.67 pg, S. lydia = 9.39 pg, S. subconica = 6.94 pg and S. tenuiflora = 8.54 pg.

References

  • Coode, M.J.E., Cullen J. (1967). Silene L. In P.H. Davis, (Ed.), Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Vol. 2, pp. 179-242). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Güner, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim, T., Baser, K.H.C. (Eds.) (2000). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Vol.11). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Greuter, W. (1995). Silene (Caryophyllaceae) in Greece: a subgeneric and sectional classification. Taxon, 44(4), 543-581.
  • Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M., Webb, D.A. (1964) (Eds). Flora Europaea (Vol. 1, pp. 158-181). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Davis, P.H., Mill, R.R., Tan, K. (Eds.) (1988). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Vol. 10, pp. 76-81). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M., Babaç, M.T., (Edlr.) (2012). Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). İstanbul: Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını.
  • Boissier, E. (1867). Flora Orientalis (Vol.1). Geneva: H. Georg.
  • Rohrbach, P. (1868). Monographie der Gattung Silene. Leipzig: W. Engelman.
  • Williams, F.N. (1896). Revision of the Genus Silene Linn. The Journal of the Linnean Society of London Botany, 32, 1-196.
  • Yıldız, K. (2006). A morphologycal investigation on Silene L. (Caryophyllaceae) species distributed in West Anatolia and North Cyprus. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 38(1), 67-83.
  • Kılıç, S. (2009). Anatomical and pollen characters in the genus Silene L. (Caryophyllaceae) from Turkey. Botany Research Journal, 2 (2-4), 34-49.
  • Yıldız, K., Minareci, E. (2008). Morphological, anatomical, palynological and cytological investigation on Silene urvillei Schott. (Caryophyllaceae ). Journal of Applied Biological Sciences, 2(2), 41-46.
  • Şen, H., Bağcı, Y., Yılmaz Çıtak, B. (2014). Endemik Silene anatolica ve Silene lycaonica türlerinin morfolojik, anatomik ve ekolojik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 7(1), 47-60.
  • Armağan, M., Bülbül, A.S. (2017). The rediscovery of Silene surculosa Hub.-Mor. endemic for Turkey. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 10(1), 144-152.
  • Bennett, M.D., Leitch, I.J. (2012). Angiosperm DNA C-values database (release 8.0, Dec. 2012) http://www. Kew.org/cvalues/ (Erişim tarihi: 29.03.2019).
  • Dane, F., Dalgıç, G., Meriç, Ç. (2005). Karyological studies of five rare and endemic taxa distributed in European Turkey. Botanika Chronika, 18,17-28.
  • Heitz, E. (1926). Der Nachweis der Chromosomen, Vergleichende Studien über ihre zahl, grösse und form im Pflanzenreich I. Zeitschrift für Botanik, 18(11-12), 625-681.
  • Yıldız, K., Çırpıcı, A. (1996). Kuzeybatı Anadolu’da yayılış gösteren bazı Silene L. (Caryophyllaceae) taksonlarının polen morfolojisi. Turkish Journal of Botany, 20(3), 231-240. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1112-25
  • Petrova, A. (1995). Mediterranean chromosome number reports 5(415-434). Flora Mediterranea, 5, 279-288.
  • Dolja, P. (2008). Karyology of plants growing on serpentines in Bulgaria. Caryologia, 61(3), 237-244. https://doi: 10.1080/00087114.2008.10589635
  • Tekin, M., Meriç, Ç. (2013). Morphological and anatomical investigations on endemic Hyacinthella acutiloba in Turkey. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 6(1), 161-168.
  • Tuna, M., Vogel, K.P., Arumuganathan, K., Gill, K. (2001). DNA content and ploidy determination of bromegrass germplasm accessions by flow cytometry. Crop Science, 41(5), 1629-1634. https://doi:10.2135/cropsci2001. 4151629x
  • IPCN (2018). Index to Plant Chromosome Numbers. http://www.tropicos.org/NameSearch.aspx?projectid=9 (Erişim tarihi: 29.03.2019).
  • Siroky, J., Lysak, M.A., Dolezel, J., Kejnovsky, E., Vyskot, B. (2001). Heterogeneity of rDNA distribution and genome size in Silene spp. Chromosome Research, 9(5), 387-393.
  • Suda, J., Kyncl, T., Freiova, R. (2003). Nuclear DNA amounts in Macaronesian angiosperms. Annals of Botany, 92(1), 153-164. https://doi:10.1093/aob/mcg104
  • Meriç, Ç., Güler, N. (2013). Nuclear DNA content of an endemic species for Turkey: Silene sangaria. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 6(1), 88-92.
  • Siljak-Yakovlev, S., Pustahija, F., Solic, E.M., Bogunic, F., Muratovic, E., Basic, N., … Brown, S.C. (2010). Towards a genome size and chromosome number database of Balkan flora: C-values in 343 taxa with novel values for 242. Advanced Science Letters, 3(2), 190-213. https://doi:10.1166/asl.2010.1115
  • Temsch, E.M., Temsch, W., Ehrendorfer-Schratt, L., Greilhuber, J. 2010. Heavy metal pollution, selection, and genome size: The species of the Zerjav study revisited with flow cytometry. Journal of Botany, 11 p. Article ID 596542. https://doi:10.1155/2010/596542
  • Kubesova, M., Moravcova, L., Suda, J., Jarosik, V., Pysek, P. (2010). Naturalized plants have smaller genomes than their non-invading relatives: a flow cytometric analysis of the Czech alien flora. Preslia, 82, 81-96.
  • Polat, T., Bağcı, Y. (2015). Silene capillipes Boiss. & Heldr. (Caryophyllaceae)’in morfolojik, anatomik ve ekolojik özellikleri. Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Fen Dergisi, 41, 104-123.
  • Atasagun, B., Aksoy, A., Martin, E. (2016). Anatomical, palynological and karyological remarks of Silene brevicalyx and Silene ozyurtii (Caryophyllaceae). Phytotaxa, 270(2), 116–126. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.11646/phytotaxa. 270.2.4
  • Bağcı, Y., Biçer, H. (2015) Analysis of anatomical and morphological characters of the Silene cappadocica Boiss. & Heldr. and Silene spergulifolia Bieb. (Caryophyllaceae) species. Scientific Papers Series B, Horticulture LIX: 293–302.
  • Kılıç, S., Özçelik, H. (2008). Türkiye’nin Silene L. cinsi (Caryophyllaceae) Brachypodae (Boiss.) Chowdhuri seksiyonuna ait taksonların polen morfolojisi ve anatomisi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Fen Dergisi, 31, 9-19.
  • Kartal, C. (2016). Calcium oxalate crystals in some species of the tribe Cardueae (Asteraceae). Botanical Sciences, 94(1), 107-119. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.259
  • Lersten N.R., Horner H.T. 2000. Calcium oxalate crystals types and trends in their distribution patterns in leaves of Prunus (Rosaceae: Prunoideae). Plant Systematics and Evolution, 224, 83-96.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Conservation and Biodiversity
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Asude Soykan Kırbaş This is me 0000-0002-9741-3199

Çiler Kartal

Publication Date April 15, 2019
Submission Date November 23, 2018
Acceptance Date April 15, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 12 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Soykan Kırbaş, A., & Kartal, Ç. (2019). Edirne çevresinde yetişen bazı Silene L. türleri üzerinde morfolojik, anatomik ve karyolojik araştırmalar. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 12(1), 167-180.

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