Comparative anatomy of flowering and sterile shoot leaf of Hedera helix L. (Araliaceae)

Year 2022, Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 22 - 29, 15.04.2022

Mert Ilhan Muhammed Mesud Hürkul

https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2022.992754

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Hedera helix L. is a medicinal plant and belongs to the Araliaceae family. Flowering shoots of the plant have elliptic-cordate and sterile shoots have palmately lobed leaves. Plant material was collected from Hacıkadın valley (Ankara-Turkey). The anatomical features of leaf and petiole were examined comparatively in this study. The results showed that both leaf types were dorsiventral. Single layer epidermis is covered by thick cuticle. The palisade parenchyma cell is oval-shaped in the flowering shoot mesophyll, also is elongated in the sterile shoots. In both leaf types, stomata are located in the lower epidermis. Flowering shoot leaf is covered with tufted hairs, sterile shoot leaf stellate hairs. The midrib of the leaves have a similar structure. Collenchyma tissue is located underside the upper and lower epidermal layers in the midrib. The vascular bundles are arc-form and tends to a ring-form. The sclerenchymatous tissue surrounds the vascular bundles and secretory canals are located in the adaxial side of the bundles. The leaves contain abundant druse crystals and starch grains. Petiole anatomy is similar in both leaf types. Unlike leaves, petioles are covered with stellate hairs, do not contain tufted-type. The collenchymatous tissue is located bottom the epidermal layer. The vascular bundles are embedded in the parenchymatous tissue and secretory canals are located on the adaxial side of petiole. Both petioles contain numerous druse crystals and starch grains.

Keywords

Hedera helix, Araliaceae, flowering shoot, sterile shoot, plant anatomy, Turkey

Hedera helix L. (Araliaceae)’in çiçekli ve çiçeksiz sürgün yapraklarının anatomik olarak karşılaştırılması

Abstract

Hedera helix L. Araliaceae familyasına ait tıbbi bir bitkidir. Bitkinin çiçekli sürgünleri eliptik-kordat ve çiçeksiz sürgünleri ise palmat yapraklara sahiptir. Bitki materyali Hacıkadın vadisinden (Ankara-Türkiye) toplanmıştır. Bu çalışmada yaprak ve yaprak sapının anatomik özellikleri karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. İncelemelere göre, her iki yaprak tipinin de dorsiventral olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Tek tabakalı epiderma kalın kütikula ile kaplıdır. Çiçekli sürgünde palizat parankima hücreleri oval yapıda iken, çiçeksiz sürgünlerde uzamıştır. Her iki yaprak tipinde de stoma alt epidermada yer alır. Çiçekli sürgün yaprağı demet tüylerle kaplıdır, çiçeksiz sürgün yaprakları ise yıldız tüyler taşır. Yaprakların orta damarları benzer yapıya sahiptir. Kollenkima dokusu orta damarda alt ve üst epidermanın alt tarafında bulunmaktadır. İletim demetleri yay formunda ve halkalı yapıya yatkın bir şekildedir. Sklerenkima dokusu iletim demetini çevrelemektedir ve salgı kanalları iletim demetinin eksene bakan tarafındadır. Yapraklar bolca druz kristali ve nişasta taneleri bulundurmaktadır. Yaprak sapı anatomisi her iki yaprakta da benzerdir. Yaprakların aksine yaprak sapları yıldız tüylerle kaplıdır ve demet tüy bulundurmaz. Kollenkima dokusu epidermanın alt kısmındadır. İletim demetleri parankima dokusuna gömülüdür ve salgı kanalları yaprak sapının eksene bakan tarafındadır. Her iki yaprak sapı tipi de bolca druz kristali ve nişasta tanesi bulundurmaktadır.

Keywords

Hedera helix, Araliaceae, çiçekli sürgün, çiçeksiz sürgün, bitki anatomisi, Türkiye

References

• Chamberlain, D.F. (1972). Hedera L. In P.H. Davis (Eds.), Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Vol. 4, pp. 538-539). Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press.
• Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M., & Babaç, M.T. (2012). Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). İstanbul: Nezahat Gökyigit Botanik Bahçesi Yayınları, Flora Dizisi I.
• POWO. (2021). Plants of the World Online. Retrieved from http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org (accessed on 12 March 2021).
• IPNI. (2021). International Plant Names Index. Retrieved from http://www.ipni.org (accessed on 12 March 2021).
• Blumenthal, M., Goldberg, A., & Brinckmann, J. (2000). Herbal Medicine. Expanded Commission E Monographs. Integrative Medicine Communications, Newton.
• Machran, G.H., Hilal, S.H., & El-Alfy, T.S. (1975). The isolation and characterisation of emetine alkaloid from Hedera helix. Planta Medica, 27(2), 127-132. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1097773
• Trute, A., Gross, J., Mutschler, E., & Nahrstedt, A. (1997). In vitro antispasmodic compounds of the dry extract obtained from Hedera helix. Planta Medica, 63(02), 125-129. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-957627
• Bedir, E., Kirmizipekmez, H., Sticher, O., & Calis I. (2000). Triterpene saponins from the fruits of Hedera helix. Phytochemistry, 53(8), 905-909. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00503-8
• Julien, J., Gasquet, M., Maillard, C., Balansard, G., & Timon-David, P. (1985). Extracts of the ivy plant, Hedera helix, and their anthelminthic activity on liver flukes. Planta Medica, 51(03), 205-208. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-969457
• Lutsenko, Y., Bylka, W., Matlawska, I., & Darmohray, R. (2010). Hedera helix as a medicinal plant. Herba Polonica, 56(1), 83-96.
• Süleyman, H., Mshvildadze, V., Gepdiremen, A., & Elias, R. (2003). Acute and chronic anti inflammatory profile of the ivy plant, Hedera helix, in rats. Phytomedicine, 10(5), 370-374. https://doi.org/10.1078/0944-7113-00260
• Gülçin, I., Mshvildadze, V., Gepdiremen, A., & Elias R. (2004). Antioxidant activity of saponins isolated from ivy: alpha-hederin, hederasaponin-C, hederacolchiside-E and hederacolchiside-F. Planta Medica, 70(6), 561-563. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-827158
• Alamgir, A.N.M. (2017). Pharmacognostical Botany: Classification of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs), botanical taxonomy, morphology, and anatomy of drug plants. In K.D. Rainsford. Therapeutic Use of Medicinal Plants and Their Extracts (Vol. 1, pp. 177-293). Cham, Springer International Publishing AG.
• Çelebioğlu, S., & Baytop, T. (1949). A new reagent for microscopical investigation of plant. Publication of the Instute of Pharmacognosy, 10(19), 301.
• Ashby, E. (1948). Studies in the morphogenesis of leaves: I. An essay on leaf shape. New Phytologist, 47(2), 153-176. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1948.tb05098.x
• Murray, J.R., & Hackett, W.P. (1991). Dihydroflavonol reductase activity in relation to differential anthocyanin accumulation in juvenile and mature phase Hedera helix L. Plant Physiology, 97(1), 343-351. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.97.1.343
• Hackett, W.P. (1992). Use of juvenile & mature phases of Hedera helix to study flowering competence. Flowering Newsletter, 14, 21-24. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1988.227.21
• Kerstetter, R.A., & Poethig, R.S. (1998). The specification of leaf identity during shoot development. Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, 14(1), 373-398. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cellbio.14.1.373
• Bunk, K., Krassovitski, S., Speck, T., & Masselter, T. (2019). Branching morphology and biomechanics of ivy (Hedera helix) stem‐branch attachments. American Journal of Botany, 106(9), 1143-1155. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1341
• Savulescu, E., & Luchian, V. (2009). Comparative anatomy of the vegetative organs of the Hedera helix L. (Araliaceae). Scientific Papers, 52, 487-490.
• Metcalfe, C.R., & Chalk, L. (1965). Anatomy of Dicotyledones. Vol. 2, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
• Petra, S.A., Georgescu, M.I., Manescu, C.R., Toma, F., Badea, M.L., & Dobrescu, E. (2020). Leaves anatomical and physiological adaptations of Vinca major ‘Variegata’ and Hedera helix L. to specific roof garden conditions. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 48(1), 318-328. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha48111784
• Amini, E., Nasrollahi, F., Sattarian, A., Haji Moradkhani, M., Habibi, M., & Boozarpour, S. (2019). Morphological and anatomical study of the genus Hedera in Iran. Rostaniha,, 20(2), 144-157. https://doi.org/10.22092/BOTANY.2019.127705.1171
• Lum, C., & Maze, J. (1989). A multivariate analysis of the trichomes of Hedera L. Watsonia, 17(4), 409-418.
• İşcan, G., Köse, Y.B., & Demirci, F. (2019). Bitkisel Drogların Makroskobik ve Mikroskobik Özellikleri. Antalya: Antalya Eczacı Odası Akademisi Yayınları.
• Konyar, S.T., Öztürk, N., & Dane, F. (2014). Occurrence, types and distribution of calcium oxalate crystals in leaves and stems of some species of poisonous plants. Botanical Studies, 55(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1999-3110-55-32
• Mourad, M.M. (2013). Petiolar vasculariztion of simple, lobed and compound leaves in certain taxa of the Araliaceae and its taxonomic implications. The Egyptian Journal of Experimental Biology (Botany), 9(2), 239-248.
• Hürkul, M.M., Yayla, Ş. (2021). Leaf anatomy of Quercus macranthera subsp. syspirensis (K. Koch) Menitsky. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 14(3), 405-410. https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2021.971985