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The relationship between protein yield, yield components and nutrient contents of Wild Rocket

Year 2022, Volume: 15 Issue: 3, 377 - 384, 15.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2022.1181804

Abstract

The wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC), which has adapted to changing climate conditions, uses vegetables, oil, medicinal, and forage crops. Furthermore, the species is one of the plants that are benefited from soil and water conservation by rapidly developing vegetation in areas with water erosion having botanical properties. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the characteristics related to the yield to the practical plant breeding in plants providing sustainable agriculture in a rapidly changing climate. For this reason, in this research, the wild rocket was grown for use as a fodder crop at three-row spacing according to Randomized Complete Block Design with three replication during 2015-2016 in Konya conditions. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between crude protein, yield, protein yield, botanical properties, and nutrient content of plants grown in different row spacing in 2016. 30 cm and 40 cm row spacing, 1.82 g, and 1.96 g, respectively, had the maximum protein yield per plant; these values were statistically in the same group. In research, we obtained the highest protein yield from 30 cm row spacing with 404.42 kg ha-1. Moreover, the protein yield per plant of wild rocket grown at different row spacing individually explained 37% of the protein yield’s variation as the result of the path model clarifying the relationship between traits investigated in the search. Also, the plant fodder yield per plant, plant height, and crude protein explained 97.6% of the protein yield’s variation. Consequently, 30 cm and 40 cm row spacing are suggested in farming for obtaining roughage with high protein yield. However, we can state that the plant fodder yield per plant, plant height, canopy diameter and crude protein should be considered as selection criteria for the selection of types for developed forage crops.

References

  • [1]Erik, S. (2012). Çok yönlü ruderal bir tur: Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L) DC. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi, 4(1), 27–36.
  • [2]Levine, J. M., Adler, P.B., & Yelenik, S. G. (2004). A meta-analysis of biotic resistance to exotic plant invasions. Ecology letters, 7(10), 975–989.
  • [3] Acar, R., Koç, N., & Sumiahadi, A. (2019). Investigation of yield, yield components and nutrient contents of wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC.). Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 12(23), 1-6.
  • [4] Yıldırım, B., Dural, H., & Çıtak, B. Y. (2021). Morphological, anatomical, palynological, and micromorphological study on Diplotaxis tenuifolia (Brassicaceae). Biyolojik Çeşitlilik ve Koruma, 14(3), 365-371.
  • [5]Koç, N., & Acar, R. (2017). Yabani roka (Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) Dc.) ile ilgili Konya şartlarında yapılan çalışmalar. 12. Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı, 12-15 Eylül 2017, Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye, s: 184-188.
  • [6]Catanese, F., Fernández, P., Villalba, J. J., & Distel, R. A. (2016). The physiological consequences of ingesting a toxic plant (Diplotaxis tenuifolia) influence subsequent foraging decisions by sheep (Ovis aries). Physiology & behavior, 167, 238-247.
  • [7] Tomas-Barberan, F., Allende, A., Truchado, P., Bortolotti, L., Sabatini, A., Simuth, J. & Bilikova, K. (2009). Phytochemicals as markers of the floral origin of honey. 41st Congress of Apimondia, September 15-20, Montpellier, France.
  • [8] Acar, R., Coşkun, B., Özcan, M.M., Özcan, C., Özköse, A. & Koç, N. (2015). The importance and agricutural usage of wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC). In: Proceeding of International Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Enviroment (2nd ICSAE), September 30 - October 3. Konya, Turkey, p: 829–833.
  • [9]Acar, R., Geçgel, Ü., Hamurcu, M., Coşkun, B., Koç, N. & Özcan, M.M. (2016). Some chemical properties, fatty acid composition and mineral contents of Diplotaxis tenuifolia seed and oil. Am. J. Essent. Oil. Nat. Prod., 4(2), 23–26.
  • [10] Nicoletti, R., Raimo, F. & Miccio, G. (2007). Diplotaxis tenuifolia: biology, production and properties. Eur J Plant Sci Biotech, 1(1), 36–43.
  • [11] Caruso, G., Parrella, G., Giorgini, M. & Nicoletti, R. (2018). Crop systems, quality and protection of Diplotaxis tenuifolia. Agriculture, 8(55), 1–19.
  • [12] Hall, M., Jobling, J., Rogers, G. (2012). Some perspectives on the rocket as a vegetable crop: a review. Vegetable Crops Research Bulletin, 76(1), 21–41.
  • [13] Durazzo, A., Azzini, E., Lazzè, M.C., Raguzzini, A., Pizzala, R. & Maiani, G. (2013). Italian wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC.): influence of agricultural practices on antioxidant molecules and on cytotoxicity and antiproliferative effects. Agriculture, 3(2), 285–29.
  • [14] Kenigsbuch, D., Ovadia, A., Shahar-Ivanova, Y., Chalupowicz, D. & Maurer, D. (2014). “Rock-Ad”, a new wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia) mutant with late flowering and delayed post harvest senescence. Sci Hortic, 174, 17–23.
  • [15] Darlison, J., Mogren, L., Rosberg, A. K., Grudén, M., Minet, A., Liné, C., ... & Alsanius, B. W. (2019). Leaf mineral content govern microbial community structure in the phyllosphere of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia). Science of the total environment, 675, 501-512.
  • [16] Spadafora, N. D., Amaro, A. L., Pereira, M. J., Müller, C. T., Pintado, M., & Rogers, H. J. (2016). Multi-trait analysis of post-harvest storage in rocket salad (Diplotaxis tenuifolia) links sensorial, volatile and nutritional data. Food Chemistry, 211, 114-123.
  • [17] Janmohammadi, M., Sabaghnia, N., & Nouraein, M. (2014). Path analysis of grain yield and yield components and some agronomic traits in bread wheat. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 62(5), 945-952.
  • [18] USDA 2004, Soil survey laboratory methods manual, Soil survey investigations report, 42. https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcseprd1026807.pdf (06.10.2022).
  • [19] AACC, 2004, Approved methods of the American Association of Cereal Chemists (10th edn.). St. Paul, MN, USA.
  • [20]Freed, R., Einensmith, S.P., Guets , S., Reicosky, D., Smail, V.W. & Wolberg, P. (1989). User’s guide to MSTAT-C analysis of agronomic research experiments. Michigan State University, USA.
  • [21] Ho, R. (2013). Handbook of univariate and multivariate data analysis with IBM SPSS. CRC press.
  • [22] Example of very simple path analysis via regression (with correlation matrix input). (2021). https://psych.unl.edu/psycrs/971/pathanalysis/path1ex.pdf (26.10.2021).
  • [23] Bozokalfa, M.K., Yagmur, B., Ilbi, H., Esiyok, D. & Kavak, S. (2009). Genetic variability for the mineral concentration of Eruca sativa L. and Diplotaxis tenuifolia L. accessions. Crop Breed Appl Biotechnol, 9(4), 372–38.
  • [24]Adeagbo, A. I., Bolaji, K. A., & Odoje, O. F. (2013). Nutritive potentials of Allium cepa and Diplotaxis tenufolia vegetable leaf protein concentrates. Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 3, 211-214.
  • [25]Caruso, G., El-Nakhel, C., Rouphael, Y., Comite, E., Lombardi, N., Cuciniello, A., & Woo, S. L. (2020). Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC. yield and quality as influenced by cropping season, protein hydrolysates, and Trichoderma applications. Plants, 9(6), 697.
  • [26] Mohammadi S. A., Prasanna, B. M. & Singh, N. N. (2003). Sequential path model for determining ınterrelationships among grain yield and related characters in maize. Crop Sci. 43, 1690–169
  • [27] Begum, S., Srinivas, B., Reddy, V.R. & Kumari, C.A. (2021), Multiple regression, correlation and path analysis of gall midge ıncidence, yield and yield components in rice (Oryza sativa L.) Hybrids. Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology 40(2): 33-45.
  • [28]Gürbüz, A., Türkan, A. D., Soydaş, S., & Aydın, N. (2004). Nohutta korelasyon ve path analizi. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10(1-2),1-8.
  • [29]Chahal, G. & Gosal, S. (2002). Principles and procedures of plant breeding: Biotechnological and conventional approaches. Alpha Science Int’l Ltd.
  • [30]Semagn, K., Bjørnstad, Å. & Xu, Y. (2010). The genetic dissection of quantitative traits in crops. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, 13(5), 16-7.

Yabani Rokanın protein verimi ve verim unsurları ile besin element içerikleri arasındaki ilişkiler

Year 2022, Volume: 15 Issue: 3, 377 - 384, 15.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2022.1181804

Abstract

Günümüzde değişen iklim şartlarına adapte olabilecek potansiyele sahip olan yabani rokanın (D. tenuifolia (L.) DC), sebze, tıbbi bitki, yağ bitkisi, yem bitkisi olarak kullanımı söz konusudur. Ayrıca sahip olduğu bitkisel özellikleri ile su erozyonu olan bölgelerde hızlı bitki örtüsü geliştirerek toprak ve su korumasında faydalanabileceğimiz bitki türlerindendir. Hızla değişen iklim şartlarında, sürdürülebilir bir tarımı sağlayabilecek bitkilerin ıslahının daha kısa sürede yapılabilmesi için verim ile arasında ilişki bulunan özelliklerin tespit edilmesi gerekir. Bu sebeple, bu çalışmada 2015-2016 yıllarında Konya şartlarında Tesadüf Blokları Deneme Desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak üç farklı sıra arlığında yabani roka yem bitkisi olarak kullanım amacıyla yetiştirilmiştir. Araştırmamızda, farklı sıra aralığında yetiştirilen bitkilerin 2016 yılındaki ham protein oranı, verimi ve protein verimi ile bitkisel özellikler ve besin elementleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada bitki başına en yüksek protein verimi, 30 ve 40 cm sıra aralığından sırasıyla 1.82 g ve 1.96 g olup istatistiki olarak bu değerler aynı grupta yer almaktadır. Araştırmada en yüksek protein verimi 30 cm sıra aralığında 404.42 kg ha-1 elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca, çalışmada incelenen özellikler arasındaki ilişkiyi açıklamak amacıyla yapılan path model sonucuna göre, farklı sıra aralığında yetiştirilen yabani rokaların bitki başına protein verimi, protein verimi varyasyonun % 37’si tek başına açıklamaktadır. Dahası, bitki başına yem verimi, bitki boyu ve ham protein oranı birlikte bitki başına protein verimi varyasyonun % 97.6’sını açıklamaktadır. Sonuç olarak, yüksek protein verimine sahip kaba yem elde etmek amacıyla yapılacak yetiştiriciliklerde 30 cm ve 40 cm sıra aralığı tavsiye edilebilir. Bununla birlikte, yem bitkisi amacı ile geliştirilecek tiplerin seçiminde ise kriter olarak bitki başına yem verimi, bitki boyu, kanopi çapı ve ham protein oranı özellikleri üzerinde durulması gerektiğini ifade edebiliriz.

References

  • [1]Erik, S. (2012). Çok yönlü ruderal bir tur: Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L) DC. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi, 4(1), 27–36.
  • [2]Levine, J. M., Adler, P.B., & Yelenik, S. G. (2004). A meta-analysis of biotic resistance to exotic plant invasions. Ecology letters, 7(10), 975–989.
  • [3] Acar, R., Koç, N., & Sumiahadi, A. (2019). Investigation of yield, yield components and nutrient contents of wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC.). Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 12(23), 1-6.
  • [4] Yıldırım, B., Dural, H., & Çıtak, B. Y. (2021). Morphological, anatomical, palynological, and micromorphological study on Diplotaxis tenuifolia (Brassicaceae). Biyolojik Çeşitlilik ve Koruma, 14(3), 365-371.
  • [5]Koç, N., & Acar, R. (2017). Yabani roka (Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) Dc.) ile ilgili Konya şartlarında yapılan çalışmalar. 12. Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı, 12-15 Eylül 2017, Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye, s: 184-188.
  • [6]Catanese, F., Fernández, P., Villalba, J. J., & Distel, R. A. (2016). The physiological consequences of ingesting a toxic plant (Diplotaxis tenuifolia) influence subsequent foraging decisions by sheep (Ovis aries). Physiology & behavior, 167, 238-247.
  • [7] Tomas-Barberan, F., Allende, A., Truchado, P., Bortolotti, L., Sabatini, A., Simuth, J. & Bilikova, K. (2009). Phytochemicals as markers of the floral origin of honey. 41st Congress of Apimondia, September 15-20, Montpellier, France.
  • [8] Acar, R., Coşkun, B., Özcan, M.M., Özcan, C., Özköse, A. & Koç, N. (2015). The importance and agricutural usage of wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC). In: Proceeding of International Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Enviroment (2nd ICSAE), September 30 - October 3. Konya, Turkey, p: 829–833.
  • [9]Acar, R., Geçgel, Ü., Hamurcu, M., Coşkun, B., Koç, N. & Özcan, M.M. (2016). Some chemical properties, fatty acid composition and mineral contents of Diplotaxis tenuifolia seed and oil. Am. J. Essent. Oil. Nat. Prod., 4(2), 23–26.
  • [10] Nicoletti, R., Raimo, F. & Miccio, G. (2007). Diplotaxis tenuifolia: biology, production and properties. Eur J Plant Sci Biotech, 1(1), 36–43.
  • [11] Caruso, G., Parrella, G., Giorgini, M. & Nicoletti, R. (2018). Crop systems, quality and protection of Diplotaxis tenuifolia. Agriculture, 8(55), 1–19.
  • [12] Hall, M., Jobling, J., Rogers, G. (2012). Some perspectives on the rocket as a vegetable crop: a review. Vegetable Crops Research Bulletin, 76(1), 21–41.
  • [13] Durazzo, A., Azzini, E., Lazzè, M.C., Raguzzini, A., Pizzala, R. & Maiani, G. (2013). Italian wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC.): influence of agricultural practices on antioxidant molecules and on cytotoxicity and antiproliferative effects. Agriculture, 3(2), 285–29.
  • [14] Kenigsbuch, D., Ovadia, A., Shahar-Ivanova, Y., Chalupowicz, D. & Maurer, D. (2014). “Rock-Ad”, a new wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia) mutant with late flowering and delayed post harvest senescence. Sci Hortic, 174, 17–23.
  • [15] Darlison, J., Mogren, L., Rosberg, A. K., Grudén, M., Minet, A., Liné, C., ... & Alsanius, B. W. (2019). Leaf mineral content govern microbial community structure in the phyllosphere of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia). Science of the total environment, 675, 501-512.
  • [16] Spadafora, N. D., Amaro, A. L., Pereira, M. J., Müller, C. T., Pintado, M., & Rogers, H. J. (2016). Multi-trait analysis of post-harvest storage in rocket salad (Diplotaxis tenuifolia) links sensorial, volatile and nutritional data. Food Chemistry, 211, 114-123.
  • [17] Janmohammadi, M., Sabaghnia, N., & Nouraein, M. (2014). Path analysis of grain yield and yield components and some agronomic traits in bread wheat. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 62(5), 945-952.
  • [18] USDA 2004, Soil survey laboratory methods manual, Soil survey investigations report, 42. https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcseprd1026807.pdf (06.10.2022).
  • [19] AACC, 2004, Approved methods of the American Association of Cereal Chemists (10th edn.). St. Paul, MN, USA.
  • [20]Freed, R., Einensmith, S.P., Guets , S., Reicosky, D., Smail, V.W. & Wolberg, P. (1989). User’s guide to MSTAT-C analysis of agronomic research experiments. Michigan State University, USA.
  • [21] Ho, R. (2013). Handbook of univariate and multivariate data analysis with IBM SPSS. CRC press.
  • [22] Example of very simple path analysis via regression (with correlation matrix input). (2021). https://psych.unl.edu/psycrs/971/pathanalysis/path1ex.pdf (26.10.2021).
  • [23] Bozokalfa, M.K., Yagmur, B., Ilbi, H., Esiyok, D. & Kavak, S. (2009). Genetic variability for the mineral concentration of Eruca sativa L. and Diplotaxis tenuifolia L. accessions. Crop Breed Appl Biotechnol, 9(4), 372–38.
  • [24]Adeagbo, A. I., Bolaji, K. A., & Odoje, O. F. (2013). Nutritive potentials of Allium cepa and Diplotaxis tenufolia vegetable leaf protein concentrates. Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 3, 211-214.
  • [25]Caruso, G., El-Nakhel, C., Rouphael, Y., Comite, E., Lombardi, N., Cuciniello, A., & Woo, S. L. (2020). Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC. yield and quality as influenced by cropping season, protein hydrolysates, and Trichoderma applications. Plants, 9(6), 697.
  • [26] Mohammadi S. A., Prasanna, B. M. & Singh, N. N. (2003). Sequential path model for determining ınterrelationships among grain yield and related characters in maize. Crop Sci. 43, 1690–169
  • [27] Begum, S., Srinivas, B., Reddy, V.R. & Kumari, C.A. (2021), Multiple regression, correlation and path analysis of gall midge ıncidence, yield and yield components in rice (Oryza sativa L.) Hybrids. Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology 40(2): 33-45.
  • [28]Gürbüz, A., Türkan, A. D., Soydaş, S., & Aydın, N. (2004). Nohutta korelasyon ve path analizi. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10(1-2),1-8.
  • [29]Chahal, G. & Gosal, S. (2002). Principles and procedures of plant breeding: Biotechnological and conventional approaches. Alpha Science Int’l Ltd.
  • [30]Semagn, K., Bjørnstad, Å. & Xu, Y. (2010). The genetic dissection of quantitative traits in crops. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, 13(5), 16-7.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Conservation and Biodiversity
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Nur Koç Koyun 0000-0002-3053-6127

Ayşegül Korkmaz 0000-0002-6745-5742

Ramazan Acar 0000-0002-3347-6537

Early Pub Date December 16, 2022
Publication Date December 15, 2022
Submission Date October 5, 2022
Acceptance Date December 15, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 15 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Koç Koyun, N., Korkmaz, A., & Acar, R. (2022). Yabani Rokanın protein verimi ve verim unsurları ile besin element içerikleri arasındaki ilişkiler. Biyolojik Çeşitlilik Ve Koruma, 15(3), 377-384. https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2022.1181804

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