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Elma Kabuğu Ekstresi Temelli Organik-İnorganik Nançiçek ile İçsel Peroksidaz Benzeri ve Antimikrobiyal Aktiviteler

Year 2025, Volume: 18 Issue: 3, 403 - 409
https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2025.1660959

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, flavonoid açısından zengin elma kabuğu özütü ve Cu2+ iyonlarının sırasıyla organik ve inorganik bileşenler olarak hareket ettiği hibrit organik-inorganik nanoçiçek (NF) sentezini geliştirdik.
Metod: Elma kabuğu özütü temelli NÇ'ler (Ek-NÇ'ler) peroksidaz benzeri ve antimikrobiyal aktiviteler gösterdi. Ek-NÇ'lerin morfolojiyi (boyut ve şekil) izlemek için Taramalı Elektron Mikroskopu (SEM), eğilme ve gerilme titreşimleri için Fourier Dönüşümlü Kızılötesi Spektroskopisi (FTIR) ve Ek-NÇ'lerin kristal yapısını açıklamak için X-ışını kırınımı (XRD) ile karakterize edildi.
Bulgular: Katalitik aktiviteler açısından, Ek-NÇ'ler hidrojen peroksit (H2O2) varlığında Fenton reaksiyonu yoluyla guaiacolün (2-metoksi fenol) 3,3-dimetoksi-4,4-difenokinona oksidasyonunu katalize etti. Hem Fenton reaksiyonundan hem de Ek-NÇ'lerin gözenekli morfolojisinden yararlanılarak, antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) ve Candida albicans (C. albicans)'a karşı test edildi.
Sonuç: Ek-NÇ'lerin H2O2 varlığında tüm mikroorganizmaların neredeyse %99'unu öldürerek büyük antimikrobiyal aktivite gösterdiğini belirtmekte fayda var. Sonuçlar oldukça ümit verici ve Ek-NÇ'lerin katalitik aktivite ve antimikrobiyal çalışmalar için ideal aday olabileceğini iddia ediyoruz.

Ethical Statement

Conflicts of interest: No Conflict of Interest. Funding: No Funding Received. Ethical statement: This study does not require ethical approval. Author contributions: All authors read and approved the final manuscript. This study was presented as an oral presentation at the conference titled ‘Elegans International Scientific Conference Series, First International Conference on Life Science’ and its abstract was published in the conference book.

Project Number

-

References

  • [1]. Chormey, D. S., Erarpat, S., Zaman, B. T., Özdoğan, N., Yağmuroğlu, O., & Bakırdere, S. (2023). Nanoflower synthesis, characterization and analytical applications: a review. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 21(3), 1863-1880. [2]. Baldemir, A., Köse, N. B., Ildız, N., İlgün, S., Yusufbeyoğlu, S., Yilmaz, V., & Ocsoy, I. (2017). Synthesis and characterization of green tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) extract and its major components-based nanoflowers: a new strategy to enhance antimicrobial activity. RSC advances, 7(70), 44303-44308.
  • [3]. Durbilmez, G. D., Bor, E., Dönmez, C., Geçili, F., Özdemir, N., & Çalişkan, U. K. (2019). Synthesis of hybrid nanoflowers with plant extracts traditionally utilized in skin problems and their activity profile. In I. International Aromatic Plants and Cosmetic Symposium (p. 45). [4]. Molina, G. A., Esparza, R., López-Miranda, J. L., Hernández-Martínez, A. R., España-Sánchez, B. L., Elizalde-Peña, E. A., & Estevez, M. (2019). Green synthesis of Ag nanoflowers using Kalanchoe Daigremontiana extract for enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial activities. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 180, 141-149.
  • [5]. Ge, J., Lei, J. & Zare, R. (2012). Protein–inorganic hybrid nanoflowers. Nature Nanotech, 7(7), 428-432. doi: 10.1038/nnano.2012.80.
  • [6]. Wang, L. B., Wang, Y. C., He, R., Zhuang, A., Wang, X., Zeng, J., & Hou, J. G. (2013). A new nanobiocatalytic system based on allosteric effect with dramatically enhanced enzymatic performance. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 135(4), 1272–1275. doi:10.1021/ja3120136.
  • [7]. Dadı, S., Ocsoy I., (2024). Role of pretty nanoflowers as novel versatile analytical tools for sensing in biomedical and bioanalytical applications. Smart Med, 3(1), e20230040. doi: 10.1002/SMMD.20230040.
  • [8]. Dadi, S., Temur, N., Gul, O. T., Yilmaz, V., & Ocsoy, I. (2023). In situ synthesis of horseradish peroxidase nanoflower@carbon nanotube hybrid nanobiocatalysts with greatly enhanced catalytic activity. Langmuir, 39(13), 4819–4828. doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00260
  • [9]. Gul, O. T., & Ocsoy, I. (2021). Co-Enzymes based nanoflowers incorporated-magnetic carbon nanotubes: A new generation nanocatalyst for superior removal of cationic and anionic dyes with great repeated use. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 24, 101992. doi: 10.1016/j.eti.2021.101992.
  • [10]. Yang, L., Zhang, X., Li, M., Qu, L., & Liu, Z. (2022). Acetylcholinesterase–Cu3(PO4)2 hybrid nanoflowers for electrochemical detection of dichlorvos using square-wave voltammetry. Analytical Methods, 14(39), 3911-3920. doi:10.1039/d2ay01014c.
  • [11]. Ocsoy, I., Dogru, E., & Usta, S. (2015). A new generation of flowerlike horseradish peroxides as a nanobiocatalyst for superior enzymatic activity. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 75, 25-29. doi: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.04.010
  • [12]. Gokturk, E., Ocsoy, I., Turac, E., & Sahmetlioglu, E. (2020). Horseradish peroxidase‐based hybrid nanoflowers with enhanced catalytical activities for polymerization reactions of phenol derivatives. Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 31(10), 2371-2377. doi: 10.1002/pat.4956.
  • [13]. Wu, Z. F., Wang, Z., Zhang, Y., Ma, Y. L., He, C. Y., Li, H., ... & Li, Z. Q. (2016). Amino acids-incorporated nanoflowers with an intrinsic peroxidase-like activity. Scientific reports, 6(1), 22412. doi:10.1038/srep22412
  • [14]. Yilmaz, S. G., Demirbas, A., Karaagac, Z., Dadi, S., Celik, C., Yusufbeyoglu, S., & Ocsoy, I. (2022). Synthesis of taurine-Cu3(PO4)2 hybrid nanoflower and their peroxidase-mimic and antimicrobial properties. Journal of Biotechnology, 343, 96-101. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.11.009
  • [15]. Aslan, T., Dadi, Ş., Kafdag, O., Temur, N., Ildiz, N., Ocsoy, I., & Ustun, Y. (2024). Rational design of EDTA-incorporated nanoflowers as novel and effective endodontic disinfection against biofilms. Odontology, 112(2), 444-452. doi:10.1007/s10266-023-00857-2
  • [16]. Dadi, S., Cardoso, M. H., Mandal, A. K., Franco, O. L., Ildiz, N., & Ocsoy, I. (2023). Natural molecule ıncorporated magnetic organic‐ınorganic nanoflower: ınvestigation of ıts dual fenton reaction‐dependent enzyme‐like catalytic activities with cyclic use. ChemistrySelect, 8(13), e202300404. doi: 10.1002/slct.202300404
  • [17]. Dadi, S., Celik, C., Mandal, A. K., & Ocsoy, I. (2021). Dopamine and norepinephrine assistant synthesized nanoflowers immobilized membrane with peroxidase mimic activity for efficient detection of model substrates. Applied Nanoscience, 11, 117-125. doi: 10.1007/s13204-020-01577-7
  • [18]. Koca, F. D., Yilmaz, D. D., Onmaz, N. E., & Ocsoy, I. (2020). Peroxidase-like activity and antimicrobial properties of curcumin-inorganic hybrid nanostructure. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 27(10), 2574-2579. doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.05.025
  • [19]. Ting, A. S. Y., & Chin, J. E. (2020). Biogenic synthesis of iron nanoparticles from apple peel extracts for decolorization of malachite green dye. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 231(6), 278. doi:10.1007/s11270-020 04658-z
  • [20]. Ildiz, N., Baldemir, A., Altinkaynak, C., Özdemir, N., Yilmaz, V., & Ocsoy, I. (2017). Self assembled snowball like hybrid nanostructures comprising Viburnum opulus L. extract and metal ions for antimicrobial and catalytic applications. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 102, 60-66. doi: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2017.04.003
  • [21]. FR, W. C. (2012). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; twenty-second informational supplement. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 32, M100.
  • [22]. PA, W. (2002). Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts, approved standard. CLSI document M27-A2.

Apple peel extract based formation of organic-inorganic nanoflower with ıntrinsic peroxidase mimic and antimcrobial activities

Year 2025, Volume: 18 Issue: 3, 403 - 409
https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2025.1660959

Abstract

IPurpose: In this study, we developed synthesis of hybrid organic-inorganic nanoflower (NF) composed of flavonoid-rich apple peel extract and Cu2+ ions acted as organic and inorganic components, respectively. The apple peel extract based NFs (Ap-NFs) showed peroxidase mimic and antimicrobial activities.
Method: The Ap-NFs were characterized with by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) for monitoring morphology (size and shape), Fourier transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for bending and stretching vibrations and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) for elucidation of crystal structure of Ap-NFs.
Findings: In terms of the catalytic activities, Ap-NFs catalyzed oxidation of guaiacol (2-methoxy phenol) to 3,3-dimethoxy-4,4-diphenoquinone in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) through the Fenton reaction. Benefiting from both the Fenton reaction and porous morphology of Ap-NFs, their antimicrobial activities were tested towards, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Candida albicans (C. albicans).
Conclusion: It is worthy to mention that, the Ap-NFs exhibited great antimicrobial activity in the presence of H2O2 by killing almost 99% of all microorganisms. The results are quite promising and we claim that Ap-NFs can be ideal candidate for catalytic activity and antimicrobial studies.

Ethical Statement

Conflicts of interest: No Conflict of Interest. Funding: No Funding Received. Ethical statement: This study does not require ethical approval. Author contributions: All authors read and approved the final manuscript. This study was presented as an oral presentation at the conference titled ‘Elegans International Scientific Conference Series, First International Conference on Life Science’ and its abstract was published in the conference book.

Supporting Institution

-

Project Number

-

Thanks

-

References

  • [1]. Chormey, D. S., Erarpat, S., Zaman, B. T., Özdoğan, N., Yağmuroğlu, O., & Bakırdere, S. (2023). Nanoflower synthesis, characterization and analytical applications: a review. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 21(3), 1863-1880. [2]. Baldemir, A., Köse, N. B., Ildız, N., İlgün, S., Yusufbeyoğlu, S., Yilmaz, V., & Ocsoy, I. (2017). Synthesis and characterization of green tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) extract and its major components-based nanoflowers: a new strategy to enhance antimicrobial activity. RSC advances, 7(70), 44303-44308.
  • [3]. Durbilmez, G. D., Bor, E., Dönmez, C., Geçili, F., Özdemir, N., & Çalişkan, U. K. (2019). Synthesis of hybrid nanoflowers with plant extracts traditionally utilized in skin problems and their activity profile. In I. International Aromatic Plants and Cosmetic Symposium (p. 45). [4]. Molina, G. A., Esparza, R., López-Miranda, J. L., Hernández-Martínez, A. R., España-Sánchez, B. L., Elizalde-Peña, E. A., & Estevez, M. (2019). Green synthesis of Ag nanoflowers using Kalanchoe Daigremontiana extract for enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial activities. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 180, 141-149.
  • [5]. Ge, J., Lei, J. & Zare, R. (2012). Protein–inorganic hybrid nanoflowers. Nature Nanotech, 7(7), 428-432. doi: 10.1038/nnano.2012.80.
  • [6]. Wang, L. B., Wang, Y. C., He, R., Zhuang, A., Wang, X., Zeng, J., & Hou, J. G. (2013). A new nanobiocatalytic system based on allosteric effect with dramatically enhanced enzymatic performance. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 135(4), 1272–1275. doi:10.1021/ja3120136.
  • [7]. Dadı, S., Ocsoy I., (2024). Role of pretty nanoflowers as novel versatile analytical tools for sensing in biomedical and bioanalytical applications. Smart Med, 3(1), e20230040. doi: 10.1002/SMMD.20230040.
  • [8]. Dadi, S., Temur, N., Gul, O. T., Yilmaz, V., & Ocsoy, I. (2023). In situ synthesis of horseradish peroxidase nanoflower@carbon nanotube hybrid nanobiocatalysts with greatly enhanced catalytic activity. Langmuir, 39(13), 4819–4828. doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00260
  • [9]. Gul, O. T., & Ocsoy, I. (2021). Co-Enzymes based nanoflowers incorporated-magnetic carbon nanotubes: A new generation nanocatalyst for superior removal of cationic and anionic dyes with great repeated use. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 24, 101992. doi: 10.1016/j.eti.2021.101992.
  • [10]. Yang, L., Zhang, X., Li, M., Qu, L., & Liu, Z. (2022). Acetylcholinesterase–Cu3(PO4)2 hybrid nanoflowers for electrochemical detection of dichlorvos using square-wave voltammetry. Analytical Methods, 14(39), 3911-3920. doi:10.1039/d2ay01014c.
  • [11]. Ocsoy, I., Dogru, E., & Usta, S. (2015). A new generation of flowerlike horseradish peroxides as a nanobiocatalyst for superior enzymatic activity. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 75, 25-29. doi: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.04.010
  • [12]. Gokturk, E., Ocsoy, I., Turac, E., & Sahmetlioglu, E. (2020). Horseradish peroxidase‐based hybrid nanoflowers with enhanced catalytical activities for polymerization reactions of phenol derivatives. Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 31(10), 2371-2377. doi: 10.1002/pat.4956.
  • [13]. Wu, Z. F., Wang, Z., Zhang, Y., Ma, Y. L., He, C. Y., Li, H., ... & Li, Z. Q. (2016). Amino acids-incorporated nanoflowers with an intrinsic peroxidase-like activity. Scientific reports, 6(1), 22412. doi:10.1038/srep22412
  • [14]. Yilmaz, S. G., Demirbas, A., Karaagac, Z., Dadi, S., Celik, C., Yusufbeyoglu, S., & Ocsoy, I. (2022). Synthesis of taurine-Cu3(PO4)2 hybrid nanoflower and their peroxidase-mimic and antimicrobial properties. Journal of Biotechnology, 343, 96-101. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.11.009
  • [15]. Aslan, T., Dadi, Ş., Kafdag, O., Temur, N., Ildiz, N., Ocsoy, I., & Ustun, Y. (2024). Rational design of EDTA-incorporated nanoflowers as novel and effective endodontic disinfection against biofilms. Odontology, 112(2), 444-452. doi:10.1007/s10266-023-00857-2
  • [16]. Dadi, S., Cardoso, M. H., Mandal, A. K., Franco, O. L., Ildiz, N., & Ocsoy, I. (2023). Natural molecule ıncorporated magnetic organic‐ınorganic nanoflower: ınvestigation of ıts dual fenton reaction‐dependent enzyme‐like catalytic activities with cyclic use. ChemistrySelect, 8(13), e202300404. doi: 10.1002/slct.202300404
  • [17]. Dadi, S., Celik, C., Mandal, A. K., & Ocsoy, I. (2021). Dopamine and norepinephrine assistant synthesized nanoflowers immobilized membrane with peroxidase mimic activity for efficient detection of model substrates. Applied Nanoscience, 11, 117-125. doi: 10.1007/s13204-020-01577-7
  • [18]. Koca, F. D., Yilmaz, D. D., Onmaz, N. E., & Ocsoy, I. (2020). Peroxidase-like activity and antimicrobial properties of curcumin-inorganic hybrid nanostructure. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 27(10), 2574-2579. doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.05.025
  • [19]. Ting, A. S. Y., & Chin, J. E. (2020). Biogenic synthesis of iron nanoparticles from apple peel extracts for decolorization of malachite green dye. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 231(6), 278. doi:10.1007/s11270-020 04658-z
  • [20]. Ildiz, N., Baldemir, A., Altinkaynak, C., Özdemir, N., Yilmaz, V., & Ocsoy, I. (2017). Self assembled snowball like hybrid nanostructures comprising Viburnum opulus L. extract and metal ions for antimicrobial and catalytic applications. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 102, 60-66. doi: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2017.04.003
  • [21]. FR, W. C. (2012). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; twenty-second informational supplement. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 32, M100.
  • [22]. PA, W. (2002). Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts, approved standard. CLSI document M27-A2.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Natural Products and Bioactive Compounds
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Mustafa Nisari 0000-0001-7469-8921

Project Number -
Early Pub Date September 25, 2025
Publication Date October 3, 2025
Submission Date March 19, 2025
Acceptance Date May 27, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 18 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Nisari, M. (2025). Apple peel extract based formation of organic-inorganic nanoflower with ıntrinsic peroxidase mimic and antimcrobial activities. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 18(3), 403-409. https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2025.1660959

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