Öğrencilerin Yapay Zeka Okuryazarlığı Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Abstract

Bu araştırmada, lise, ön lisans ve lisans öğrencilerinin yapay zeka okuryazarlık düzeyleriyle ilgili mevcut durumun incelenmesi ve yapay zeka okuryazarlık düzeyi ile bazı demografik değişkenler (cinsiyet, öğrenim durumu ve günlük ortalama bilgisayar/internet kullanma süresi) arasındaki ilişkinin ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yaklaşımına dayalı genel tarama modellerden ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Türkiye’nin doğusunda bulunan bir il merkezinde öğrenim gören 870 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak Laupichler ve diğerleri (2023) tarafından geliştirilen, Karaoğlan Yılmaz ve Yılmaz (2023) tarafından Türkçe uyarlaması yapılan "Yapay Zekâ Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği" kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre, öğrencilerin yapay zeka okuryazarlık düzeyi düşük düzeyde çıkmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen bir diğer sonuç ise yapay zeka okuryazarlık düzeyinin cinsiyet ve ortalama günlük bilgisayar/internet kullanma süresine göre farklılaştığı şeklindedir. Elde edilen sonuçlar öğrencilerin yapay zeka okuryazarlığı konusundaki eğitim çalışmalarının yetersiz kaldığı ve iyileştirmelere gereksinim duyulduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu kapsamda yapay zeka okuryazarlığı konusunun öğretimi ve kullanılan yöntemlerin etkisi üzerine çalışmalar yürütülebilir.

Keywords

• Yapay zeka
• Okuryazarlık
• Lise
• Ön lisans
• Lisans

A Study on Students' Artificial Intelligence (AI) Literacy

Abstract

This research seeks to examine the current situation of high school, associate, and undergraduate students regarding artificial intelligence literacy levels and to reveal the relationship between the artificial intelligence literacy level and some demographic variables (gender, educational background and average daily computer/internet usage time). The relational survey model, one of the general survey models based on the quantitative research approach, was employed in the present study. The sample consists of 870 students studying in a city centre in the east of Turkey. The "Artificial Intelligence Literacy Scale" developed by Laupichler et al. (2023) and adapted into Turkish by Karaoğlan Yılmaz and Yılmaz (2023) was used as a data collection tool. According to the research findings, students' artificial intelligence literacy level was low. Another result shows that the artificial intelligence literacy level differs depending on gender and average daily computer/internet usage time. The results reveal that educational studies on students' artificial intelligence literacy are insufficient and improvements are needed. In this context, it is recommended that studies be carried out on teaching artificial intelligence literacy and the impact of the methods used for this purpose.

Keywords

• Artificial intelligence
• Literacy
• High school
• Associate degree
• Undergraduate

References

1. Akgun, S., & Greenhow, C. (2022). Artificial intelligence in education: Addressing ethical challenges in K-12 settings. AI and Ethics, 2(3), 431-440.
2. Çelebi, V., & İnal, A. (2019). Yapay zekâ bağlamında etik problemi. Journal of International Social Research, 12(66).
3. Dwivedi, Y. K., Hughes, L., Ismagilova, E., Aarts, G., Coombs, C., Crick, T., ... & Williams, M. D. (2021). Artificial Intelligence (AI): Multidisciplinary perspectives on emerging challenges, opportunities, and agenda for research, practice and policy. International Journal of Information Management, 57, 101994.
4. Farrelly, T., & Baker, N. (2023). Generative artificial intelligence: Implications and considerations for higher education practice. Education Sciences, 13(11), 1109.
5. Ghosh, A., Chakraborty, D., & Law, A. (2018). Artificial intelligence in Internet of things. CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology, 3(4), 208-218.
6. González-Calatayud, V., Prendes-Espinosa, P., & Roig-Vila, R. (2021). Artificial intelligence for student assessment: A systematic review. Applied Sciences, 11(12), 5467.
7. Gordon, B. M. (2011). Artificial Intelligence: Approaches, Tools and Applications. New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
8. Haenlein, M., & Kaplan, A. (2019). A brief history of artificial intelligence: On the past, present, and future of artificial intelligence. California Management Review, 61(4), 5-14.

9. He, M., Li, Z., Liu, C., Shi, D., & Tan, Z. (2020). Deployment of artificial intelligence in real-world practice: opportunity and challenge. Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology, 9(4), 299-307.
10. Hornberger, M., Bewersdorff, A., & Nerdel, C. (2023). What do university students know about Artificial Intelligence? Development and validation of an AI literacy test. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 5, 100165.
11. Karaoğlan Yılmaz, F. G., & Yılmaz, R. (2023). Yapay Zekâ Okuryazarlığı Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması. Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri Dergisi, 5(2), 172-190.
12. Kong, S. C., Cheung, W. M. Y., & Tsang, O. (2023). Evaluating an artificial intelligence literacy programme for empowering and developing concepts, literacy and ethical awareness in senior secondary students. Education and Information Technologies, 28(4), 4703-4724
13. Laupichler, M. C., Aster, A., Schirch, J., & Raupach, T. (2022). Artificial intelligence literacy in higher and adult education: A scoping literature review. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 100101.
14. Moor, J. (2006). The dartmouth college artificial ıntelligence conference: The next fifty years. AI Magazine, 27(4), 87. https://doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v27i4.1911
15. Nabiyev, V. V. (2016). Yapay zekâ. İstanbul: Seçkin.
16. Ng, D. T. K., Leung, J. K. L., Chu, S. K. W., & Qiao, M. S. (2021). Conceptualizing AI literacy: An exploratory review. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 2, 100041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100041
17. Ng, D. T. K., Su, J., Leung, J. K. L., & Chu, S. K. W. (2023). Artificial intelligence (AI) literacy education in secondary schools: a review. Interactive Learning Environments, 1-21.
18. Obschonka, M., & Audretsch, D. B. (2020). Artificial intelligence and big data in entrepreneurship: a new era has begun. Small Business Economics, 55, 529-539.
19. Panigrahi, C. M. A. (2020). Use of artificial intelligence in education. Management Accountant, 55, 64-67.
20. Popenici, S. A., & Kerr, S. (2017). Exploring the impact of artificial intelligence on teaching and learning in higher education. Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning, 22(12). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41039-017-0062-8
21. Russell, S. J., & Norvig, P. (2016). Artificial intelligence: a modern approach. Pearson.
22. Sanusi, I. T., Olaleye, S. A., Agbo, F. J., & Chiu, T. K. (2022). The role of learners’ competencies in artificial intelligence education. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 3, 100098.
23. Shi, R. (2024). Research on the Current Situation of Artificial Intelligence Literacy of Teacher Trainees and Strategies to Improve It. Advances in Educational Technology and Psychology, 8(1), 126-133.
24. Soylu, E. (2023). Ortaokul öğrencilerine yönelik geliştirilen yapay zekâ eğitim içeriğinin yapay zekâ okuryazarlığına etkisi= Artificial intelligence education for secondary students the effect of its content on artificial intelligence literacy (Master's thesis, Sakarya Üniversitesi).
25. Taşçı, G. ve Çelebi, M. (2020). Eğitimde yeni bir paradigma: Yükseköğretimde yapay zekâ. OPUS–Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 16(29), 2346-2370. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.747634
26. Verganti, R., Vendraminelli, L., & Iansiti, M. (2020). Innovation and design in the age of artificial intelligence. Journal of product innovation management, 37(3), 212-227.
27. Wang, B., Rau, P., & Yuan, T. (2023). Measuring user competence in using artificial ıntelligence: Validity and reliability of artificial ıntelligence literacy scale. Behaviour \& Information Technology, 42(9), 1324– 1337. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/0144929x.2022.2072768
28. Wang, X., Li, X., & Huang, J. (2023). Junior High School Artificial Intelligence Literacy: Connotation, Evaluation and Promotion Strategy. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 11(5), 33-49.
29. Wiredu, J. (2023). An investigation on the characteristics, abilities, constraints, and functions of artificial intelligence (ai): The age of chatgpt as an essential. Information and Management, 108(3), 62614- 62620.