TR
EN
The relationships of weeds and their distributions with ecological factors in hazelnut orchards in Ordu
Abstract
Ordu Province ranks first in the world and in Türkiye in terms of hazelnut production. In this study, the prevalence and density of problematic weed species in hazelnut orchards in the province of Ordu and the influence of ecological factors on the distribution of weed populations was investigated. In this direction, the study was carried out in 2021-2022 in two different survey periods in a total of 75 different hazelnut orchards, divided into three agro-ecological regions according to the geographical location of the orchards (height and distance to the coast) to represent the research zone. The weed species identified during the surveys were associated with climate and soil characteristics and the data obtained were analyzed by using the CANOCO (Program for Analysis and Visualization of Multiple Ecological Data) and SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) package programs together with multivariate analyses and related distribution characteristics. To reveal the effects of soil and climate characteristics on weeds, the data obtained were evaluated by the Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) method. A total of 194 weed species belonging to 49 families were detected as a result of the two-year surveys. The weed species with the highest frequency (%) and density (plants/m2) in the first period (April-May) was Bellis perennis L. and in the second period (August-September) was Urtica dioica L. Rumex crispus L. and U. dioica, which were considered by producers to be the most problematic, especially due to their high frequency and density, were positively correlated with organic matter, while Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn and Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott were identified as indicator species because they were negatively correlated with lime, Ca, EC and pH.
Keywords
Supporting Institution
Ordu University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit
Project Number
B-2122
Ethical Statement
I declare that all processes of the study are in accordance with research and publication ethics and that I comply with ethical rules and scientific citation principles.
Thanks
The study was conducted at Hikmet Yonat's PhD Thesis. In addition, the study was supported by the Ordu University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit with project number B-2122. We would like to thank the Ordu University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit for their financial support.
References
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Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Herbology
Journal Section
Research Article
Publication Date
January 1, 2026
Submission Date
March 26, 2025
Acceptance Date
July 31, 2025
Published in Issue
Year 2025 Volume: 65 Number: 4
APA
Yonat, H., & Kolören, O. (2026). The relationships of weeds and their distributions with ecological factors in hazelnut orchards in Ordu. Plant Protection Bulletin, 65(4), 78-99. https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.1646813
AMA
1.Yonat H, Kolören O. The relationships of weeds and their distributions with ecological factors in hazelnut orchards in Ordu. Plant Protection Bulletin. 2026;65(4):78-99. doi:10.16955/bitkorb.1646813
Chicago
Yonat, Hikmet, and Onur Kolören. 2026. “The Relationships of Weeds and Their Distributions With Ecological Factors in Hazelnut Orchards in Ordu”. Plant Protection Bulletin 65 (4): 78-99. https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.1646813.
EndNote
Yonat H, Kolören O (January 1, 2026) The relationships of weeds and their distributions with ecological factors in hazelnut orchards in Ordu. Plant Protection Bulletin 65 4 78–99.
IEEE
[1]H. Yonat and O. Kolören, “The relationships of weeds and their distributions with ecological factors in hazelnut orchards in Ordu”, Plant Protection Bulletin, vol. 65, no. 4, pp. 78–99, Jan. 2026, doi: 10.16955/bitkorb.1646813.
ISNAD
Yonat, Hikmet - Kolören, Onur. “The Relationships of Weeds and Their Distributions With Ecological Factors in Hazelnut Orchards in Ordu”. Plant Protection Bulletin 65/4 (January 1, 2026): 78-99. https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.1646813.
JAMA
1.Yonat H, Kolören O. The relationships of weeds and their distributions with ecological factors in hazelnut orchards in Ordu. Plant Protection Bulletin. 2026;65:78–99.
MLA
Yonat, Hikmet, and Onur Kolören. “The Relationships of Weeds and Their Distributions With Ecological Factors in Hazelnut Orchards in Ordu”. Plant Protection Bulletin, vol. 65, no. 4, Jan. 2026, pp. 78-99, doi:10.16955/bitkorb.1646813.
Vancouver
1.Hikmet Yonat, Onur Kolören. The relationships of weeds and their distributions with ecological factors in hazelnut orchards in Ordu. Plant Protection Bulletin. 2026 Jan. 1;65(4):78-99. doi:10.16955/bitkorb.1646813
