Araştırma Makalesi

The relationships of weeds and their distributions with ecological factors in hazelnut orchards in Ordu

Cilt: 65 Sayı: 4 1 Ocak 2026
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The relationships of weeds and their distributions with ecological factors in hazelnut orchards in Ordu

Abstract

Ordu Province ranks first in the world and in Türkiye in terms of hazelnut production. In this study, the prevalence and density of problematic weed species in hazelnut orchards in the province of Ordu and the influence of ecological factors on the distribution of weed populations was investigated. In this direction, the study was carried out in 2021-2022 in two different survey periods in a total of 75 different hazelnut orchards, divided into three agro-ecological regions according to the geographical location of the orchards (height and distance to the coast) to represent the research zone. The weed species identified during the surveys were associated with climate and soil characteristics and the data obtained were analyzed by using the CANOCO (Program for Analysis and Visualization of Multiple Ecological Data) and SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) package programs together with multivariate analyses and related distribution characteristics. To reveal the effects of soil and climate characteristics on weeds, the data obtained were evaluated by the Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) method. A total of 194 weed species belonging to 49 families were detected as a result of the two-year surveys. The weed species with the highest frequency (%) and density (plants/m2) in the first period (April-May) was Bellis perennis L. and in the second period (August-September) was Urtica dioica L. Rumex crispus L. and U. dioica, which were considered by producers to be the most problematic, especially due to their high frequency and density, were positively correlated with organic matter, while Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn and Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott were identified as indicator species because they were negatively correlated with lime, Ca, EC and pH.

Keywords

Destekleyen Kurum

Ordu Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi

Proje Numarası

B-2122

Etik Beyan

Çalışmanın tüm süreçlerinin araştırma ve yayın etiğine uygun olduğunu, etik kurallara ve bilimsel atıf gösterme ilkelerine uyduğumu beyan ederim

Teşekkür

Çalışma Hikmet Yonat'ın Doktora Tezi kapsamında yürütülmüştür. Ayrıca çalışma Ordu Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi tarafından B-2122 proje numarasıyla desteklenmiştir. Ordu Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi'ne maddi desteklerinden dolayı teşekkür ederiz.

Kaynakça

  1. Altıncı N.T., Cangi R., 2018. Bağlarda yabancı otlar ve dağılımlarının ekolojik faktörlerle ilişkilendirilmesi. 2nd International Symposium on Innovative Approaches in Scientific Studies, November 30 - December 2, p 1092-1102, Samsun. https://www.set-science.com/manage/uploads/ISAS2018-Winter_0039/SETSCI_ISAS2018-Winter_0039_00211.pdf
  2. Anonymous 2023. Historical climate data. Worldclim. https://www.worldclim.org/data/worldclim21.html (accessed date: 13.02.2023).
  3. Anonymous 2022. Bitkisel Üretim istatistikleri. TÜİK. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=92&locale=tr (accessed date: 02.02.2023).
  4. Anonymous 2021a. Crops and livestock products. FAOSTAT. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/TCL (accessed date: 02.02.2023).
  5. Anonymous 2021b. Bitkisel Üretim İstatistikleri. TÜİK. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=92&locale=tr (accessed date: 01.02.2023).
  6. Anonymous 2016. Composite List of Weeds. Weed Science Society of America (WSSA). http://wssa.net/wssa/weed/composite-list-ofweeds/ (accessed date: 08.01.2021).
  7. Çalıșkan Ö., Ayan A.K., 2011. The effects of different doses of organic NPK fertilizer on yield and yield components in stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.). Anatolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 26 (3), 217-220. https://doi.org/10.7161/anajas.2011.26.3.217-220
  8. Davis P.H., 1965-1989. Flora of Turkey and The East Aegean Islands (Vol. 1-10). Edinburg University Press, Edinburg, UK.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Herboloji

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

1 Ocak 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

26 Mart 2025

Kabul Tarihi

31 Temmuz 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 65 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA
Yonat, H., & Kolören, O. (2026). The relationships of weeds and their distributions with ecological factors in hazelnut orchards in Ordu. Plant Protection Bulletin, 65(4), 78-99. https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.1646813
AMA
1.Yonat H, Kolören O. The relationships of weeds and their distributions with ecological factors in hazelnut orchards in Ordu. Plant Protection Bulletin. 2026;65(4):78-99. doi:10.16955/bitkorb.1646813
Chicago
Yonat, Hikmet, ve Onur Kolören. 2026. “The relationships of weeds and their distributions with ecological factors in hazelnut orchards in Ordu”. Plant Protection Bulletin 65 (4): 78-99. https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.1646813.
EndNote
Yonat H, Kolören O (01 Ocak 2026) The relationships of weeds and their distributions with ecological factors in hazelnut orchards in Ordu. Plant Protection Bulletin 65 4 78–99.
IEEE
[1]H. Yonat ve O. Kolören, “The relationships of weeds and their distributions with ecological factors in hazelnut orchards in Ordu”, Plant Protection Bulletin, c. 65, sy 4, ss. 78–99, Oca. 2026, doi: 10.16955/bitkorb.1646813.
ISNAD
Yonat, Hikmet - Kolören, Onur. “The relationships of weeds and their distributions with ecological factors in hazelnut orchards in Ordu”. Plant Protection Bulletin 65/4 (01 Ocak 2026): 78-99. https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.1646813.
JAMA
1.Yonat H, Kolören O. The relationships of weeds and their distributions with ecological factors in hazelnut orchards in Ordu. Plant Protection Bulletin. 2026;65:78–99.
MLA
Yonat, Hikmet, ve Onur Kolören. “The relationships of weeds and their distributions with ecological factors in hazelnut orchards in Ordu”. Plant Protection Bulletin, c. 65, sy 4, Ocak 2026, ss. 78-99, doi:10.16955/bitkorb.1646813.
Vancouver
1.Hikmet Yonat, Onur Kolören. The relationships of weeds and their distributions with ecological factors in hazelnut orchards in Ordu. Plant Protection Bulletin. 01 Ocak 2026;65(4):78-99. doi:10.16955/bitkorb.1646813

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