Ekolojik Zararlı Mücadelesinde Alternatif Stratejiler: Galleria mellonella ve Tenebrio molitor’a Karşı Entomopatojen Funguslar ile Bitkisel Uçucu Yağların Etkileşimi

Year 2026, Volume: 66 Issue: 1 , 64 - 76 , 31.03.2026

Ozlem (kalkar) Güven

https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.1787043

https://izlik.org/JA62XB55RY

Abstract

Beauveria bassiana ve Metarhizium brunneum gibi entomopatojen funguslar önemli biyolojik mücadele etmenleri arasında yer almakla birlikte, nispeten yavaş etki göstermeleri etkinliklerini sınırlayabilmektedir. Biyoaktif bileşenlerce zengin olan bitkisel uçucu yağlar, insektisit ve kovucu özellikleri nedeniyle potansiyel tamamlayıcı ajanlar olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, B. bassiana (BMAUM-M6-4) ve M. brunneum (V275) izolatlarının kekik, biberiye ve okaliptüs uçucu yağları ile Galleria mellonella ve Tenebrio molitor larvalarına karşı tekli ve kombine etkileri incelenmiştir. Uçucu yağlar tek başına, fungal süspansiyonlarla eş zamanlı veya 24 saat aralıkla uygulanarak etkileşimleri değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca, uçucu yağların fungusların miselyum gelişimi ve konidiyal çimlenmesi üzerindeki olası engelleyici etkilerini belirlemek için in-vitro testler gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Sonuçlar, kekik yağının her iki fungus izolatı ile en güçlü sinerjistik etkiyi oluşturduğunu göstermiştir. Kekik yağı ile B. bassiana veya M. brunneum’un eş zamanlı uygulanması, tekli uygulamalara kıyasla larva mortalitesini anlamlı derecede artırmıştır. Biberiye yağı orta düzeyde uyumluluk göstermiş ancak larvaların biberiye ile ön işlem görmesi durumunda fungusun etkinliği azalmıştır. Okaliptüs yağı ise mortaliteye sınırlı katkı sağlamıştır. Önemli olarak, in-vitro testler uçucu yağların %1 konsantrasyonda fungal spor çimlenmesini anlamlı şekilde engellemediğini, miselyum gelişiminde ise yalnızca küçük düşüşler gözlendiğini ve bu etkiler arasında en düşük etkinin okaliptüs yağında ortaya çıktığını göstermiştir.
Genel olarak, özellikle kekik ve biberiye yağlarının entomopatojen funguslarla kombinasyonu zararlı mortalitesini artırmış ve entegre zararlı yönetimi stratejileri kapsamında çevre dostu bir alternatif olarak potansiyel göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte, uygulama sırası ve konak türüne bağlı olarak etkinlik değişmekte olup, yarı-tarla ve tarla koşullarında optimizasyon ve doğrulamaya ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

Keywords

Beauveria bassiana , Metarhizium brunneum , uçucu yağlar , biyolojik mücadele , etkileşim

Ethical Statement

“Ekolojik Zararlı Mücadelesinde Alternatif Stratejiler: Galleria mellonella ve Tenebrio molitor’a Karşı Entomopatojen Funguslar ile Bitkisel Uçucu Yağların Etkileşimi” isimli makalemiz Bitki Koruma Bülteninde yayınlamak üzere sisteme yüklenmiştir. Bu makale başka bir dergiye yayınlanmak üzere gönderilmemiş ve değerlendirme aşamasında değildir.

Supporting Institution

Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, BİLİMSEL ARAŞTIRMA PROJELERİ KOORDİNASYON BİRİMİ

Project Number

2022/4-4 M(YLS)

Thanks

Bu araştırma Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi tarafından 2022/4-4 M (YLS) proje numarası ile desteklenmiştir. Proje sürecinde laboratuvarda desteklerini esirgemeyen Ayşegül Orçan, Emine Kara ve Duygu Altun'a teşekkür ederim.

Towards Eco-Friendly Pest Control: Synergistic Potential of Entomopathogenic Fungi and Plant Essential Oils Against Galleria mellonella and Tenebrio molitor

https://izlik.org/JA62XB55RY

Abstract

Entomopathogenic fungi such as Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum are important biological control agents, but their relatively slow action can limit efficiency. Essential oils, rich in bioactive compounds, represent potential complementary tools due to their insecticidal and repellent properties. The present study evaluated the individual and combined effects of B. bassiana (BMAUM-M6-4) and M. brunneum (V275) with thyme, rosemary, and eucalyptus essential oils against Galleria mellonella and Tenebrio molitor larvae. Essential oils were applied individually, simultaneously with fungal suspensions, or sequentially with a 24-hour interval to assess interactions. In addition, in vitro assays were conducted to determine the potential inhibitory effects of essential oils on fungal mycelial growth and conidial germination.
The results revealed that thyme oil produced the strongest synergistic effect with both fungal isolates. Simultaneous application of thyme oil with B. bassiana or M. brunneum significantly increased larval mortality compared to single treatments. Rosemary oil showed moderate compatibility, although pre-exposure of larvae to rosemary reduced fungal efficacy. Eucalyptus oil contributed little to mortality under laboratory conditions. Importantly, in vitro assays showed that essential oils at 1% concentration did not significantly inhibit fungal spore germination, and only minor reductions in mycelial growth were observed, particularly with eucalyptus oil showing the least effect.
Overall, combining entomopathogenic fungi with selected essential oils, particularly thyme and rosemary, enhanced pest mortality and demonstrated potential as an environmentally friendly alternative within integrated pest management strategies. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of these treatments depends on application sequence and host species, underscoring the need for optimization and validation under semi-field and field conditions.

Keywords

Beauveria bassiana , Metarhizium brunneum , essential oils , biological control , interaction.

Ethical Statement

Our article, "Towards Eco-Friendly Pest Control: Synergistic Potential of Entomopathogenic Fungi and Plant Essential Oils Against Galleria mellonella and Tenebrio molitor" has been uploaded to the Plant Protection Bulletin for publication. This article has not been submitted for publication to any other journal and is not currently under evaluation.

Supporting Institution

Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit

Project Number

2022/4-4 M(YLS)

Thanks

This research was supported by Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit with project number 2022/4-4 M (YLS). I would like to thank Ayşegül Orçan, Emine Kara, and Duygu Altun for their support in the laboratory throughout the project.

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