Türkiye'de yetiştirilen adaçayı (Salvia officinalis L. ve Salvia fruticosa Mill.) tarım alanlarının yabancı ot florası

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Türkiye'de yetiştirilen adaçayı (Salvia officinalis L. ve S. fruticosa Mill.) ile ilişkili yabancı ot florasını tanımlamayı ve karakterize etmeyi, ayrıca çeşitlilik ve dağılım modellerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır. Adaçayı tarlalarındaki yabancı ot bileşimini anlamak, tıbbi ve aromatik bitki üretim sistemlerinde sürdürülebilir yönetim stratejileri geliştirmek için elzemdir. Çalışma, Türkiye'nin Akdeniz bölgesinde, Antalya, Muğla ve Denizli illerindeki adaçayı yetiştirme alanlarını kapsayacak şekilde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yaklaşık 38 hektarlık bir alanı temsil eden 105 adaçayı tarlasında saha araştırmaları yapılmıştır. Yabancı ot türlerini kaydetmek için tarla büyüklüğüne orantılı sistematik bir örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Kantitatif analizler arasında sıklık (%) ve yoğunluk (bitki/m²) yer almıştır. Tür zenginliği ve çeşitliliği, Simpson ve Shannon çeşitlilik indeksleri kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Topluluk farklılıklarını ve çevresel değişkenlerle ilişkilerini incelemek için NMDS, PERMANOVA ve RDA yöntemleri uygulanmıştır. Toplam 90 yabancı ot taksonu tanımlandı; bunların 77'si çift çenekli, 13'ü tek çenekli türdü. En fazla tür içeren familyalar Asteraceae (14 takson), Poaceae (13 takson) ve Fabaceae (9 takson) idi. Baskın türler Avena sterilis L. (%83), Convolvulus arvensis L. (%62) ve Trifolium pratense L. (%60) idi. Yabancı ot çeşitliliği S. officinalis tarlalarında (79 takson) S. fruticosa tarlalarına (47 takson) göre daha yüksekti. RDA, yabancı ot dağılımı ile rakım, toprak organik karbonu, pH ve doku arasında anlamlı korelasyonlar ortaya koydu. Bu çalışma, Türkiye'deki ekili adaçayı tarlalarındaki yabancı ot bitki örtüsünün ilk kapsamlı değerlendirmesini sunarak, tıbbi ve aromatik bitki agroekosistemlerinde entegre yabancı ot yönetimi ve biyoçeşitlilik koruması için değerli bilgiler sağlamaktadır.

Keywords

• tıbbi ve aromatik bitkiler
• araştırma
• yabancı ot popülasyonu
• adi adaçayı
• Anadolu adaçayı

Supporting Institution

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı – Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü (TAGEM)

Project Number

TAGEM/BSAD/Ü/21/A2/P4/3967

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma, insan katılımcılar veya hayvan denekler içermediğinden etik kurul onayı gerektirmemektedir.

Thanks

Yazarlar, sürvey koordinatlarına karşılık gelen toprak verilerinin sağlanmasındaki katkılarından dolayı Toprak, Gübre ve Su Kaynakları Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü’ne teşekkür eder.

Weed flora of cultivated sage (Salvia officinalis L. and Salvia fruticosa Mill.) in Türkiye

Abstract

This study aimed to identify and characterize the weed flora associated with cultivated sage (Salvia officinalis L. and S. fruticosa Mill.) in Türkiye and to evaluate their diversity and distribution patterns. Understanding weed composition in sage fields is essential for developing sustainable management strategies in medicinal and aromatic plant production systems. The study was conducted in the Mediterranean region of Türkiye, covering sage cultivation areas in the provinces of Antalya, Muğla, and Denizli. Field surveys were carried out in 105 sage fields representing approximately 38 hectares. A systematic sampling method proportional to the field size was used to record weed species. Quantitative analyses included frequency (%) and density (plants/m²). Species richness and diversity were assessed using Simpson and Shannon diversity indices. NMDS, PERMANOVA, and RDA were applied to examine community differences and relationships with environmental variables. A total of 90 weed taxa were identified, comprising 77 dicotyledonous and 13 monocotyledonous species. The most species-rich families were Asteraceae (14 taxa), Poaceae (13 taxa), and Fabaceae (9 taxa). The dominant species were Avena sterilis L. (83%), Convolvulus arvensis L. (62%), and Trifolium pratense L. (60%). Weed diversity was higher in S. officinalis (79 taxa) than in S. fruticosa fields (47 taxa). RDA revealed significant correlations between weed distribution and altitude, soil organic carbon, pH, and texture. This study provides the first comprehensive assessment of weed vegetation in cultivated sage fields in Türkiye, offering valuable insights for integrated weed management and biodiversity conservation in medicinal and aromatic plant agroecosystems.

Keywords

• medicinal and aromatic plants
• survey
• weed population
• common sage
• Anatolian sage

Supporting Institution

Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry - General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies (TAGEM)

Project Number

TAGEM/BSAD/Ü/21/A2/P4/3967

Ethical Statement

This study did not involve human participants or animal subjects and therefore did not require ethical approval.

Thanks

The authors gratefully acknowledge the Soil, Fertilizer and Water Resources Central Research Institute for providing soil data corresponding to the survey coordinates.

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