Psyllobora vigintiduopunctata (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)’nın Kabakgillerde külleme hastalığı Erysiphe cichoracearum (DC.) (Helotiales: Erysiphaceae) üzerindeki beslenme performansı

Abstract

Psyllobora vigintiduopunctata’nın Erysiphe cichoracearum üzerindeki beslenme kapasitesi, laboratuvar (25±2°C, %70±5 bağıl nem, 12:12 saat fotoperiyot) ve yarı-tarla koşullarında araştırılmıştır. Laboratuvar koşullarında, larva dönemi boyunca tüketilen toplam külleme ile enfekteli alanın yaklaşık 19 cm² olduğu belirlenmiştir. Erginlerin yaşam süreleri boyunca tüketim miktarı incelendiğinde, erkek bireylerin ortalama 195.86±5.48 cm², dişilerin ise 225.14±5.48 cm² enfekteli alan tükettiği saptanmıştır. Yarı-tarla denemeleri, küllemeye karşı P. vigintiduopunctata’nın etkinliğini belirlemek amacıyla enfeksiyonun başlangıç döneminde kabak bitkilerine bitki başına 10, 15 ve 20 ergin birey salınarak yürütülmüştür. Kontrol uygulaması olarak yalnızca saf su kullanılmıştır. Pozitif kontrol olarak, 200g/L azoksistrobin ve 125g/L difenokonazol içeren ticari bir fungisit (Quadris® Maxx, 80ml/100L su) enfekteli bitkilere uygulanmıştır. Kabak bitkilerindeki enfekteli yaprak alanı beş günlük aralıklarla ölçülmüş ve denemeler 20. günde sonlandırılmıştır. Kontrol grubunda bitkilerin 20. günde %100 oranında külleme ile enfekte olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bitki başına 10, 15 ve 20 ergin P. vigintiduopunctata salınan uygulamalarda ortalama hastalık şiddeti 20. günde sırasıyla %16.99–17.07, %12.88–13.42 ve %8.55–8.79 olarak belirlenmiştir. Ortalama etki ise sırasıyla %82.93–83.01, %86.58–87.12 ve %91.21–91.45 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Fungisit uygulanan kabak bitkilerinde ise külleme hastalığı şiddeti 15. günden itibaren artmış, 20. günde yaklaşık %11 hastalık şiddeti ve %89 etkinlik düzeyine ulaşmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, laboratuvar koşullarında belirlenen beslenme kapasitesi verileri ile uyumlu olup, enfeksiyonun başlangıç döneminde bitki başına 20 ergin P. vigintiduopunctata salımının E. cichoracearum’un baskılanmasında oldukça etkili olduğunu ve kimyasal mücadele stratejilerine güçlü bir alternatif oluşturabileceğini ortaya koymuştur.

Keywords

• 22 benekli uğur böceği
• salım
• beslenme kapasitesi
• mikofag
• Erysiphe cichoracearum
• Cucurbita pepo

Supporting Institution

Bu çalışma, T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü (TAGEM) tarafından desteklenmiştir.

Project Number

TAGEM/BSAD/E/24/A2/P5/6968

Thanks

Külleme hastalığının biyolojik özellikleri konusundaki desteklerinden dolayı Prof. Dr. Fikret Demirci’ye (Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Bitki Koruma Bölümü, Ankara, Türkiye) teşekkür ederiz.

The feeding performance of Psyllobora vigintiduopunctata (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on cucurbit powdery mildew, Erysiphe cichoracearum (DC.) (Helotiales: Erysiphaceae)

Abstract

The feeding capacity of Psyllobora vigintiduopunctata on Erysiphe cichoracearum was investigated under laboratory (25 ± 2 °C, 70 ± 5% RH, 12:12 h photoperiod) and semi-field conditions. Under laboratory conditions, the total powdery mildew-infected area consumed approximately 19 cm² over the entire larval period. Over their lifetime, adult males consumed an average of 195.86 ± 5.48 cm² of infected area, whereas females consumed 225.14 ± 5.48 cm². The semi-field experiments were performed to determine the efficacy of P. vigintiduopunctata against powdery mildew by releasing 10, 15, and 20 adults onto squash plants at the initial stage of infection. Only distilled water was used as the control treatment. A commercial fungicide containing 200 g/L azoxystrobin and 125 g/L difenoconazole (Quadris® Maxx), 80 ml/100 L water) was applied to infected plants as the positive control treatment. The infected leaf area on squash plants was measured at five-day intervals, and the trials were terminated on day 20. In the control group, the plants were infected with 100% powdery mildew by day 20. The mean disease severity in plants where 10, 15, and 20 adult P. vigintiduopunctata were released was determined 16.99–17.07%, 12.88–13.42%, and 8.55–8.79%, respectively by 20. day. The mean suppression effects were determined as 82.93–83.01%, 86.58–87.12%, and 91.21-91.45%, respectively. In squash plants that received the fungicide treatment, the severity of powdery mildew increased from day 15 onwards, reaching approximately 11% and 89% effectiveness by day 20. These results were in agreement with laboratory-based feeding capacity data and revealed that releasing 20 adult P. vigintiduopunctata per plant at the initial stage of infection can provide highly effective suppression of E. cichoracearum, representing a strong alternative to chemical control strategies.

Keywords

• The 22-spotted ladybird
• release
• consumption capacity
• mycophagous
• Erysiphe cichoracearum
• Cucurbita pepo

Supporting Institution

This study was supported by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies of Turkiye.

Project Number

TAGEM/BSAD/E/24/A2/P5/6968

Thanks

We would like to thank Prof. Dr. Fikret Demirci (Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye) for his support regarding the biological characteristics of powdery mildew disease.

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