Sünenin yumurta parazitoitleri Trissolcus semistriatus Nees ve Trissolcus simoni (Mayr.) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) arasındaki rekabet

Öz

Trissolcus semistriatus Nees ve T. simoni (Mayr.) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), Sünenin [Eurygaster integriceps Put. (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae)] en önemli ve yaygın doğal düşmanlarıdır. T. semistriatus ve T. simoni dişilerinin önceden parazitlenmiş E. integriceps yumurtalarını multiparazitleyip parazitlenmediğini saptamak ve T. semistriatus ve T. simoni arasındaki larva ve ergin rekabetini değerlendirmek için çalışma yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla, tercihli denemelerde yarısı bir tür tarafından parazitlenmiş ve parazitlenmemiş yumurta paketi diğer türün dişilerine verilmiş, tercihsiz denemelerde ise tamamı bir tür tarafından parazitlenmiş yumurta paketi diğer türün dişilerine verilmiştir. Multiparazitizm denemeleri ilk ovipozisyondan bir saat, 24 saat ve 72 saat sonrasında uygulanmıştır. Ergin rekabetini saptamak için iki yumurta paketine aynı anda T. semistriatus ve T. simoni’nin birer dişisi salınmıştır. Tüm denemeler stereomikroskop altında gözlenmiştir. Tercihli denemelerde, diğer türün dişisi tarafından önceden parazitlenmiş yumurtalarda multiparazitizm oranı hem T. semistriatus hem de T. simoni için önemli oranda düşük bulunmuştur ve bu oranlar ilk parazitlenmeden geçen süre ile birlikte azalmıştır, oysa tercihsiz denemelerde multiparazitizm oranı tercihli denemelerdekine göre daha yüksek gerçekleşmiştir. Multiparazitlenmiş yumurtalardan ergin çıkışı daima ikinci türe göre birinci tür için daha fazla olmuştur. Ergin rekabeti denemelerinin sonucu, T. semistriatus dişisinin T. simoni’ye göre daha üstün rakip olduğu saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Rekabet,Eurygaster integriceps,Scelionidae,yumurta parazitoitleri,multiparazitizm

Interspecific competition between Trissolcus semistriatus Nees and Trissolcus simoni (Mayr.) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), egg parasitoids of the sunn pest

Abstract

Trissolcus semistriatus Nees and T. simoni (Mayr.) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) are the most important and common natural enemies of the sunn pest [Eurygaster integriceps Put. (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae)]. This study was conducted to determine whether females of T. semistriatus and T. simoni multiparasitized previously parasitized E. integriceps eggs or not and to evaluate interspesific larval competition and adult competition between T. semistriatus and T. simoni. For this aim, half of host egg mass parasitized by one species and un-parasitized were provided to females of other species in choice tests, and a whole egg mass parasitized by one species were given to other species female in no choice tests. Multiparasitism experiments were applied after one hour, 24 h and 72 h from the first oviposition. To determine adult competition, one each female of T. semistriatus and T. simoni were released on two egg masses at the same time. All experiments were observed under a stereomicroscope. Multiparasitism rates for both T. semistriatus and T. simoni were significantly low in the eggs pre-parasitized by another female species in choice test and these rates decreased with the time from the first parasitism, whereas multiparasitism rates were higher in choice test than those of non-choice test. Emergence from multiparasitized eggs was greater for first parasitoid species than for second species. As a result of adult competition tests, female of T. semistriatus was found as a superior competitor than T. simoni.

Keywords

• competition,Eurygaster integriceps,Scelionidae,egg parasitoids,multiparasitism

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