Kök-Ur Nematodu Meloidogyne luci’nin Farklı Populasyon Yoğunluklarının Domates Gelişimine ve Nematod Üremesine Etkileri

Öz

Kök-ur nematodu Meloidogyne luci’nin dört farklı başlangıç popülasyon (Pi) yoğunluğunun (10¹, 10², 10³ ve 10⁴ yumurta/bitki) hassas domates bitkisinin gelişimine ve nematod üremesine etkisini belirlemek için saksı denemesi yürütülmüştür. Bitki gelişimine ait kriterlerden, gövde boyu ve gövde çapına ait başlangıç değerleri nematod inokulasyonundan hemen önce kaydedilmiştir. Ayrıca, yapraklardaki klorofil içeriklerindeki değişimin belirlenebilmesi amacıyla nematod inokulasyonundan deneme sonuna kadar haftalık olarak ölçümler yapılmıştır. Nematod inokulasyonundan 60 gün sonra deneme sonlandırılarak gövde boyu, gövde ağırlığı, gövde çapı ve kök ağırlıkları belirlenmiştir. Köklerdeki urlanma oranı 0-10 skalasına göre değerlendirilmiş ve nematodun final popülasyon (Pf) yoğunlukları ile üreme faktörü (Rf) tespit edilmiştir. Pi yoğunluğundaki artış, kök ağırlığı dışındaki bitki gelişim kriterlerinde azalışa neden olmuştur. Gövde çapı artış oranı Pi seviyesi 10¹, gövde boyu artış oranı ile gövde ağırlığı ise Pi yoğunluğu 10³ olduğunda kontrolden (Pi=0) önemli seviyede azalmıştır (P˂0,05). Nematod ile bulaşık bitkilerde, kontrole göre başlangıçtan itibaren daha düşük bir klorofil içeriği tespit edilmiş olsa bile, bu değişim istatistiksel olarak önemsizdir. Pi artıkça, ur skalası değerinde istatiksel olarak önemli artışlar tespit edilmiştir (P<0,05). Benzer şekilde, Pi yoğunluğundaki artış ile Pf değerinde de artışlar meydana gelmiş, fakat Pi yoğunluğu 10³ ve 10⁴olan uygulamalarda gram kökte elde edilen yumurta sayıları istatiksel olarak birbirinden farksız bulunmuştur. En yüksek Rf değerleri düşük Pi yoğunluklarında tespit edilmiş olup, istatistiksel olarak önemli azalış Pi seviyesi 10³’ün üzerine çıktığında gerçekleşmiştir. Nematod ile bitki gelişimi arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymak amacıyla yapılan regresyon analizlerinde, gövde boyu ve gövde çapı artış miktarının kontrole göre yüzde azalışı ile Pi seviyesi arasında pozitif bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Benzer bir pozitif ilişki, ur skalası ile gövde boyu ve ağırlığının azalış oranları arasında da belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bitki gelişim parametreleri, urlanma oranı ve nematodun üremesi birlikte değerlendirildiğinde, Pi seviyesi 10³ olduğunda, domates gelişimde önemli gerileme olduğu saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kök-ur nematodu,Meloidogyne luci,domates,inokulum seviyeleri

Effects of Different Population Densities of Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne luci on Growth of Tomato and Nematode Reproduction

Abstract

The pot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of four initial population (Pi) densities (10¹, 10², 10³ and10⁴ eggs/plant) of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne luci on plant growth of susceptible tomato and nematode reproduction. Initial values of shoot length and stem diameter as a plant growth criteria were determined prior to nematode inoculation. Additionally, chlorophyll contents of leaf were weekly recorded from nematode inoculation to end of the experiment to assess their differences. The experiment was terminated sixty days after nematode inoculation to determine shoot length, shoot weight, stem diameter, and root weight. Galls of root were evaluated according to 0-10 scale, and nematode final population (Pf) and reproduction factor (Rf) were determined. The increase in Pi densities caused reduction of plant growth parameters except for root weight. Significant reductions were found stem diameter at 10¹ of Pi and shoot length and weight at 10³ of Pi in comparison to control (Pi=0) (P˂0.05).  a lower chlorophyll content was determined during the experiment period in nematode-inoculated plants compared to non-inoculated plants, but not significantly. Significant increases in the value of gall scale were found with an increase in Pi (P˂0.05). Similarly, Pf increased with an increase in Pi but egg numbers of gram root had no significant differences between 10³ and 10⁴ at Pi. Maximum Rf values were recorded at low Pi values but statistically significant reduction was determined at higher Pi level than 10³. Regression analyses were performed to detect the relationship between nematode and plant growth resulting in a positive correlation between Pi levels and the percentage decrease in shoot length and stem diameters in relation to the actual growth in control. Similar positive relations were also determined between values of gall scale and percentage reduction shoot length and weight over control. In conclusion, considerable reductions in the growth of tomato were at 10³ of Pi when plant growth parameters, galling rates, and nematode reproduction were evaluated together.

Keywords

• Root-knot nematode,Meloidogyne luci,tomato,inoculum levels

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