Biological control of Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler's in in vitro conditions tomatoes by bacteria

Abstract

Fungal diseases cause significant economic losses in fruits in the field and post-harvest. Tomatoes, which are of great importance in terms of human health and economically, are sensitive to fungal diseases due to their rich nutrients and water content. Alternaria alternata is defined as one of the most important necrotrophic pathogens in tomato fruit. Biological control method, which is an alternative method to protect fruits and vegetables during storage and shelf life, is utilized due to insufficient controlling and the disadvantages of fungicide use. In this study, a total of 33 bioagent bacteria [Agrobacterium radiobacter (A 16), Bacillus atrophaeus (TV 15B, FD 1), two Bacillus cereus (TV 30D and TV 85D), Bacillus megaterium (TV 3D, TV 6D, TV 13C, TV 20E, TV 49A, TV 87A, M3, KBA 10), Bacillus subtilis (TV 6F, TV12H, TV 13B, TV 17C, OSU 142, TV 16F), Bacillus pumilus (TV 67C, TV 73A, IK 39), Brevibacillus choshinensis (TV 53D), Kyluverea cryocrescens (TV 113C), Kocuria rosea (TV 14C), Paenibacillus macerans (T 26), Pantoea agglomerans (RK 92, RK 84), Pseudomonas chlororaphis (IK 37, PM 18), Pseudomonas flourescens (FDG 37, TV 11D), Pseudomonas putida (TV 42A)] were tested against A. alternata in vitro. According to the results of the dual culture test, the most effective isolate that prevented the development of pathogen fungi was TV 53D (83.33%), followed by RK 84 (79.76%) and TV 6F (78.57%). It is important for the use of 3 promising bioagent bacteria to be tested against pathogen under different in vivo conditions as a biopesticide.

Keywords

• Bacillus sp.,bioagent bacteria,Brevibacillus choshinensis,Pantoea agglomerans,tomato

Domateste Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl’nın Bazı Bakteriler ile Biyolojik Mücadelesi

Öz

Fungal hastalıklar tarlada ve hasat sonrası meyvelerde önemli ekonomik kayıplara neden olur. İnsan sağlığı açısından ve ekonomik anlamda büyük öneme sahip olan domates, zengin besin maddesi ve su içeriğinden dolayı fungal hastalıklara karşı hassas bir üründür. Alternaria alternata’da, domates meyvesinde ekonomik açıdan en önemli nekrotrofik patojenlerden biri olarak tanımlanmıştır. Etmen ile mücadelede yetersiz kalındığından ve fungisit kullanımının dezavantajlarından dolayı depolama ve raf ömrü sırasında meyve ve sebzeleri korumak için alternatif yöntem olan biyolojik mücadele yönteminden faydalanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada da toplamda 33 adet biyoajan bakteri [Agrobacterium radiobacter (A 16), Bacillus atrophaeus (TV 15B, FD 1), 2 adet Bacillus cereus (TV 30D, TV 85D), Bacillus megaterium (TV 3D, TV 6D, TV 13C, TV 20E, TV 49A, TV 87A, M3, KBA 10), Bacillus subtilis (TV 6F, TV12 H, TV 13B, TV 17C, OSU 142, TV 16F), Bacillus pumilus (TV 67C, TV 73A, IK 39), Brevibacillus choshinensis (TV 53D), Kyluverea cryocrescens (TV 113C), Kocuria rosea (TV 14C), Paenibacllus macerans (T 26), Pantoea agglomerans (RK 92, RK 84), Pseudomonas chlororaphis (IK 37, PM 18), Pseudomonas flourescens (FDG 37, TV 11D), Pseudomonas putida (TV 42A)] A. alternata’ya karşı in vitro’da test edilmiştir. İkili kültür test sonucuna göre patojen fungusun gelişimini engelleyen en etkili izolat TV 53D (%83.33) olurken, onu sırasıyla RK 84 (%79.76) ve TV 6F (%78.57) takip etmiştir. Etkili olan 3 ümitvar biyoajan bakterinin farklı çevre koşullarında in vivo şartlarda patojene karşı test edilmesi biyopestisit olarak kullanılabilirliğinin belirlenmesi açısından önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bacillus spp.,biyoajan bakteri,biyolojik mücadele,Brevibacillus choshinensis,Pantoea agglomerans,domates

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