Farklı ürün türlerini enfekte eden Rhizoctonia solani izolatları arasındaki patojenik varyasyonun ve potansiyel biyokontrol ajanlarının değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Rhizoctonia solani, domates, kavun ve karpuz dahil olmak üzere 200'den fazla bitki türünü enfekte eden önemli ve geniş spektrumlu bir fungal patojendir. Bu çalışmada, farklı R. solani izolatlarının (Rs26, Rs94, Rs13, Rs57 ve Rs123) patojenitesi ve çevre dostu hastalık yönetimi için Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride, Metarhizium sp., Gliocladium sp. gibi biyolojik ajanların etkinliği laboratuvar ve sera koşullarında değerlendirilmiştir. Patojenite testlerinin sonuçları, izolatların değişen virülensini doğrulamıştır. Rs94 ve Rs13 izolatları karpuzda en ciddi hastalığa neden olmuştur (hastalık şiddeti (HS)= 3.80 ve 3.83, hastalık şiddeti indeksi (HSİ)= %90.43 ve %95.75). Benzer şekilde, Rs26 izolatı domateste en yüksek patojenisiteyi sergilemiştir (HS= 3.84; HSİ= %94.86). Kavun, tüm izolatlara karşı yüksek hassasiyet göstermiş olup, sürekli olarak 2.59'dan yüksek HS ve %80.97' yi aşan HSİ değerleri kaydedilmiştir. Daha sonra yapılan in vitro ve in vivo denemeler, test edilen tüm ajanların R. solani izolatlarına karşı antifungal potansiyelini ortaya koymuştur. Özellikle Trichoderma spp., en tutarlı ve anlamlı inhibisyonu göstermiştir (miselyal büyüme azalması %82.97-%94.67). Bu konuda en iyi performansı ise T. harzianum göstermiştir. Sera denemeleri, T. harzianum'un önleyici bir tedavi olarak etkinliğini doğrulamış, bitki enzim aktivitesini artırmış (peroksidaz = domates ve karpuz için sırasıyla 4.97-5.29 birim g-1 ml-1 dk-1; katalaz = karpuz ve kavun için sırasıyla 99.93-101.22 birim g-1 ml-1 dk-1) ve hastalık şiddeti indeksini önemli ölçüde azaltmıştır (HSİ < %12.43). Bu bulgular, T. harzianum'un domates, kavun ve karpuz bitkilerinde R. solani fide yanıklığı hastalığının yönetimi için sürdürülebilir ve çevre dostu bir strateji olarak kullanım potansiyelini vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fide yanıklık hastalığı
• Trichoderma spp.
• domates
• kavun
• patojenisite
• karpuz

Evaluation of pathogenic variation among Rhizoctonia solani isolates infecting different crops and potential biocontrol agents

Abstract

Rhizoctonia solani is an important broad-spectrum fungal pathogen that infects over 200 plant species including tomato, melon, and watermelon. This study evaluated the pathogenicity of various R. solani isolates (Rs26, Rs94, Rs13, Rs57, and Rs123) and the efficacy of biological agents (Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride, Metarhizium sp., Gliocladium sp.) under laboratory and greenhouse conditions for eco-friendly disease management. The results of the pathogenicity assay confirmed the varying aggressiveness of the isolates, with Rs94 and Rs13 causing the most severe disease in watermelon (disease severity (DS) = 3.80 and 3.83, disease severity index (DSI) = 90.43% and 95.75%, respectively). Similarly, isolate Rs26 displayed the highest pathogenicity in tomatoes (DS = 3.84; DSI = 94.86%). Melon exhibited high susceptibility across all isolates, with consistently high DS and DSI values exceeding 2.59 and 80.97%, respectively. Subsequent in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated the antifungal potential of all tested agents against R. solani isolates. Notably, Trichoderma spp. displayed the most consistent and significant inhibition (mycelial growth reduction 82.97%-94.67%), with T. harzianum demonstrating superior performance. Greenhouse trials confirmed the effectiveness of T. harzianum as a preventative treatment, enhancing plant enzyme activity [peroxidase = 4.97-5.29 units g-1 ml-1 min-1 for tomato and watermelon, respectively; catalase = 99.93-101.22 units g-1 ml-1 min-1 for watermelon and melon, respectively] and significantly reducing disease severity index (DSI < 12.43%). These findings highlight the potential of T. harzianum as a sustainable and eco-friendly strategy for managing R. solani damping-off disease in tomato, melon, and watermelon crops.

Keywords

• Damping-off disease
• Trichoderma spp.
• tomato
• melon
• pathogenicity
• watermelon

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